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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Stochastic equilibria in a general class of incomplete Brownian market environments

Zhao, Yingwu 12 July 2012 (has links)
This dissertation is a contribution to the equilibrium theory in incomplete financial markets. It shows that, under appropriate conditions, an equilibrium exists and is unique in a general class of incomplete Brownian market environments either composed of exponential-utility-maximizing agents or populated by a class of convex-risk-measure-minimizing agents. We first use the Dynamic Programming Principle to deduce the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation for each agent, and solve the individual optimization problem, to identify the optimal control. Using the optimal portfolio, we establish the equivalence between the existence of a stochastic equilibrium in an incomplete Brownian market and solvability of a non-linearly coupled parabolic PDE system with a homogeneously-quadratic non-linear structure. To solve this PDE system, we work mainly in anisotropic Hölder spaces. There, we construct a proper class of Hölder subspaces, where potential solutions to the equilibrium PDE system are expected to “live”. These turn out to be convex and compact under the uniform topology, thanks to the help of an Arzela-Ascoli-type theorem for unbounded domains. We then define an approapriate functional on the subspace, and show that, if we choose the parameters associated with the subspace carefully, this functional maps the subspace back to itself. After that, we apply Schauder’s fixed point theorem on a constructed subset of the subspace, and establish the existence of solutions to the PDE system, therefore equivalently, the existence of market equilibria in these general incomplete Brownian market environments. To prove the uniqueness of the solution to the parabolic PDE system, we utilize classical L2-type energy estimates and the Gronwall’s inequality. This way, we also establish the uniqueness of a market equilibrium within a class of smooth Markovian markets. / text
2

Structure de variété de Hilbert et masse sur l'ensemble des données initiales relativistes faiblement asymptotiquement hyperboliques / Hilbert manifold structure and mass on the set of weakly asymptotically hyperbolic relativistic initial data

Fougeirol, Jérémie 30 June 2017 (has links)
La relativité générale est une théorie physique de la gravitation élaborée il y a un siècle, dans laquelle l'univers est modélisé par une variété Lorentzienne (N,gamma) de dimension 4 appelée espace-temps et vérifiant les équations d'Einstein. Lorsque l'on sépare la dimension temporelle des trois dimensions spatiales, les équations de contrainte découlent naturellement de la décomposition 3+1 des équations d'Einstein. Elles constituent une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour pouvoir considérer l'espace-temps N comme l'évolution temporelle d'une hypersurface Riemannienne (m,g) plongée dans N avec une seconde forme fondamentale K. Le triplet (m,g,K) constitue alors une donnée initiale solution des équations de contrainte dont on note C l'ensemble. Dans cette thèse, nous utilisons la méthode de Robert Bartnik pour établir la structure de sous-variété de Hilbert de C pour des données initiales faiblement asymptotiquement hyperboliques, dont la régularité peut être reliée à la conjecture de courbure L^{2} bornée. Les difficultés inhérentes au cas faiblement AH ont nécessité l'introduction de deux opérateurs différentiels d'ordre deux et l'obtention d'estimées de type Poincaré et Korn pour ces opérateurs. Une fois la structure de Hilbert obtenue, nous définissons une fonctionnelle masse lisse sur la sous-variété C et compatible avec nos conditions de faible régularité. L'invariance géométrique de la masse est étudiée et montrée, modulo une conjecture en faible régularité relative au changement de cartes au voisinage de l'infini. Enfin, nous faisons le lien entre les points critiques de la masse et les métriques statiques. / General relativity is a gravitational theory born a century ago, in which the universe is a 4-dimensional Lorentzian manifold (N,gamma) called spacetime and satisfying Einstein's field equations. When we separate the time dimension from the three spatial ones, constraint equations naturally follow on from the 3+1 décomposition of Einstein's equations. Constraint equations constitute a necessary condition,as well as sufficient, to consider the spacetime N as the time evolution of a Riemannian hypersurface (m,g) embeded into N with the second fundamental form K. (m,g,K) is then an element of C, the set of initial data solutions to the constraint equations. In this work, we use Robert Bartnik's method to provide a Hilbert submanifold structure on C for weakly asymptotically hyperbolic initial data, whose regularity can be related to the bounded L^{2} curvature conjecture. Difficulties arising from the weakly AH case led us to introduce two second order differential operators and we obtain Poincaré and Korn-type estimates for them. Once the Hilbert structure is properly described, we define a mass functional smooth on the submanifold C and compatible with our weak regularity assumptions. The geometrical invariance of the mass is studied and proven, only up to a weak regularity conjecture about coordinate changes near infinity. Finally, we make a correspondance between critical points of the mass and static metrics.

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