Background. Visualizations are used in games to help players find and complete objectives, such as shooting all enemies or finding the hidden treasure. Different methods to do this involve outlines of various colors as well as markers floating above targets. To the best of the author’s knowledge, no research regarding how these outlines affect player performance exists. Objectives. The objective for this thesis is to find out how an outline around a target in a First Person Shooter game affects the accuracy and the shooting speed for the player. Methods. In order to collect the data a small game was developed where players completed two levels, where one had targets with outlines while the targets on the other level did not. The metrics for the experiment include time to shoot and distance from the center of the target to where the shot lands. Time to shoot is also used to get the time to re-shoot, if the previous shot missed the target. Results. The data collected during the experiment show that having an outline around a target lowers the time needed for players to shoot at it, both when it first shows up but also if the first shot missed and the player must shoot again. Having an outline also lowers the accuracy, with more misses and a longer distance from the point where a shot landed to the center of the targets. The results are statistically significant. Conclusions. Having outlines might help players find targets faster, at the cost of accuracy. However, more research is needed regarding the different aspects of the outline. / Bakgrund. Visualiseringar används i spel för att hjälpa spelare att hitta och slutföra objekt, så som att skjuta alla fiender eller hitta den gömda skatten. Olika metoder för att göra detta är bland annat outlines, en aura runt ett objekt, i olika färger och markörer som flyter ovanför mål. Dock så har det inte hittats någon forskning om hur dessa outlines påverkar spelarnas prestation. Syfte. Målet med denna tes är att ta reda på hur en outline runt ett mål i ett spel av genren First Person Shooter påverkar träffsäkerheten och skjuthastigheten för spelaren. Metod. För att samla ihop datan som behövdes utvecklades ett litet spel där spelare spelade två nivåer, där en hade outlines och den andra inte hade det. För att kunna jämföra resultatet används tiden till skott samt avståndet mellan målets mittpunkt och positionen där ett skott landade. Tiden till skott används även för att få tidenför att skjuta igen, om det förra skottet missade måltavlan. Resultat. Datan som samlades in under experimentet visar att om det finns en outline runt en måltavla minskade tiden som en spelare behövde för att skjuta, både när målet först dök upp och om första skottet missade och spelaren behövde skjuta igen. Att ha en outline minskade även träffsäkerheten hos spelarna, med fler missade skott och en längre sträcka från punkten där skottet träffade till mitten av målet. Datan är statistiskt signifikant. Slutsatser. Att ha outlines hjälper spelare att skjuta snabbare, till kostnad av en lägre träffsäkerhet. Dock behövs mer forskning gällande de olika aspekterna av outlines.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores and potrays various ways in which reading in Xhosa can be analyzed. Learners are encouraged to see the importance of reading so that they can produce an effective communication. A range of approaches will be employed to describe and analyze what the author or writer wants to deliver through his/her message. Various types of descriptions and analyses of texts are explored in order to demonstrate the importance of reading. Important proposals advanced by Davies (1995) in her framework of hierarchical levels of text analysis are employed in showing that Xhosa reading can be analyzed in terms of this framework. This study aims at demonstrating the success of adopting the Davies framework for the learning and teaching of reading in Xhosa. Different examples of articles are examined from the Xhosa Bona Magazines. Six articles about Tourism promotion are demonstrated in an analysis using Davies' (1995) hierarchical levels of describing and analyzing texts. The seven specific outcomes for the language, literacy and communication learning area as specified in the Outcomes-based education (OBE) curriculum are discussed in relation to the teaching and learning of reading. The tourism promotion articles used in demonstrating the learner - centered approach underlying outcomes-based teaching. One of the aims of the Outcomes-based curriculum is to enhance learner participation in learning language including reading. The teaching of this kind of reading skills necessitate an understanding of how learners respond and understand texts when reading. The analyses undertaken for the Xhosa texts are important, because they demonstrate the foundation for successful teaching and learning of reading in Xhosa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek en gee In voorstelling van verskillende wyses waarop leestekste in Xhosa ontleed kan word. In Verskeidenheid benaderings saloorweeg word in die beskrywing en analise van die inhoud wat die skrywer wil oordra in sy/haar skryfwerk. Verskillende tipes beskrywings en analises van tekste word ondersoek ten einde die belangrikheid van leesvaardigheid te demonstreer. Belangrike voorstelle soos aangetoon deur Davies (1995) in haar raamwerk van hiërargiese vlakke vir teksanalise word aangewend ten einde aan te toon dat Xhosa leestekste ontleed kan word in terme van dieselfde raamwerk. Hierdie studie het dus as doelstelling om die sukses te demonstreer van die aanvaarding van Davies se raamwerk in die onderrig en leer van leesvaardigheid in Xhosa. Verskillende voorbeelde van artikels word ontleed van die BONA tydskrif. Ses artikels oor toerisme promosie word gedemonstreer en ontleed in terme van davies se hiërargiese vlakke vir die beskrywing en analise van tekste. Die sewe spesifieke uitkomste van die taal, geletterdheid en kommunikasie leerarea soos gespesifiseer in die Uitkoms-gebaseerde onderwys kurrikulum word bespreek met betrekking tot onderrig en leer van leesvaardigheid. Een van die doelstellings van die uitkoms-gebaseerde kurrikulum is om leerders se deelname in die leerproses te vergroot, insluitende die leesproses. Die onderrig van hierdie tipe leesvaardighede noodsaak In begrip van hoe leerders tekste verstaan wanneer hulle lees. Die analises wat gedoen is en die studie is belangrik aangesien dit die basis demonstreer van suksesvolle onderrig en leer van leesvaardighede en Xhosa.

M.Ed. / It is the task of curricular planning and syllabus design in non-formal fields of education to make available to adults the possibilities for learning the language they need for the purposes for which they need it. A decisive answer should be found to the question about what type of syllabus or course would be able to provide for the real operation needs of adult learners, to translate these needs into learning objectives and at the same time justify the semantic and structural components of the target language...

The problem of using a state adopted textbook written to apply to a large body of students with varying interests and needs was overcome by using a detailed syllabus that arranged course content in a meaningful sequence that appealed to student interest. The outlined syllabus prepared a two semester life science curriculum to be used by the teacher to guide lesson planning. Both semesters were divided into three units each. Materials included in the syllabus were given to actual student groups in real classroom settings. Since hands on learning was an important part of classroom instruction, two laboratory sections were included in the appendices to be used with the syllabus.

The purpose of this study was to determine topics being taught by power technology instructors in Texas and to develop a curriculum from these topics. This curriculum was meant to be a guide for a power technology course for the ninth grade. Questionnaires were distributed to power technology instructors in Texas. The topics from these questionnaires which instructors indicated they were teaching or they believed should be included in instructional content were made a part of the power technology curriculum. It was concluded most topics mentioned were in use or were indicated important to a comprehensive curriculum.

This study surveyed teachers of industrial plastics and personnel of the plastics industry to evaluate an industrial-plastics curriculum guide. The respondents felt that there was no unnecessary material in the guide, that additional information should be added to several of the plastics processes in the curriculum guide, and that most of the subject areas in the guide should be studied for no less than an hour and no more than five hours.

The purpose of this syllabus is to provide a working copy to those teachers of the advanced placement biology course taught at the high school level. Reference materials used were the Texas Education Agency ( TEA ) approved Campbell text Biology and the College Board's, Advanced Placement Biology Laboratory Manual. The syllabus is divided into major topics with outlined notes and includes laboratory exercises as recommended by the College Board. The AP biology course is intended to be equivalent to college biology. College freshman biology courses can differ among colleges and among teachers within the same college. This syllabus is intended to serve as an aid to AP teachers, to cover the topics and experiments as set out by the College Board, and to the high school student, the necessary material to successfully complete the AP examination while providing freshman biology equivalence.

In July of 1999, I wrote to 24 Texas junior and community colleges (and one four-year institution) describing my thesis agenda of a general biology lecture and laboratory syllabus for introductory biology students. I requested the titles and authors of the general biology textbooks and laboratory manuals they were currently using, the publishers of these texts, and the edition of said texts. I then contacted publishers of the various textbooks who, in turn, directed me to the Dallas-area representatives for further inquiries. I assimilated the various authors' general biology topics into a two-semester syllabus of lecture and one semester of laboratory. The document is not a text manuscript, but an all-inclusive listing of a general biology syllabus broken down by subject.

M.Com. (Economics) / The objective of the thesis was to examine the creation of a generally acceptable international unit of account as a precondition for the establishment of a more orderly international monetary system. The payments problem over the national boundary has for centuries baffled the brains and wits of the world's foremost economists, bankers and politicians. The high level of abstraction of the international monetary phenomenon, and the dynamics and geo-politics involved, tend to conceal the essence of the variables at work. The evolution of the international monetary system would thus seem to have trailed the evolution of the national monetary systems by almost two centuries. As recently as the twenties of this century the essence of the international monetary system was still sought in gold, a commodity that could never accommodate the growing payments needs of the world economy, especially at times when events such as wars and technological innovation acted as powerful catalysts expediting the course of events between nations. The use of the key currencies, especially the British pound sterling and the US-dollar, as instruments for international payment could not work for any length of time ...

M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies) / Please refer to full text to view abstract