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The influence of the outflow of the Pearl River on the waters of the South China Sea : with special reference to the phosphate and nitrate content /Chau, Yiu-kee. January 1961 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1961. / Type-written copy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-104).
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A comprehensive analysis of terrestrial hydrological processes over the Pearl River basin in South ChinaNiu, Jun, 牛俊 January 2010 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
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Evaluation of pearl millet forageHassanat, Fadi M. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.). / Written for the Dept. of Animal Science. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/05/09). Includes bibliographical references.
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The mechanism of osteoinduction by nacre : effects of soluble proteins and insoluble matrix /Ni, Ming, January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-181).
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The prolamins of pearl millet /Ricks, Christian B., January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-32).
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Performing the past sea music in the Arab gulf states /Ulaby, Laith, January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-209).
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Response of pearl millet inbreds and hybrids to inoculation with Spirillum lipoferumBouton, Joseph H. January 1977 (has links)
Thesis--University of Florida. / Description based on print version record. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-42).
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Nutritional, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of a pearl millet-based instant beverage powderObilana, Anthony Olusegun 02 September 2014 (has links)
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctrate Degree in Technology: Food Technology - Durban University of Technology, 2013. / A pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) based instant beverage powder (PMIBP) was prepared from two different varieties of pearl millet (Agrigreen (AgG) and Babala (Ba)) by a combination of malting and extrusion cooking. The millet grains were germinated (30oC and 98% RH for 36 h), kilned (50oC for 48 h), cooled to room temperature, ground and stored in a chiller at 5oC until used. The raw and malted pearl millet grains were extruded under different parameters to accommodate the types of pre-treatment applied to the pearl millets. Combination processing of the pearl millet grain was achieved by extrusion of malted pearl millet of both varieties individually, and as a mixture of raw and malted pearl millet (50:50). The effect of the processing methods on the physical, functional, nutritional and biochemical properties of the raw and processed pearl millets varieties were evaluated. Combination processing led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in total fat and total dietary fibre (TDF) (3.85 and 22.99 g/100 g, respectively) content of AgriGreen (AgG) extruded malted pearl millet (EMPM); a decrease in TDF (18.12 g/100 g) content of AgG extruded raw pearl millet-malted pearl millet mix (ERPMMPM). Combination processing led to a decrease in ash, total fat, total dietary fibre, Fe and Zn (1.76, 3.48, 14.26 g/100 g, 7.78 and 4.74 mg/100 g, respectively) content of Babala (Ba) EMPM. It also led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in ash, total fat, TDF, Fe and Zn (1.88, 4.22, 21.71 g/100 g, 7.24 and 4.14 mg/100 g, respectively) content of Ba ERPMMPM. Regardless of the pearl millet variety, malting led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in moisture, total, saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, total dietary fibre iron, zinc and protein digestibility; a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in total carbohydrates, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (TEAC) and water solubility index. Extrusion however, led to a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in total dietary fibre, zinc, total phenolic content and protein digestibility; a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in ash, total, saturated and monounsaturated fats, total carbohydrates, iron, starch digestibility water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI). The beverages of 10% total solids (8% pearl millet + 2% sugar for taste) prepared from the processed pearl millet were offered to an untrained consumer panel consisting of students and staff of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, under similar sets of conditions in a sensory evaluation room at the Food Technology Department. The following characteristics of the products were rated and scored on a 9-point hedonic scale (1 – like extremely and 9 – dislike extremely): appearance, colour, aroma, flavour, mouth-feel and overall acceptability. In general, Ba RPM was rated 4 - like slightly, and AgG malted pearl millet (MPM) was rated 6 - dislike slightly and all other pearl millet samples from both varieties were rated 5 - neither like nor dislike.
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Genetic enhancement of pearl milletO'Kennedy, Martha Margaretha 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was toe stablish a reliable protocol for the production 0 f transgenic
pearl millet as this will open new avenues for augmenting the gene pool of this crop. This
was achieved by identifying a highly regenerabie genotype and optimisation of a tissue
culture system, and biolistic protocol f or stable integration of selected transgenes. Both a
negative, herbicide resistance selectable marker gene, bar, and a positive selectable marker
gene, manA, were individually introduced in order to identify and establish a reliable
transformation protocol. The optimised transformation protocol was then used to introduce an
antifungal gene in the genome of pearl millet to enhance resistance to the biotrophic fungus
Sclerospora graminicola. S. graminicola, an obligate oomycetous fungal phytopathogen, is
the causal agent of downy mildew in pearl millet plants and a major constraint in the
production of pearl millet. A single component of antifungal resistance was introduced into
the genome of pearl millet, as preliminary work towards determining its role in the total plant
defence system. The approach chosen was to introduce a hydrolytic enzyme, 13-1,3-
glucanase, from Trichoderma atroviride (formerly T. harzianum), a soil-borne filamentous
fungus, capable of parasitizing several plant pathogenic fungi. It was anticipated that
introducing this glucanase gene from T. atroviride which degrades glucan in the fungal cell
walls, would significantly contribute to the improvement of resistance against downy mildew.
Constructs were prepared containing the gene (gluc78) encoding a 78 kDa beta-1,3-
glucanase. The constructs were prepared containing the gluc78 gene driven either by a
strong constitutive promoter (ubiquitin promoter, exon and intron) or a wound inducible
promoter, the potato proteinase inhibitor ilK gene promoter. The wound inducible promoter
includes either an AMV leader' sequence or the rice Act1 intron to obtain higher expression
levels in the monocotyledonous plant. The transformation efficiency using the particle inflow
gun and the herbicide resistance gene, bar, was improved from 0.02% on a MS based
medium, to 0.19 or 0.72% with manA as selectable marker gene on MS or L3 based
medium, respectively. However, individual experiments, introducing manA as selectable
marker gene, resulted in frequencies of 1.2 and 3%. This translated to one transformation
event per plate, which contains on average 31-35 pre-cultured immature zygotic embryos.
This is the first report of t he successful introduction and expression of a 13-1,3-glucanase
encoding gene from a biocontrol fungus not only under constitutive expression but also under
wound inducible expression in a plant. Optimisation of genetic engineering of pearl millet, a
cereal crop recalcitrant to transformation, and the introduction of an antifungal transgene,
was accomplished in this study. Initial results hint that expression of this transgene enhances
resistance to S. graminicola. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om 'n betroubare genetiese transformeringsprotokol vir pêrel
manna te ontwikkel. Hiervoor moes eerstens 'n regenereerbare genotipe geidentifiseer
word. Twedens moes 'n betroubare weefselkultuur en biolistiese transformeringssisteem
ontwikkel word. Beide die onkruiddoder bestandheidsgeen, bar, en 'n positiewe selektiewe
geen, manA, is vir die doel van die projek onafhanklik in die genoom van pêrel manna in
gekloneer. Die optimale sisteem is vervolgens aangewend om 'n geen wat potensieël
verbeterde bestandheid teen die biotrofiese swam Sclerospora graminicola wat donsige
meeldou by plante veroorsaak, in pêrel manna in te kloneer. 'n Enkele komponent van
bestandheid is in die genetiese material van pêrel manna in gekloneer as inleidende werk
om die rol van hierdie geen in die totale verdedigingsisteem te bepaal. Die benadering wat
gekies was, behels die klonering van 'n hidrolitiese ensiem 13-1,3-glukanase, van
Trichoderma atroviride (voorheen T. harzianum), 'n grondgedraagde swam, wat op 'n aantal
ander plantpatogene fungus kan parasiteer. Die verwagting is dat klonering van hierdie 13-
1,3-glukanase geen van T. atroviride wat die glukaan verteer in die selwande van swamme,
'n groot verbetering tot die bestandheid teen donsige meeldou sal meebring. Konstrukte is
voorberei wat die gluc78 geen bevat wat kodeer vir die 78 kDa beta-1,3-glukanase protein.
Die konstrukte wat voorberei is bevat die gluc78 geen geinduseer deur of 'n sterk konstituwe
promoter (ubiquitin promoter, exon en intron) of deur 'n wond geinduseerde promoter, die
aartappel proteinase inhibeerder ilK geen promoter. Hierdie promoter word gevolg deur of 'n
AMV leier volgorde of die rys Act1 intron om verhoogde uitdruk vlakke in monokotiele plante
te verseker. As die partikel invloei geweer in kombinasie met die
onkruiddoderbestandheidsgeen gebruik word, was die doeltreffendheid van transformasie
0.02% op 'n MS gebasseerde groeimedium. 'n Transformasie doeltreffendheid van
onderskeidelik 0.19 en 0.72% is verkry wanneer die manA as selektiewe geen gebruik is op
MS of L3 gebasseerde medium. Twee individual eksperimente, waar die manA geen as
selektiewe geen gebruik is, het gelei tot 'n transformasie doeltreffendheid van 1.2 of 3%. Dit
gee 'n gemiddelde van een transformasie per plaat wat 31 tot 35 voorafgekweekte
onvolwasse embrios bevat. Hierdie is d ie eerste verslag van d ie suksesvolle klonering en
uitdrukking van 'n 13-1,3-glukanasekoderende geen van 'n swam wat as 'n biologiese
beheeragent gebruik word. Hierdie is nie alleenlik onder konstitutiewe uitdrukking nie, maar
ook 0 nder wond g einduseerde u itdruk in' n p lant. In hierdie studie is die 0 ptimisering van
genetiese verbetering van pêrel manna, 'n graan gewas wat gehard is teen transformasie,
deur die klonering van 'n bestandheidsgeen in die genoom van hierdie gewas gedoen.
Aanvanklike resultate dui daarop dat die uitdruk van hierdie geen lei tot verbeterde
bestandheid teen S. graminicola.
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Chemometrics, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of pearl millet beverage produced with bioburden lactic acid bacteria pure culturesRatau, Mmaphuti Abashone January 2018 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Food Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage produced using isolated and purified cultures of bioburden lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Traditional non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (TNAPMB) was produced through spontaneous fermentation. The slurry was fermented for 36 h at 37°C while monitoring the microbial growth at 3 h interval. LAB were grown on deMan, Rogosa and Sharpe agar and identified using Vitek 2 system. The initial numbers of LAB were 7.04 log cfu/ml and increased to 8.00 log cfu/ml after 21 h. The beverage was
dominated by LAB and contaminants and their survival was in succession. LAB from the genera Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus were the main fermenting species in TNAPMB. Pearl millet extract (PME) was produced by hydrating pearl millet flour (PMF) with water (1:10, PMF:Water). To the mixture sprouted rice flour (10%), ground ginger (10%) and pectin (0.6%) were added. Stable PME was used in the production of plain non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (PNAPMB). PME was pasteurized at 98°C for 30 min, hot filled and cooled to 25°C. The fluid was inoculated with
Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Enterococcus gallinarum each at 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1%, respectively, using factorial design and fermented for 18 h at 37°C. The pH of the beverage ranged between pH 3.32 and pH 3.90. L. mesenteroides, P. pentosaceus, E. gallinarum, the interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus and the interaction between L. mesentoroides and E. gallinarum had a significant effect (p ˂ 0.05) on the pH of PNAPMB except the interaction between P. pentosaceus and E. gallinarum (p = 0.631). The total titratable acidity (TTA) of the beverage ranged from 0.50 to 0.72%. All cultures had a significant influence (p ˂ 0.05) on the TTA of the beverage with the exception of the interaction between L. mesenteroides and E. gallinarum (p = 0.102). However, Monte Carlo simulation showed that E. gallinarum caused an increase in the pH and a decrease in the TTA of the beverage. During fermentation, the pH of the beverage is desired to decrease while the TTA increases, hence E. gallinarum was removed. The interaction between L. mesenteroides and P. pentosaceus at 0.05% and 0.025%, respectively produced an acceptable PNAPMB with potential for commercialization. Furthermore, moringa supplemented non-alcoholic pearl millet beverage (MSNAPMB) was produced by adding 4% of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder extract during the production of PNAPMB. The physicochemical, nutritional, microbial (LAB) and sensory characteristics of the PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB were determined. LAB were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the fermentation period and increased from 3.32 to 7.97 log cfu/ml and 3.58 to 8.38 log cfu/ml in PNAPMB and SNAPMB, respectively. The pH of PNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 4.14 while the pH of MSNAPMB decreased from pH 5.05 to pH 3.65 during the 18 h fermentation. The growth of LAB during fermentation had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the pH of the beverages. The TTA increased from 0.14 to 0.22% and increased from 0.17 to 0.38%, in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively. The TTA of the beverage was affected significantly (p < 0.05) by the 18 h of fermentation. The protein content was 1.62, 2.17 and 1.50% in PNAPMB, MSNAPMB and TNAPMB, respectively. PNAPMB sample was deemed acceptable in comparison to the MSNAPMB. The total colour difference (ΔE) was 5.91 and 10.60 in PNAPMB and MSNAPMB, respectively in comparison to the TNAPMB. Volatile compounds with beneficial effect such
as anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogenic properties were identified in the beverages. Principal component analysis indicated that the variations in characteristics of PNAPMB and MSNAPMB could be explained using total fat, saturated fat, total sugar, ash, moisture, proteins, chroma (C), hue and b*. The results showed that isolated pure cultures could be used as starter cultures in the production of non-alcoholic cereal beverages at a commercial level with predictable quality and safety properties.
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