Fighting Power: Interpretive Issues The 1st Provisional Marine Brigade, 1950 Hammes, Thomas Xavier Lincoln College Submitted for Doctor of Philosophy in History Trinity Term 2008 When the Korean War broke out on 25 June 1950, the Marine Corps was ordered to deploy an air-ground brigade from California in less than ten days. Due to five years of massive budget and manpower cuts, the Marine Corps did not have even a brigade immediately available. The only way to meet the sailing timeline was to organize, man and equip the force while actually embarking it. As it embarked, the brigade had to incorporate marines flown in from posts all over the western United States; draw equipment from war reserves held hundreds of miles away; reorganize many of the existing units under new tables of organization; and add an experimental helicopter detachment from the east coast of the United States. Despite these enormous handicaps and numerically superior enemy forces, the brigade won every engagement. This performance was in stark contrast to the performance of all other US forces at this stage of the war. The brigade’s brief existence (7 July to 6 Sept 1950), combined with its exceptional combat record under adverse conditions, provides the opportunity to study the impact of institutional culture, education, doctrine, organization, training and leadership on performance in combat. Research showed that a key element of the brigade’s success was the Marine Corps’ institutional culture. In particular, the culture of remembering ensured marines understood the unchanging aspects of war and provided its men with the education, training, doctrine and organization to cope with its enduring friction, fog and chance. At the same time, the culture of learning ensured the marines understood what was changing in the character and tools of war so the brigade was well adapted to the realities of modern war from its first day in combat.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / BACKGROUND: Plaster models form an integral part of the traditional orthodontic records. They are necessary for diagnosis and treatment planning, case presentations as well as for the evaluation of treatment progress. The accuracy of the measurements taken for space assessment is crucial prior to treatment planning. The introduction of digital models overcomes some problems experienced with plaster models. Digital models have shown to be an acceptable alternative for plaster models. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of traditional measurement techniques when compared to the CAD/ CAM measurements in the assessment of tooth widths and arch perimeter from plaster models. METHOD: The mesio-distal tooth widths and arch perimeter of thirty archived plaster models were measured using a digital caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm and divider to the nearest 0.1 mm. Corresponding digital models were produced by scanning them with a CAD/CAM (InEos X5) and space analysis completed by measurements using InEos Blue software. Measurements were repeated after 1 week from the initial measurement. The methods were compared using descriptive analysis (mean difference and standard deviation). RESULTS: The operator reliability was high for digital models as well as the plaster models when the measurement tool was the digital caliper (analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient in the paired t-test). The mean values of tooth widths measurements of CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider were 6.82 (±0.04), 6.94 (± 0.04) and 7.11 (± 0.04). There was a significant difference between the measurements made by the CAD/CAM and the divider. Additionally significant differences between the measurements by digital caliper and divider measurements (p < 0.05) were observed. No significant difference was found when comparing CAD/CAM to digital caliper. Positive correlation was displayed between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and the divider, but the measurements completed with the digital caliper had the highest correlation with the CAD/CAM. The difference was not significant between the aforementioned measurement tools (p > 0.05). Arch perimeter measurements showed no statistical significant difference between CAD/CAM, digital caliper and divider (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Archived plaster models stored as records can be converted to digital models as it will have the same accuracy of measurements. The value of doing a space analysis with the CAD/CAM system can be performed with similar reliability on the digital models as a caliper on plaster models.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho tem como foco a anÃlise refl exiva sobre o processo de transferÃncia da gestÃo do PerÃmetro Irrigado Morada Nova, no perÃodo compreendido entre 2004 e 2007, momento em que ocorre a implantaÃÃo do Plano Plurianual do Governo Federal para o quadriÃnio 2004-2007. à neste Plano Plurianual que se insere o Programa 1038 â TransferÃncia da GestÃo dos PerÃmetros PÃblicos de IrrigaÃÃo, estabelecendo diretrizes para transferir, em definitivo, a gestÃo do governo para os usuÃrios do sistema de irrigaÃÃo. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho envolveu uma pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e uma documental, incluindo pesquisa de campo, envolvendo os irrigantes do PerÃmetro Irrigado Morada Nova, localizado no municÃpio de Morada Nova, Estado do CearÃ, por representar um espelho de todos os perÃmetros implantados na dÃcada de setenta; e consulta a documentos ofi ciais, complementados com relatos tÃcnicos. O estudo permitiu compreender que o processo da transferÃncia da gestÃo avanÃou na recuperaÃÃo das infraestruturas, mas deixou a desejar um trabalho de apropriaÃÃo das tÃcnicas metodolÃgicas deste processo junto a comunidade dos usuÃrios do sistema de irrigaÃÃo. Este estudo possibilitou, tambÃm, identifi car a exclusÃo significativa de irrigantes pela nÃo participaÃÃo e envolvimento no processo da transferÃncia da gestÃo. / This study focuses on the refl ective analysis on the process of transferring the management of the Irrigated Perimeter Morada Nova in the period between 2004 and 2007, when it occurs in the implementation of Plan Plurianual of the Federal Government for the 2004-2007 quadrennium. It is in this Plan Plurianual which the Program 1038 - Transfer of Public Management of the Lengths of Irrigation, establishing guidelines for transfer, ultimately, the management of the government to users of the irrigation system. The methodology used in this study involved a literature search and a documentary, including fi eld research involving irrigating of the Perimeter Irrigated Morada Nova, to represent a mirror of all perimeters implanted in the decade of seventy, and consultation with offi cial documents, complemented with technical reports . The study could understand that the process of transferring advanced management in the recovery of infrastructure, but no longer want to work for an appropriation of methodological techniques of this process with the community of users of the irrigation system. This study has also, identify the significant exception of not irrigating the participation and involvement in the process of transfer of management.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho objetivou a realizaÃÃo de uma anÃlise integrada do atual uso dos recursos naturais dos perÃmetros irrigados de Ayres de Sousa (PIAS) e Araras Norte (PIAN), localizados na Bacia do Acaraà a norte do Estado do CearÃ, atravÃs do desenvolvimento de um Ãndice de sustentabilidade agroecolÃgica, validado a partir de uma pesquisa transversal baseada em dados de questionÃrios tipo âcross-overâ aplicados aos produtores agrÃcolas beneficiados pelos respectivos projetos de irrigaÃÃo. Aplicou-se uma amostragem exploratÃria, adotando um modelo de amostragem nÃo probabilÃstico, obtendo uma populaÃÃo amostral de 48 questionÃrios para o perÃmetro irrigando Ayres de Sousa e 30 questionÃrios para o perÃmetro irrigado Araras Norte. A populaÃÃo residente à formada exclusivamente de agricultores veteranos, em sua maioria possuem mais de cinco anos na atividade agrÃcola; no perfil familiar representativo observa-se como Ãnica atividade de renda, a agricultura, um nÃmero de filhos superior a dois e baixo grau de alfabetizaÃÃo, um pouco mais elevado no PIAN. NÃo à comum o uso de prÃticas de conservaÃÃo do solo como: consÃrcios, cobertura morta ou rotatividade de cultura; ou adoÃÃo de medidas de controle quanto ao uso de Ãgua. Medidas de conservaÃÃo ambiental como coleta do lixo domiciliar e Ãrea de preservaÃÃo sÃo consideradas inexistentes ou de baixa eficiÃncia. A aplicaÃÃo de defensivos agrÃcolas à feita sempre com o uso do aplicador costal, sem respeitar as normas mÃnimas de seguranÃa quando ao uso de Equipamento de ProteÃÃo Individual (EPI). O mÃtodo dos componentes principais foi utilizado como forma de agregaÃÃo dos indicadores de estado da sustentabilidade para se chegar a um Ãndice de sustentabilidade. Estabeleceu-se ainda uma relaÃÃo causal entre os indicadores das forÃas condicionantes e o Ãndice de sustentabilidade estimado que permitisse avaliar as necessidades ou insuficiÃncia de recursos advindos da populaÃÃo prejudiciais ao agroecossistema presente. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que os perÃmetros gozam de um estado de sustentabilidade fragilizada, sendo que o PIAN apresentou uma melhor situaÃÃo em termos de estado mÃdio da sustentabilidade contraposto com os resultados do PIAS, porÃm ambos apresentam sustentabilidade comprometida. Do ponto de vista de cada tipo de indicador em separado, o confronto dos dados, que gerou o indicador da Bacia do Rio AcaraÃ, apresenta uma situaÃÃo aparentemente inesperada onde 69,00% das unidades do PIAS sÃo consideradas ainda sustentÃveis contra apenas 40,43% das unidades do PIAN, ficando subjugado o resultado anterior de cada perÃmetro (54,6% para o PIAS e 76,6% para o PIAN).

The spatial frequency doubling illusion (FDI) occurs when the contrast of a low spatial frequency sinusoidal grating is modulated at high temporal frequencies – its apparent spatial frequency increases. Earlier suggestions were that the FDI is generated by a specific class of retinal ganglion cells, which are preferentially lost in the early stages of glaucoma. Based on this linking theory, frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) was developed and several clinical reports confirmed its high efficiency in diagnosing early glaucomatous vision loss. However, this linking theory is not universally accepted and newer suggestions posit that the illusion arises because of temporal frequency related difficulties in temporal phase encoding ability. This thesis psychophysically examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of both the FDI and temporal phase encoding ability with achromatic and equi-luminant (both red-green (RG) and blue-yellow (BY)) gratings at a range of spatiotemporal parameters including those eliciting the FDI. (For complete abstract open document)

<p>In this work suitable habitats for hazel grouse (<i>Bonasa bonasia</i>) were identified using ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA). The results from ENFA reveal that hazel grouse utilize a different and more restricted niche than what is generally available in the study area. When a landscape is fragmented the amount of edge increases, which is negative for many species and thus will affect the amount of available area. The perimeter-area ratio was used to analyze the relative importance of geometric shape. In order to estimate a correlation between incidence of hazel grouse and landscape features census data and land cover maps were analyzed with logistic regression models. It is concluded that hazel grouse is tied to coniferous forest and avoid open areas. However, the result indicates that there is a scale effect that should be considered. The amount of edge in a landscape seems to be important and shape of patches could be a better measure in metapopulation dynamics. In this study the Incidence function model was used to estimate occupancy levels and capacity of a landscape to sustain a metapopulation according to four different area measurement scenarios. Results from the simulations indicate that perimeter-area related measures of patch size combined with capacity could be a more important measure for estimation of population dynamics compared to a basic area measurement. Using a landscape genetic approach, hazel grouse genetic structure, neighbourhood size and dispersal distance were estimated. Genetic estimates of dispersal were in concordance with previous ecological estimates. The results indicate evidence of a population structure reminiscent of what has been found in many other Scandinavian animals with a basic north-south divide. No evidence was found that geographic and environmental structures affected gene flow and dispersal patterns for the hazel grouse.</p>

In this work suitable habitats for hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia) were identified using ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA). The results from ENFA reveal that hazel grouse utilize a different and more restricted niche than what is generally available in the study area. When a landscape is fragmented the amount of edge increases, which is negative for many species and thus will affect the amount of available area. The perimeter-area ratio was used to analyze the relative importance of geometric shape. In order to estimate a correlation between incidence of hazel grouse and landscape features census data and land cover maps were analyzed with logistic regression models. It is concluded that hazel grouse is tied to coniferous forest and avoid open areas. However, the result indicates that there is a scale effect that should be considered. The amount of edge in a landscape seems to be important and shape of patches could be a better measure in metapopulation dynamics. In this study the Incidence function model was used to estimate occupancy levels and capacity of a landscape to sustain a metapopulation according to four different area measurement scenarios. Results from the simulations indicate that perimeter-area related measures of patch size combined with capacity could be a more important measure for estimation of population dynamics compared to a basic area measurement. Using a landscape genetic approach, hazel grouse genetic structure, neighbourhood size and dispersal distance were estimated. Genetic estimates of dispersal were in concordance with previous ecological estimates. The results indicate evidence of a population structure reminiscent of what has been found in many other Scandinavian animals with a basic north-south divide. No evidence was found that geographic and environmental structures affected gene flow and dispersal patterns for the hazel grouse.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Covenant Theological Seminary, 2000. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-241).

The spatial frequency doubling illusion (FDI) occurs when the contrast of a low spatial frequency sinusoidal grating is modulated at high temporal frequencies – its apparent spatial frequency increases. Earlier suggestions were that the FDI is generated by a specific class of retinal ganglion cells, which are preferentially lost in the early stages of glaucoma. Based on this linking theory, frequency doubling perimetry (FDP) was developed and several clinical reports confirmed its high efficiency in diagnosing early glaucomatous vision loss. However, this linking theory is not universally accepted and newer suggestions posit that the illusion arises because of temporal frequency related difficulties in temporal phase encoding ability. This thesis psychophysically examines the spatiotemporal characteristics of both the FDI and temporal phase encoding ability with achromatic and equi-luminant (both red-green (RG) and blue-yellow (BY)) gratings at a range of spatiotemporal parameters including those eliciting the FDI. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (D. Min.)--Covenant Theological Seminary, 2000. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-241).