Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1995.

Thesis--University of Turku, Finland, 2001. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-71).

Estudo de caso Ãnico com o objetivo geral de avaliar a estrutura, o processo e o resultado da atenÃÃo em diabetes no Centro Integrado de Diabetes e HipertensÃo de Barbalha-CearÃ. Da amostra constaram 108 prontuÃrios de saÃde de usuÃrios com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e nove profissionais envolvidos na atenÃÃo em diabetes. A coleta de dados desenvolveu-se no perÃodo de julho a dezembro de 2011 utilizando-se de trÃs fontes de evidÃncias: prontuÃrios de saÃde, mapas e observaÃÃo direta. Para anÃlise adotou-se AvaliaÃÃo de Cuidados em SaÃde proposta por Donabedian (1980). Em relaÃÃo à caracterizaÃÃo dos usuÃrios, segundo se constatou ,85,2% eram do sexo feminino, mediana de idade de 67 anos, tempo de tratamento com mediana de 8 anos, 97,7% tinham hipertensÃo arterial, 91,6% estavam em acompanhamento com endocrinologista, 46,3% em uso de antidiabÃtico oral associado a anti-hipertensivo e insulina, 24,1% de aspirina e 23,1% de estatinas. Quanto ao componente estrutura, a estrutura fÃsica contraria em parte o preconizado pela AgÃncia Nacional de VigilÃncia SanitÃria, portanto, inadequada para atender plenamente as necessidades dos usuÃrios e dos profissionais. No tocante aos recursos materiais, medicamentos e insumos, suprem as necessidades quanto Ãs quantidades existentes. No referente ao componente processo, as consultas de enfermagem nÃo sÃo baseadas na metodologia da assistÃncia, as mÃdicas sÃo centradas na relaÃÃo queixa-conduta e as de nutriÃÃo na prescriÃÃo do plano e educaÃÃo alimentar. OrientaÃÃes quanto à alimentaÃÃo foram ofertadas aos usuÃrios pelo enfermeiro e mÃdico, com Ãnfase na restriÃÃo do sal, do aÃÃcar, das gorduras e na diminuiÃÃo dos carboidratos, enquanto os nutricionistas abordaram aspectos dos grupos alimentares, suas substituiÃÃes e regularidade dos horÃrios das refeiÃÃes. Apenas o endocrinologista orientou sobre atividade fÃsica. Quanto Ãs orientaÃÃes sobre medicamentos, o enfermeiro foi o principal responsÃvel. Evidenciaram-se lacunas no inerente à oferta de orientaÃÃes educativas grupais pelos profissionais de saÃde aos usuÃrios. O exame dos pÃs dos usuÃrios nÃo fazia parte do atendimento do endocrinologista e do enfermeiro. O auxiliar e o tÃcnico de enfermagem realizavam a verificaÃÃo da glicemia capilar, da pressÃo arterial, do peso corporal e da altura. Enquanto o recepcionista e o auxiliar de serviÃos gerais desempenharam parte das suas competÃncias tÃcnicas, o auxiliar e o tÃcnico de enfermagem apresentaram o maior nÃmero de registros nos prontuÃrios, seguidos pelo mÃdico. Embora o registro das consultas de nutriÃÃo tenha se revelado incipiente e as de enfermagem nÃo tenham atingido a totalidade dos prontuÃrios, o registro da aferiÃÃo da pressÃo arterial, da glicemia capilar e o do peso à prÃtica estabelecida na rotina do centro. Jà o registro da altura e do Ãndice de massa corpÃrea foi incipiente, enquanto o da circunferÃncia abdominal foi inexistente. No tocante ao exame do pà e do olho, os percentuais de registro foram baixos no perÃodo investigado. Segundo constatado, o registro de exames laboratoriais nÃo alcanÃou a totalidade dos prontuÃrios investigados, mas o registro de orientaÃÃes acerca da alimentaÃÃo e atividade fÃsica obteve percentuais expressivos no perÃodo estudado. Houve lacunas de registros quanto a estratÃgias educativas grupais referentes ao tratamento medicamentoso e nÃo medicamentoso. Quanto ao componente resultado, constatou-se no ano de 2007 que o serviÃo atendeu a exigÃncia do indicador LDL colesterol < 100mg/dl, em 2008 cumpriu o determinado para os indicadores hemoglobina A1c > 9%, A1c < 7% e o LDL < 100mg/dl. Contudo, no ano de 2009, o Ãnico indicador alcanÃado foi o LDL < 100 mg/dl. Diante dos resultados encontrados e compreendendo a avaliÃÃo em saÃde como instrumento para tomada de decisÃo, ressalta-se a importÃncia da atenÃÃo do gestor municipal, coordenaÃÃo e profissionais em reestruturar o referido centro em face das fragilidades constatadas. / This is a single case study that aimed to assess the structure, the process and the outcome of diabetes care in the Integrated Center for Diabetes and Hypertension of Barbalha-CE, Brazil. The sample consisted of 108 medical records of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and nine professionals involved in diabetes care. Data collection was carried out from July to December 2011, using three sources of evidence: medical records, maps and direct observation. For the analysis, we used the Health Care Evaluation proposed by Donabedian (1980). Regarding the characterization of users, we verified that 85.2% were female, median age of 67 years, with median treatment time of 8 years, 97.7% had hypertension, 91.6% were in endocrinology follow-up, 46.3% were using oral antidiabetic associated with antihypertensive and insulin, 24.1% aspirin and 23.1% statins. Regarding the component structure, the physical structure partly contradicts the recommendations of the National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance, therefore inadequate to fully meet the needs of users and professionals. As for the material resources, medicines and supplies, they met the needs concerning the existing quantities. Regarding the component process, we verified that nursing consultations are not based on the assistance methodology; medical consultations are centered on the complaint-behavior relationship; and nutrition consultations in the plan prescription and nutrition education. Guidelines on eating were offered to the users by nurses and doctors, focusing on restriction of salt, sugar, fat and carbohydrates decrease, while nutritionists approached aspects of the food groups, their replacements and regularity of mealtimes. Only the endocrinologist advised about physical activity. Regarding the guidelines on medication, nurses were the main responsible. We identified gaps inherent to the offer of group educational guidelines to users by health professionals. The foot examination was not part of the assistance of endocrinologists and nurses. The nurse assistants and technicians performed the verification of blood glucose, blood pressure, body weight and height. The receptionist and general services assistant played part of their technical skills, while the nurse assistants and technicians presented the highest number of medical records, followed by doctors. Although the register of nutrition consultations has proved incipient and the nursing consultations have not fully reached the records, the register of blood pressure, blood glucose and weight measurements are established practices in the daily routine of the center. The register of height and body mass index was incipient, while waist circumference was nonexistent. Regarding the foot and eye examination, the registration rates were low in the investigated period. We found that the register of laboratory tests did not reach all the records investigated, but the register of guidelines on diet and physical activity presented significant percentage during the study period. There were gaps in records on the group educational strategies concerning the medical and non-medical treatment. Regarding the component outcome, we verified that in 2007 the service has met the requirement of the indicator LDL cholesterol < 100mg/dl, in 2008 it has met the specific indicators for A1c hemoglobin > 9%, A1c < 7% and LDL < 100 mg/dl. However, in 2009, the only indicator achieved was LDL < 100 mg/dl. Considering the results found and understanding the health services evaluation as a tool for decision-making, we highlight the importance of the attention of the city manager, coordination and professionals in order to restructure the center in study, given the weaknesses noted.

<p>The present thesis addresses various means of reducing inflammatory responses associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and retransfusion of pericardial suction blood (PSB) during cardiac surgery.</p><p>Four (I-IV) prospective randomised controlled clinical trials comprising 475 patients were performed in the following areas: effects of heparin coating on measures of clinical outcome and memory function (I, II), inflammatory reactions in PSB and its systemic effects after retransfusion using cardiotomy suction or cell salvage (III) and effects of retransfusion of PSB on memory function and release patterns of protein S100B (IV).</p><p>The use of heparin coated CPB-circuits was associated with a decrease of postoperative blood loss (I, II), transfusion requirements (II), shorter stay in hospital (I) decreased postoperative ventilator time (I), lower incidences of atrial fibrillation (II) and neurological deviations (I), reduction in releases of protein S100B (I, II) and lower postoperative creatinine elevation (I, II).</p><p>PSB contained high concentrations of cytokines, complements, myeloperoxidase, free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B (III, IV). Retransfusion using cardiotomy suction increased the systemic concentrations of free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B, whereas retransfusion using cell salvage caused no detectable systemic effects (III, IV). CPB was associated with a small but significant release of protein S100B, despite elimination of PSB-contained protein S100B using cell salvage (IV).</p><p>Subtle signs of impaired memory function were identified that were not associated with the use of heparin coated CPB-circuits (I, II) or retransfusion of PSB (IV).</p><p>Key words: cardiopulmonary bypass, oxygenators, heparin, S100 proteins, blood loss, haemostasis, memory, outcome and process assessment.</p>

The present thesis addresses various means of reducing inflammatory responses associated with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and retransfusion of pericardial suction blood (PSB) during cardiac surgery. Four (I-IV) prospective randomised controlled clinical trials comprising 475 patients were performed in the following areas: effects of heparin coating on measures of clinical outcome and memory function (I, II), inflammatory reactions in PSB and its systemic effects after retransfusion using cardiotomy suction or cell salvage (III) and effects of retransfusion of PSB on memory function and release patterns of protein S100B (IV). The use of heparin coated CPB-circuits was associated with a decrease of postoperative blood loss (I, II), transfusion requirements (II), shorter stay in hospital (I) decreased postoperative ventilator time (I), lower incidences of atrial fibrillation (II) and neurological deviations (I), reduction in releases of protein S100B (I, II) and lower postoperative creatinine elevation (I, II). PSB contained high concentrations of cytokines, complements, myeloperoxidase, free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B (III, IV). Retransfusion using cardiotomy suction increased the systemic concentrations of free plasma haemoglobin and protein S100B, whereas retransfusion using cell salvage caused no detectable systemic effects (III, IV). CPB was associated with a small but significant release of protein S100B, despite elimination of PSB-contained protein S100B using cell salvage (IV). Subtle signs of impaired memory function were identified that were not associated with the use of heparin coated CPB-circuits (I, II) or retransfusion of PSB (IV). Key words: cardiopulmonary bypass, oxygenators, heparin, S100 proteins, blood loss, haemostasis, memory, outcome and process assessment.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-94).

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 101-105.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T20:06:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 25 / Nenhuma / O objetivo foi avaliar as condições de processo e de resultado do atendimento às pessoas acima de 20 anos com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus, residentes na área de cobertura da Unidade Básica de Saúde Vila Gaúcha, Porto Alegre. Avaliou-se a taxa de pacientes controlados com diabetes mellitus referido. A definição de controle foi estabelecida a partir dos valores da pressão arterial, hemoglobina glicada, circunferência abdominal e, ou, IMC. Entre 753 pessoas acima de 20 anos, 37 (4,9%; IC95% 3,4 – 6,5) referiram diabetes mellitus diagnosticado por médico. Foi possível realizar as medidas de controle em 31 (83,8%) pessoas. Os resultados mostraram 24 (77,4%) indivíduos apresentando níveis pressóricos alterados, 25 (80,6%) com IMC igual ou maior que 25 kg/m², 29 (93,5%) com circunferência abdominal acima da normalidade e 18 (58,1%) com hemoglobina glicada igual ou maior que 8%. Quanto aos indicadores de resultado utilizaram-se diagramas para análise dos fatores da taxa de pacientes controlados. Apenas um pacien / This study aimed to assess service condition process and results for people aged over 20 years, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and living in an area covered by the Unidade Básica de Saúde Vila Gaúcha (Vila Gaúcha Basic Health Unit), in the city of Porto Alegre. Disease control rate of interviewees with self-reported diabetes was assessed. Definition of this rate was established from arterial pressure values, glycosylated hemoglobin, abdominal circumference, and/or BMI. Of the 752 people aged over 20 years, 37 (4.9%; 95% CI 3.4 – 6.5) mentioned diabetes mellitus diagnosed by a doctor. Disease control rate measurements could be performed in 31 (83.8%) people. Results revealed 24 (77.4%) individuals with altered blood pressure levels, 25 (80.6%) with BMI equal to or above 25 kg/m², 29 (93.5%) with abdominal circumference above normal and 18 (58.1%) with glycosylated hemoglobin equal to or above 8%. In terms of result indicators, diagrams were used to analyze disease control rate factors. Only one patient was c

Introdução: Entre as lesões traumáticas, a lesão axonal difusa (LAD) tem sido apontada como a que ocasiona os piores desfechos. Destacam-se entre as consequências dessa lesão as mudanças comportamentais das vítimas que frequentemente rompem o equilíbrio em sua vida social e de seus familiares. Logo, conhecer as mudanças de comportamento dessas vítimas e os fatores relacionados foi relevante para contribuir para uma reabilitação adequada que facilitasse a reintegração das vítimas de LAD à sociedade, além de fundamentar uma melhor assistência aos familiares. Objetivos: Descrever as mudanças comportamentais das vítimas após LAD segundo informações de familiares, nos períodos de 3, 6 e 12 meses após o trauma, e identificar fatores associados a essas mudanças e a sua evolução. Método: Foram incluídas no estudo vítimas de LAD de 18 a 60 anos de idade, atendidas em hospital referência para lesões traumáticas na cidade de São Paulo e incluídas em serviço ambulatorial específico para seu tratamento. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectivo com três abordagens às vítimas e familiares: 3, 6 e 12 meses após LAD. Para avaliar as mudanças comportamentais foi aplicado um questionário elaborado para identificar tais mudanças segundo percepção de familiares. A diferença da pontuação na Escala Likert desse questionário, antes e após o trauma, permitiu identificar as mudanças comportamentais das vítimas. Foi aplicado o modelo de efeitos mistos para identificar as mudanças comportamentais significativas e o efeito do tempo na sua evolução. Esse modelo também foi utilizado para verificar associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas, gravidade da LAD e mudanças comportamentais. Resultados: Mudanças comportamentais desfavoráveis foram observadas na grande maioria dos participantes deste estudo (81,2% a 91,6%). Alterações favoráveis foram menos frequentes, apontadas em torno de 50% dos casos. Predominaram entre os comportamentos com mudanças desfavoráveis a irritabilidade, o esquecimento e a dependência, presentes em 54,6% dos casos, seguidos pela ansiedade (45,8%), depressão (39,6%) e oscilação de humor (31,2%). Quanto às mudanças favoráveis, foram mais frequentes a impulsividade (18,7%), a irritabilidade (16,7%), a oscilação de humor (16,7%) e o temperamento explosivo (14,6%). Entre antes e após o trauma, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p0,05) para ansiedade, dependência, depressão, irritabilidade, esquecimento e oscilação de humor. Para esses comportamentos, as médias da intensidade das alterações foram sempre negativas, evidenciando a tendência de mudança desfavorável após LAD. A análise da evolução desses comportamentos mostrou que as mudanças observadas após a lesão mantiveram-se na mesma intensidade até 12 meses após trauma. Na análise de fatores associados, observou-se relação entre depressão e renda per capita familiar mensal, bem como entre idade e irritabilidade. A gravidade da LAD se associou com dependência e com a evolução da ansiedade entre 3 e 12 meses após trauma. Conclusão: Mudanças comportamentais foram consequências muitíssimo frequentes para as vítimas de LAD e não foi notada melhora dessas alterações até 12 meses após lesão. A irritabilidade, o esquecimento e a dependência foram comportamentos alterados na maioria dos casos, gerando impacto negativo sobre a participação dos indivíduos na comunidade. A renda per capita familiar mensal, a idade e gravidade da LAD tiveram relação com as alterações comportamentais. / Introduction: Among traumatic injuries, diffuse axonal injury (DAI) has been reported as the one that causes the worst outcomes. Behavioral changes are consequences of this injury that frequently break the balance between victims social life and their families. Thus, learning about behavioral changes of these victims and the related factors was relevant to contribute to a suitable rehabilitation that facilitates the reintegration of the victims of DAI in the society besides providing a better assistance to relatives. Objectives: Describe behavioral changes of DAI victims according to relatives information in the periods of 3, 6 and 12 months after trauma and identify associated factors to these changes and its course. Method: The study included victims of DAI, aged between 18 and 60 years old, assisted in a referral hospital for traumatic injuries in Sao Paulo and included in specific ambulatory service for treatment. A prospective cohort study of three assessments was carried out with victims and relatives: 3, 6 and 12 months after DAI. To evaluate behavioral changes, a questionnaire was designed as per identify such changes according to the perception of family members. The difference in the Likert Scale Score based on this questionnaire, before and after trauma, lead to identify behavioral changes of the victims. The mixed effects model was used to identify significant behavioral changes and the effect of time on the evaluation. This model was also used to verify associations with sociodemographic variables, severity of DAI and behavior changes. Results: Unfavourable behavioral changes were observed in the majority of the participants of this study (81.2% to 91.6%). Favourable changes were less frequent, indicated in around 50% of the cases. Irritability, memory deficits and dependence were prevalent among the behaviours with unfavourable changes in 54.6% of the cases, followed by anxiety (45.8%), depression (39.6%) and liability of mood (31.2%). When it comes to favourable changes, impulsivity (18.7%), irritability (16.7%), liability of mood (16.7%) and explosive temperament (14.6%) were more frequent. Comparing before and after trauma, there was significant statistical difference (p0,05) in anxiety, dependence, depression, irritability, memory deficits and liability of mood. Regarding these behaviours the alterations in intensity means were always negative, demonstrating the tendency of unfavourable changes after DAI. The analysis of the evolution of these behaviours showed that the changes observed after injury remained at the same intensity up to 12 months post trauma. In the analysis of the associated factors, there was relationship between depression and monthly family per capita income, age and irritability, and the severity of DAI was associated to dependence and anxiety evolution between 3 and 12 months after trauma. Conclusion: Behavioral changes were frequent consequences for DAI victims and no improvement of these alterations was noticed until 12 months after injury. Irritability, memory deficits and dependence were changed behaviours in most cases, generating a negative impact on the participation of individuals in the community. Monthly per capita family income, age and severity of DAI were related to behavioral changes