<p>This thesis sets out to characteize, explain, and assess the 1991-96 and lifetime interprovincial migrations of elderly Canadians, based on the migration data of the 1996 population census. The study of the 1991-96 elderly migration is divided into two parts. The first part characterizes, interprets, and assesses the relative importance of five distinct types of migration(primary, onward, return, foreign, and recent immigration). The major findings are (1) that the overall redistributional impact of the 1991-96 elderly migration was the increase of the shares of Canada's elderly population by the three provinces with the strongest economies; (2) that due to the positive selectivity in primary and onward migrations with respect to income and marital status, the migrations of the Canadian-born elderly probably did not result in increased financial burden on these provinces; and (3) that recent immigrants accounted for more than half of the combined pool of the elderly migrants and made Canada less French. The purpose of second part is to characterize and explain interprovincial elderly primary migration (migration from the province of birth) in a multivariate context, using a nested logit model. The main finding is that both the location of adult children and environmental amenities were important factors in the departure decision and destination choices of elderly migrants. This result supports Litwak's theory of modified extended family and the developmental theory of Litwak and Longino as well. The main purpose of studying the lifetime migration of elderly Canadians is to assess the long-term effects of interprovincial migration. The main findings are (1) that the lifetime migration resulted in the net transfers of migrants from the "have not" to the "have"provinces; (2) that the migrants moving in the "right" direction achieved income betterment, although the betterment was not large enough to compensate for the disadvantage of being born in the "have not" provinces and/or to Francophone parents; and (3) that the lifetime migration aggravated somewhat the cultural polarization between Quebec and the rest of Canada.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

<p>This research demonstrates a method of data collection to analyse and compare flows of bicycle (with historic data) and pedestrian activity using automatic counters and manual counts in Santiago, Chile. An outstanding challenges facing planning for non-motorized transportation (bicycle and pedestrian) is the lack of consistent information on usage and demand of these modes. This is probably the single greatest impediment to being able to understand the behaviour of travelers using these modes. Further, without consistent and accurate information on demand and usage, it is difficult to measure the real benefits of public investments on health, travel time, and other relevant indicators, and to compare these modes to alternatives such as public transit or private automobile. For these reasons, this research aims to measure bicycle and pedestrian activity in specific points of Santiago-Chile. This study is divided into two sections: 1. Measuring bicycle activity in behaviour s of Antonio Varas Ave. and Simon Bolivar Ave. (Case study 1) and Pocuro Ave., Antonio Varas Ave. and Andrés Bello Ave. (Case study 2); and 2. Measuring bicycle and pedestrian activity in the Metropolitan Park of Santiago. This research is designed to (a) evaluate existing bicycle and pedestrian data sources, (b) conduct comprehensive counts of bicyclists and pedestrians using automatic and manual counting methods and (c) analyze the growth rate of bicycle users. This research presents materials developed including a literature review, research objectives, data collection methodology, results from the data collection effort, analysis, conclusions and future recommendations.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Gentrification methodologies rarely intersect. Analysis of the process has been cornered to incorporate either in-depth, neighborhood case studies or large-scale empirical investigations. Understanding the timing and extent of gentrification has been limited by this dichotomy. This research attempts to fuse quantitative and qualitative methods to discern the impact of gentrification between census tracts in East Nashville, Tennessee. By employing archival research, field surveys, and census data analysis this project attempts to comprehend the conditions suitable for gentrification to occur and its subsequent effect on residents and the built environment. A model was generated to determine the relationship between a-priori knowledge and empirical indicators of gentrification. Trends were gleaned between these methods, although gentrification’s chaotic and complex nature makes it difficult to pin down.

<p>Policies for the control of dengue fever often construct the mosquito-borne virus as a disease of poverty, and call for disease control through “development” to meet the needs of poor populations and impoverished or unsanitary spaces. However, exceptions to the narrative of a rich/poor dengue divide persist in non-poor urban environments across the world. One example is Malaysia's new administrative capital city of Putrajaya – a wealthy and centrally planned new city with among the highest rates of dengue in the country.</p> <p>This dissertation drew on theories of ecosocial epidemiology and urban political ecology to investigate and contextualize the geography of dengue and development in Putrajaya. Key informant interviews and critical discourse analysis found that infectious disease control fell well below other urban priorities for the city, and that globally dominant dengue control strategies targeted toward poor populations were inappropriately transferred to Putrajaya's non-poor local environment. A systematic review of the research literature found no clear evidence showing an association between dengue and conditions of poverty. These findings challenge conventional thinking by policy makers about epidemiological transition and the social determinants of health.</p> <p>The dissertation addresses the dearth of research into the world's neglected tropical diseases (NTDs); in particular, gaps in our understanding of the biopolitical and socioecological contexts (sites of urban governance, sites of health policy development and implementation, and sites of academic research) in which policies for NTDs like dengue are determined, enacted and justified. The dissertation further identifies non-poor urban environments – in particular those undergoing rapid development, such as Putrajaya – as key spaces for future geographic and political ecological research related to epidemiological transition, economic development and the social and environmental determinants of health.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

From the arrival of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (BVMs) in Dubuque, Iowa, in 1843 through the death of their foundress in 1887, the BVMs created a group identity that they spread through the dispersion of their schools and that they maintained through regular written and personal contact. The identity they maintained was definitely religious in nature, but it was also equally secular. The BVMs provided a type of teaching that historians and geographers of U.S. education have not yet fully investigated, namely Catholic education. These women regularly taught and administered for lifelong careers; interactions among the women teachers and administrators were both deeply personal and pointedly professional; and these U.S. teachers actively supported and benefited from centralization. The research explores the dispersion pattern of the BVM school system, the nature of the institution through the experiences of BVM teachers and administrators, and the importance of recognizing the intertwining secular and sacred aspects of the congregation and its schools. Rather than reducing U.S. education to public education, the findings in this dissertation about BVM teachers and their schools call for a more nuanced understanding of U.S. education in general, one that includes Catholic education as a part of the whole.

This thesis is a case study of a small agricultural community located along the eastern edge of Everglades National Park, The purpose of this study was to document the way land use decisions have been made and how these decisions have affected this community and the Everglades ecosystem. This research demonstrated that decisions made by the involved agencies have negatively affected both the community of Pariah, Florida and the Everglades ecosystem. Research methods included extensive document research, participant observation and formal and informal interviews. It appears that public concern over “saving the Everglades” has been used to provide a legitimating framework for the achievement of a plurality of personal goals and unstated agency agendas that have little or nothing to do with either the Everglades or the environment in general.

This dissertation examines alternative economic practices and regional economic development strategies in the Appalachian region. First, I deconstruct regional economic development policies and practices. I argue that policy documents produced by the Appalachian Regional Commission and the State of Kentucky have often limited economic imaginings through the perpetuation of regional stereotypes and short-term, decontextualized strategies. Then, I explore the existence of alternative economic practices as well as the contradictory role of the state within the context of Eastern Kentucky’s craft industry. Using a mixed methods approach, I investigate how the state simultaneously supports cooperative craft production by perpetuating a geographical lore pertaining to crafts produced in the State of Kentucky, and yet fosters a discourse of self-sufficiency via entrepreneurial workshops that often alienate cooperative craft producers. Finally, I highlight alternatives that have emerged in this industry in an effort to document economic diversity and redefine development.

Drawing maps for historians involves a number of distinct challenges. The historical cartographer must grapple not only with geological changes over time, but geographical ones, from human-cultural to physical, and from political to spatial. Original manuscripts must be read with close attention toward extracting geographical data, map sources must be vetted, and design challenges must be resolved. Furthermore, many of the antiquarian sources that are used to create current-day maps of historical times have unique scales, projections, and senses of place—all of which present complications that need to be overcome when creating historically based maps for publication. This thesis describes some of the quagmires that the historical cartographer encounters on a regular basis, and details methods for avoiding them. Using maps drawn by the author as source materials, techniques for creating historically cognizant, technically accurate, and elegant maps are examined and described as parts of the process of illustrating historians’ manuscripts. Ultimately, the goal of the historical cartographer is to create maps that provide readers with an easily graspable graphic methodology for understanding the arguments presented in the text. When this is done well, the maps support the legitimacy of the historian’s research and offer a clarity of vision that might otherwise be difficult with words alone.

<p>**book was missing pages 105-109 (the thesis contents are undisturbed although the pages are missing)</p> / <p>This is a study in intellectual history. The focus is on Carl O. Sauer (1889-1975) and Sauer's ideas. The purpose of the thesis is to account for the intellectual motivation behind the "Berkeley School of (Historical) Geography" for which Sauer was wholly responsible. Historical geography in north America virtually owes its existence to Sauer's efforts. The thesis is not an analysis of the school per se, but rather an investigation into it's origin and underlying world view.</p> <p>The stimulus behind the Berkeley School was Sauer's 1925 essay on "The Morphology of Landscape". The "morphology" had a profound impact on the discipline of geography in North America, and it carefully outlined Sauer's perspective on the field. Accordingly, the bulk of the thesis covers the period from Sauer's birth until the penning of the "morphology". The different milieux of which Sauer was a member during that period are examined to determine their respective contributions to his ideas.</p> <p>It is postulated that Sauer's conception of geography, as expressed through the methodology and epistemological framework delineated in the "morphology", was a reflection if his strong German-American upbringing in the "Missouri Rhineland". In short, it is argued that Sauer was perpetuating the Goethean conception of science he was exposed to as an undergraduate at Central Weslevan. Sauer's graduate school experiences and his early teaching position appear to have had only a passing influence on his definition of the discipline</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

There has been a general shift in the location of steel production over the last 15 years away from developed countries towards developing countries. The shift is similar to those documented in their industries like cars and textiles, but the reasons for the shift are different partly because steel is not produced by multinational corporations. This thesis examines part of the shift in steel production. specifically its decline in the United States and its expansion in Brasil. An analysis of changing class relationships around steel production over the most recent cycle of accumulation is conducted for each country. The importance of indigenous class forces in determining the course of industrial development is emphasized. in contrast with most of the radical literature on industrial development which considers third world growth to be externally imposed. The thesis makes two major contributes to the literature. First a theory of international development which is consistent with realist-marxist principles is provided. This theory also integrates the economic and political branches of marxist theory through an analysis of competition, a subject relatively absent from most marxist analyses. Secondly, research at a concrete level is conducted which illustrates the strengths and usefulness of the realist-marxist theory. By analyzing an industry (steel) that in its institutional organization and physical structure is different from other industries that have been examined empirically, different kinds of social relationships are found to be important in determining the pattern of international development. An explanation of the shift in steel production is provided therefore which also demonstrates practically the realist argument that causes of Industrial development are both abstract and specific: specific to places, times and branches of production. Most of the existing radical literature on international development identifies only causes that are specific to certain cases. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)