Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1990. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [143]-147).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Washington University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-235).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-102).

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O objetivo à avaliar a freqÃÃncia e o tamanho de anorretocele em mulheres adultas com evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, correlacionando-os com paridade, idade e parÃmetros clÃnicos, utilizando cinedefecografia e eletromanometria. Foram avaliadas 45 mulheres adultas, com idade mÃdia de 46,3 anos (23-73) e sintomas de evacuaÃÃo obstruÃda, com escore mÃdio de 13,3 (6-23) pontos, segundo o Sistema de ClassificaÃÃo da Cleveland Clinic para ConstipaÃÃo (SCCC-C). Os parÃmetros avaliados foram idade, dados obstÃtricos, escore do, SCCC-C, dados manomÃtricos e achados de cinedefecografia.. Quinze (33,3%) pacientes eram nulÃparas, 7 (15,6%) primÃparas e 23 (51,1%) multÃparas, com mÃdia de 2,8 (0-11) partos vaginais por paciente. Dezoito (60,0%) pacientes haviam sido submetidas a parto vaginal com episiotomia, sendo verificado feto macrossÃmico em 14 (46,7%) e aplicaÃÃo de fÃrcipe em duas (6,7%) . Foi observada hipertonia esfincteriana em 14 (31,1%) e hipotonia em 8 (17,8%) pacientes. Foi identificado anismus em 13 (28,9%) pacientes. Foram demonstradas anorretoceles em 34 (75,6%) pacientes com tamanho (TAR) mÃdio de 24,8 mm (0 - 64). Foram verificados descenso perineal mÃvel acentuado (DPM) em 36 (80%) pacientes, prolapso mucoso (PM) em 17 (37,8%) e intussuscepÃÃo reto-anal (IRA) em doze (26,7%). NÃo houve correlaÃÃo entre anorretocele e hipertonia esfincteriana (p = 0,7171), anismus (p = 0,4666), IRA (p = 0,6991), PM (p= 0,2279), paridade comparando-se nulÃparas e multÃparas (p =1,000), episiotomia (p = 1,0000), uso de fÃrcipe (p = 1,0000), parto de feto macrossÃmico (p = 1,0000). NÃo houve correlaÃÃo entre TAR e PMR (p = 0,0883), PVM (p = 0,7327), paridade (p = 0,4987) e idade (p = 0,8603). Houve correlaÃÃo entre anorretocele e DPM (p = 0,0275), escore de constipaÃÃo do SCCC-C (p = 0,0082) e hipotonia esfincteriana (p = 0,0141). Conclui-se que a freqÃÃncia de anorretocele foi elevada, nÃo se correlacionou com paridade e idade, associando-se com hipotonia esfincteriana, DPM e constipaÃÃo. / The aim of this study is to analyse the frequence of anorectocele in adult women with obstructed defecation accordind to parity and age by means of cinedefaecography and anorectal eletromanometry. Forty-five adult women complaining of obstructed defecation were evaluated, with mean age of 46.3 years (23-72) and mean SCCC-C score of 13.3 points (6-23). Fifteen (33.3%) patients were nulliparous, seven (15,6%) primiparous and 23 (51,1%) multiparous, with mean parity per patient of 2.8 (0-11), considering only vaginal deliveries. Eighteen (60%) had a history of episiotomy, fourteen (46,7%) delivered macrossomic children and two (6,7%) had history of forceps-assisted delivery. Anal hipertony was verified in fourteen (31,1%) patients, while anal hipotony was present in eight (17,8%). Anismus was identified in thirteen (28,9%) patients. Anorecoceles were demonstrated in 34 (75,6%) patients, with mean size (TAR) of 24,8 mm (0-64). Thirty-six (80%) patients presented excessive perineal descent (DPM), rectal mucosal prolapse (PM) in 17 (37,8%) and rectoanal intussusception (IRA) in twelve (26,7%). There were no correlations between anorectocele and anal hipertony (p = 0,7171), anismus (p = 0,4666), IRA (p= 0,6991), PM (p = 0,2279), parity comparing nulliparous and multiparous patients (p = 1,000), episiotomy (p = 1,0000), forceps assistance (p = 1,0000) and delivery of macrossomic children (p = 1,0000). There were also no correlation between TAR and PMR (p =0,0883), PVM (p = 0,7327), parity (p = 0,4987) or age (p = 0,8603). There were correlations between anorectocele and DPM (p = 0,0275), score of SCCC-C (p =0,0082) and anal hipotony (p = 0,0141). In conclusion, anorectocele frequence is high and doesnât correlate to parity, age but correlates to anal hipotony, DPM andconstipation.

Let E be an elliptic curve defined over the rationals Q, and p be a prime at least 5 where E has multiplicative reduction. This thesis studies the Iwasawa theory of E over certain false Tate curve extensions F[infinity], with Galois groupG = Gal(F[infinity]/Q). I show how the p[infinity]-Selmer group of E over F[infinity] controls the p[infinity]-Selmer rank growth within the false Tate curve extension, and how it is connected to the root numbers of E twisted by absolutely irreducible orthogonal Artin representations of G, and investigate the parity conjecture for twisted modules.

This research investigates the characteristics of Parity Time symmetry breaking in two optically coupled, time delayed semiconductor lasers. A theoretical model is used to describe the controllable parameters in the experiment and intensity output of the coupled lasers. The PT parameters we control are the spatial separation between the two lasers, the frequency detuning, and the coupling strength. We find that the experimental data agrees with the predictions from the theoretical model confirming the intensity behaviors of the lasers, and the monotonic change in PT-threshold as a function of coupling scaled by the time delay. <br>

No description available.

Background: Obesity is now considered to be a global epidemic and gene-environment interaction studies are crucial to understanding the genetic architecture of this disease. The objectives of this research were to (1) review the current evidence of gene-environment interactions in the field of obesity, (2) examine the interactions between obesity predisposing gene variants and physical activity using precise physical activity data and (3) analyze a novel gene-environment interaction between obesity predisposing gene variants and multiple pregnancies. Methods: The data for the gene-environment interaction analyses were collected from the EpiDREAM study: a prospective cohort including participants of six ethnic backgrounds from 21 countries worldwide. A subset of 17 423 participants with complete genotype and phenotype information was included in the analysis. Obesity predisposing single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed independently and as a genetic risk score. General linear models were used to analyze all main effects and interactions. Results: Physical activity interacted with FTO rs9939609 to modulate BMI (Pinteraction=0.032) and BAI (Pinteraction=3.26 x 10-4). Increased physical activity attenuated the impact of FTO on obesity. Four SNPs displayed significant associations with physical activity: NTRK2 rs1211166 (P=0.015), BDNF rs6265 (P=0.007), BDNF rs1401635 P=0.003) and NPC1 rs1805081 (P=3.52 x 10-4). Multiple pregnancies was significantly associated with BMI (Pinteraction=1.17 x 10-5) BAI (Pinteraction=3.47 x 10-7) and also interacted with FTO rs9939609 to modulate BMI (Pinteraction=0.014). The impact of FTO on BMI was accentuated by multiple pregnancies in the EpiDREAM cohort. Discussion: Both physical activity and parity have a significant impact on obesity measures and these effects appear to be relevant on a global scale. Our results confirm the physical activity x FTO interaction in a multi-ethnic context and indicate that parity may also interact with FTO polymorphisms. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)