<p>2021-0603</p>

No description available.

There are few studies about testing and adopting new and emerging digital OSH technologies in the construction industry. This study aimed to investigate phenomena in organizations connected to emerging digital OSH technologies. This study had a qualitative and abductive reasoning approach. Four models were used as a theoretical framework: OSH management, HTO model, Technology Acceptance Model, and Safety Technology Adoption Predictors for the construction industry. Three methods were used for collecting data: a literature overview, semi-structured interviews, and a survey. Eleven participants from three types of organizations such as academics, construction firms, and tech companies, participated in the study and via interviews shared their knowledge and experiences from testing new digital OSH technologies in a construction context. The interviews and a short survey were conducted between February to August 2022. Results from the study show that driving forces included the company’s need to create value in its own internal processes and reduce waste. Factors that can facilitate digitalization of OSH technologies are top-level management’s involvement and engagement and partnership between stakeholders. Before companies evaluate tests of digital OSH technologies it is important to develop goals and identify measurable parameters and after testing, produce a business case with a return on investment. Factors that hinder the development of new digital OSH technologies include unclear demands from stakeholders and customers, and lack of regulations, uniform standards, and guidelines on how to create a cyber-physical system in a construction context. Further on, well-working connectivity on the construction site is critical if the construction company wants to test and use digital OSH technologies. Three models were proposed during the synthesis process: an ‘Innovation and adoption’ model, a ‘Holistic OSH management’ model, and a ‘Dream Light Valley’ model. These models summarize and illustrate important factors which are interacting with each other during the development of digital OSH technologies in the construction industry.

No description available.

<p>2022-06-02</p>

<p>2022-06-02</p>

No description available.

Oral tablets are convenient and widely administered drugdosage forms.The mechanical properties of a drug substance such as plasticity, ability to cohere into compacts and friction/adhesion are important in the development of a tablet formulation. Crystal engineering is an interesting and viabletool for improving or optimizing these technical properties of a drug substance.The creation of a lternative polymorphic forms, cocrystals, salts or hydrates of a drug substance can result in structural variations in the molecular packing of the crystals and, thereby, can alter the deformation behavior of the materials.Knowledge of the relationships between crystal modifications and the technical properties in multicomponent systems is limited, but represents a possibility to predict mechanical properties based on crystalstructure that facilitates engineering particles for the optimal processing performance. The overall objective of this thesis is thus to gain better understanding of the relationships between the crystal structure features and the mechanical properties of cocrystals and salts. Paracetamol form I, its cocrystals with oxalic acid and 4,4´-bipyridine, and its hydrochloride salt were selected as model systems in the study.The materials were scaled-up using rational crystallization methods and the physical purity was confirmed. The relevant properties of these powders were determined.Tablets were then made at applied pressures of50-250 MPa under controlled conditions.The tabletability and compactability of the powders were determined. The compression mechanics of the powders were the investigated according to a material classification protocol.Slip planes were identified by visually observing the crystal structures and based on the attachment energies calculated using different force fields in the materialsstudio.The tensile strengths of the powders increased with increasing pressure and the tabletability decreased in the order oxalic acid&gt;paracetamol-hydrochloride salt≈paracetamol-oxalic acid&gt;4,4´-bipyridine&gt;paracetamol-4,4´-bipyridine.The tensile strength of the tablets decreased exponentially with increasing porosity,with some exceptions.Ingeneral, the cocrystals and the salt displayed intermediate compression characteristics as compared to the reference substances.The elastic recovery of the cocrystal and salt forms of paracetamol was not markedly different from that of paracetamol.It was found that slip plane prediction based on the attachment energies was not reliable. While it was possible to explain the improved tableting properties of powders based on the crystal features (i.e. the presence of slip planes and flat layers), no clear relationship was found with yield pressure. This may be attributed to possible brittle material characteristics and the surface energies of the crystals,which need to be further studied.Thus, cocrystallization and salt formation introduced structural features that were responsible for changes in the compaction and compression properties of drug substances. In future work, we intend to extend these studies to provide a clear picture of structure-mechanical property relationships in organic molecular crystals over multiple length scales;molecules to crystals to bulk powder.Key words Crystal engineering, solid forms, cocrystals, salts, tableting, crystal structure, mechanical properties, compression analysis

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common groups of work-related illnesses. At PET Dispensing, AstraZeneca Södertälje, several MSDs had been linked to a specific scooping utensil made of stainless steel. This master thesis aimed to, using a user-centered design approach, identify the MSD risks associated with this utensil and then develop, test, and suggest a re-design to reduce these risks. PET Dispensing was a pre-manufacturing department with the main task of re-packaging supplier raw material, such as cellulose and color pigment, before entering AstraZeneca’s factories where it needed to fit their industrial processes for producing medicines. The repackaging was sometimes done using a lifting aid but more often using a hand-held scooping utensil in stainless steel. The packaging varied in size, material, and weight depending on the type of raw material and supplier and the work tasks were therefore hard to standardize. Interviews with operators and observation of the scooping tasks with the utensil showed that a full scoop could weigh up to 2.5 kg per scoop and the scooping motion was often done about 56 times per 30 min. The utensil handle was so positioned that downward bending of the wrist occurred during most of the scooping task. The result of the thesis project was two-fold: identification of risk factors and a requirement specification with a final design concept for a new scooping utensil. The most prominent MSD risks were repetitive motions, especially of the wrist, high loads using one arm, and awkward body postures. For the risks to lessen one or more of these parameters must be addressed. Organizational factors such as rotation of work tasks, training of employees, and customized work material and tools such as lifting aids and height adjustable surfaces were also recommended measures. The product development of a new scooping utensil concept was done using ideation, prototyping, and testing. Prototypes of increasingly higher levels of detail were used to visualize ideas and were brought to the operators for feedback. The final design concept is based on literature studies on ergonomic handle design and requirements collected from operators and process responsible at AstraZeneca. It is visualized using 3D modeling software and has a new handle placement with a grip optimized for force transmission. The proposed scooping utensil concept includes using stainless steel as a main material because of hygiene requirements and regulations at PET Dispensing. Other materials are encouraged to be further evaluated. / AstraZeneca Södertälje, hade flera belastningssjukdomar kopplats till ett specifikt skopredskap tillverkat av rostfritt stål. Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att, med hjälp av en användarcentrerad designmetodik, identifiera de belastningsrisker som är förknippade med detta redskap och sedan utveckla, testa och föreslå en ny design i syfte att minska dessa risker. PET Dispensering är en förarbetssavdelning med huvuduppgiften att omförpacka leverantörers råmaterial, såsom cellulosa och färgpigment, innan de transporteras till AstraZenecas fabriker där de behöver anpassas till deras industriella processer för tillverkning av läkemedel. Ompackningen skedde delvis manuellt med ett handhållet skopredskap i rostfritt stål. Förpackningarna varierade i storlek, material och vikt beroende på typ av råvara och leverantör och arbetsuppgifterna var därför svåra att standardisera. Intervjuer med operatörer och observationer av skopningsarbetet med redskapet visade att en full skopa kunde väga upp till 2,5 kg per skopa och att skopningsrörelsen ofta gjordes cirka 56 gånger per 30 minuter. Redskapets handtag var placerat så att handleden böjdes nedåt under större delen av skopningsarbetet. Resultatet av examensarbetet var tvåfaldigt: identifiering av riskfaktorer samt en kravspecifikation med ett slutgiltigt designkoncept för ett nytt skopredskap. De mest framträdande riskerna för MSD var repetitiva rörelser, särskilt i handleden, höga belastningar på aktiv arm och obekväma kroppshållningar. För att riskerna ska minska måste en eller flera av dessa parametrar åtgärdas. Organisatoriska faktorer som rotation av arbetsuppgifter, utbildning av anställda och anpassat arbetsmaterial och verktyg som lyfthjälpmedel och höj- och sänkbara ytor var också rekommenderade åtgärder. Produktutvecklingen av ett nytt skopredskapskoncept gjordes med hjälp av idégenererande, prototypframtagning och testning. Prototyper med allt högre detaljnivå användes för att visualisera idéer och visades för operatörerna för feedback. Konceptet visualiseras med 3D-modelleringsprogramvara och innebär förslag på en ny placering av handtag med ett grepp som är optimerat för kraftöverföring. Det föreslagna skopredskapskonceptet omfattar användning av rostfritt stål som huvudmaterial på grund av hygienkrav och föreskrifter vid PET-dispensering, men andra material uppmuntras att utvärderas ytterligare.

No description available.