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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
61

Investigacao do efeito de moleculas auto-organizaveis na resistencia a corrosao da liga de aluminio 1050 / Investigation on the of effect of self assembling molecules on the corrosion resistance of the 1050 aluminum alloy

SZURKALO, MARGARIDA 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
62

Amélioration du comportement au feu des élastomères silicones pour des applications en câblerie / Improved fire behavior of silicone elastomers for electric cable applications

Boissezon, Rémi 17 December 2014 (has links)
Les silicones possèdent naturellement d'excellentes propriétés au feu. Ils dégagent peu de chaleur et ne produisent pas de composés toxiques en brulant. Cependant, pour leur utilisation en câblerie de sécurité, il est nécessaire d'améliorer la cohésion des cendres et diminuer l'opacité des fumées produites par leur combustion. Aussi, dans le cadre de ce travail, plusieurs additifs phosphorés ont été incorporés dans une formulation silicone modèle pour générer du charbonnement. Quel que soit le composé phosphoré introduit, le comportement au feu a été dégradé du fait d'une diminution de la stabilité thermique du silicone. De plus, la cohésion des résidus n'a pas été améliorée par ces composés. C'est pourquoi des verres de bas point de ramollissement et des borates ont été testés dans un second temps. Sur l'ensemble de ces nouveaux essais, seul un verre en particulier a permis d'augmenter la cohésion des cendres mais celui-ci a également dégradé le comportement au feu en déstabilisant thermiquement le silicone. L'objectif de la réduction de la quantité de fumées dégagée a été atteint en générant un effet barrière grâce à la dispersion d'un talc de haut facteur de forme. Cet effet barrière a également permis de diminuer le débit calorifique et d'augmenter la quantité de résidus finaux sans cependant augmenter la cohésion des cendres. La combinaison de ce même talc avec le cyanurate de mélamine nous a permis d'obtenir la classification V-0 au test UL-94. L'effet barrière du talc a été conservé mais est légèrement perturbé par le dégagement gazeux de l'additif azoté. Une optimisation de la formulation serait intéressante à mener pour conserver la classification V-0 et un effet barrière optimum. / Silicones exhibit excellent fire properties. They do not release toxic products and release a low rate of heat when they burn. However, to be used as wires for safety devices, they need greater ashes cohesion and they have to release less smoke during combustion. To that end, many phosphorus compounds have been introduced in a model silicone formulation to generate a charring layer. Whatever the phosphorous compound introduced in formulations, the fire behavior was deteriorated and the silicone thermal stability decreased. Moreover, the residue cohesion was not improved by these compounds. Hence, glass frits with low melting points and borates based compounds were tested in a second step. Just one particular glass frit was able to improve the ashes cohesion but the fire behavior was impaired by a decrease of the silicone thermal stability.The objective in term of decrease of smoke release was achieved by the dispersion of a high aspect ratio talc able to generate a barrier effect. This barrier effect also permitted to decrease the total heat release and mass loss. Unfortunately, ashes cohesion was not improved by this talc. In combination with melamine cyanurate, this talc succeeded to reach the V-0 classification according to the UL-94 test. The talc still imparts a barrier effect but it was slightly disturbed by the gaseous release of nitrogen compound. An optimization of the formula could be interesting to preserve the V-0 classification and an optimum barrier effect.
63

Comparação da marcação de diversos fosfonatos: MDP, EDTMP e clodronato com sup(188)Re / Comparison of labeling various phosphonates: MDP, EDTMP and clodronate with sup(188)Re

BARBEZAN, ANGELICA B. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
64

Investigacao do efeito de moleculas auto-organizaveis na resistencia a corrosao da liga de aluminio 1050 / Investigation on the of effect of self assembling molecules on the corrosion resistance of the 1050 aluminum alloy

SZURKALO, MARGARIDA 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tratamentos de superfície são técnicas amplamente utilizadas com a finalidade de aumentar a resistência à corrosão de materiais metálicos. No caso específico do alumínio e ligas de alumínio, o tratamento com cromo hexavalente é um dos processos mais utilizados. Isso, em razão da eficiência e da facilidade de aplicação desse processo. Entretanto, em virtude de restrições ambientais e do elevado custo de tratamento de resíduos gerados neste processo, métodos alternativos para sua substituição vêm sendo avaliados. Neste contexto, o presente estudo investigou o processo de formação e proteção à corrosão fornecida por filmes de moléculas autoorganizáveis de compostos à base de fosfonatos sobre a liga de alumínio 1050. Para definir as condições do tratamento foram utilizadas medidas de condutividade e de ângulo de contato, juntamente com ensaios eletroquímicos. Técnicas eletroquímicas, especificamente: medidas de variação do potencial a circuito aberto (PCA), espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e polarização potenciodinâmica foram utilizadas para avaliar a proteção à corrosão. Os diagramas experimentais de impedância foram interpretados utilizando circuitos elétricos equivalentes que simulam modelos do filme de óxido que se forma na superfície da liga. Os resultados fornecidos com a liga tratada com moléculas auto-organizáveis foram comparados com resultados obtidos em iguais condições com amostras da liga sem qualquer tratamento ou cromatizada com Cr(VI) e mostraram que o tratamento com moléculas auto-organizáveis aumenta significativamente a resistência à corrosão da liga e apresenta, em determinadas condições, desempenho próximo ao fornecido pelo processo de cromatização. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
65

Comparação da marcação de diversos fosfonatos: MDP, EDTMP e clodronato com sup(188)Re / Comparison of labeling various phosphonates: MDP, EDTMP and clodronate with sup(188)Re

BARBEZAN, ANGELICA B. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A grande aplicação dos radiofármacos está em medicina nuclear diagnóstica representando 95% dos procedimentos realizados, porém, nos últimos anos, tem crescido consideravelmente a sua aplicação em procedimentos terapêuticos. Os radionuclídeos que emitem particulas ionizantes (α, β e elétrons Auger) são indicados para tratamento de tumores. Tumores malignos são responsáveis por aproximadamente 12% dos óbitos e representam a terceira causa de mortalidade no Brasil. O 188Re é um dos mais atrativos radioisótopos para uma variedade de aplicações terapêuticas em medicina nuclear, oncologia e intervenções cardiológicas, é totalmente favorável e conveniente pelo fato de que ele é livre de carregador e pode ser obtido de forma econômica na forma de um gerador de 188W/188Re, além de possuir uma meia-vida fisica de 16,9 horas e 100% de emissão de radiação β-. A partir da década de 2000 vêm sendo realizadas diversas investigações envolvendo marcações de moléculas com 188Re. Os tumores metastáticos são a forma mais comum de malignidade esquelética. Em casos metastáticos os principais objetivos do tratamento são a prevenção de fraturas patológicas e promover a sobrevida com o máximo de preservação de função permitindo que o paciente mantenha o máximo possível de mobilidade e controle da dor. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a comparação das marcações de diversos fosfonatos (Metileno disfofonato de Sódio MDP, Ácido Etilenodiaminotetrametilenofosfônico EDTMP, e do diclorometilenobifosfonato de sódio - Clodronato) com 188Re para terapia de metastáses ósseas. Fosfonatos são inibidores da reabsorção óssea osteoclástica e são efetivos neste tratamento. As marcações do MDP, EDTMP e Clodronato com 188Re foram otimizadas utilizando como agente redutor o cloreto estanoso (SnCl2 2H2O) e como agente estabilizante o ácido ascórbico. As variáveis estudadas foram massa do ligante, massa do SnCl2.2H2O, massa do ácido ascórbico, tempo, pH e temperatura da reação. Os resultados mostraram que se obteve um excelente rendimento de marcação de 98% para o 188Re-MDP, de 83% para o 188Re-EDTMP e 85% para o 188Re-Clodronato. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
66

Isolamento e caracterização de bactérias degradadoras de acefato. / Isolation and characterization of acephate degrading bacteria.

Góes, Karina Paschoal 29 May 2009 (has links)
Quatro linhagens capazes de crescer com acefato foram isoladas a partir de solos com históricos de aplicação de deste composto. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhodococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. e Pandoreae sp. foram identificadas através do rDNA 16S e perfil de ácidos graxos de membrana. Rhodococcus sp. foi o isolado mais eficiente na degradação de acefato, removendo 99.24% deste composto em meio de cultura com acefato como única fonte de carbono. Quando avaliado com acefato como fonte combinada de carbono e nitrogênio, este organismo degradou 19% de acefato com formação de metamidofós (17%). Staphylococcus sp. apresentou 21% de degradação de acefato utilizando-o como fonte de carbono e nitrogênio, mas não manteve o crescimento com este composto como fonte de carbono. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia e Pandoreae sp. não mantiveram crescimento com acefato como única fonte de carbono isoladamente. Estas linhagens apresentaram crescimento em acefato como fonte de nitrogênio e enxofre, porém, as análises de GC/MS demonstraram que não houve degradação nestas condições. / Four strains of microorganisms capable of growth on acephate were isolated from soil samples with a history of acephate application. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhodococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pandoreae sp. were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fatty acid profiling. Rhodococcus sp. was the most efficient acephate degrader of the isolates, it removed 99.24% of acephate from defined growth media when the compound was provided as sole carbon source. When provided as a combined carbon and nitrogen source, the organisms degraded 19% of acephate with formation of methamidophos (17%). Staphylococcus sp. degraded 21% of acephate when provided as sole nitrogen and carbon source but did not grow on the compound as a sole source of carbon. Pandoreae sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia failed to grow on acephate as sole source of carbon in defined medium. These strains grew in media where the pesticide was provided as a combined nitrogen and carbon source, but no acephate biodegradation could be demonstrated in these instances.
67

A procura de bactérias degradadoras de metamidofós. / Searching for methamidofos degrading bacteria.

Cardona, Diana Maria Chica 27 September 2011 (has links)
O metamidofós é um inseticida organofosforado altamente tóxico por ser um forte inibidor da acetilcolinesterase, sendo utilizado em diversas culturas para o controle de pragas. Há poucas informações sobre a biodegradação deste composto disponíveis na literatura. Foram isoladas e caracterizadas 12 bactérias a partir de amostras de solo e água de uma área contaminada com metamidofós, as quais mostraram inicialmente capacidade de degradar o pesticida, utilizando-o como fonte de enxofre/nitrogênio e fósforo/enxofre. Estes isolados foram identificados por métodos de biologia molecular e pela caracterização do perfil lipídico da célula como pertencentes aos gêneros, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas e Curtobacterium. Ensaios preliminares da cinética de degradação do metamidofós por GC/MS evidenciaram o consumo do pesticida pelas bactérias isoladas. A retomada destes ensaios após alguns meses de armazenamento em glicerol a -80ºC resultou na perda da capacidade de biodegradação do composto-alvo por causas não-identificadas. Fatores que podem ter contribuído para este resultado negativo incluem eventual perda de plasmídeos com partes das vias de biodegradação ou interferentes utilizados na estabilização do metamidofós. / Methamidophos is a strong acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and, therefore, a very toxic organophosphorus insecticide. This product has been widely employed for pest control in a variety of cultures, but little information is available about its biodegradation. 12 bacteria were isolated and characterized, from water and soil samples obtained from a site contaminated with methamidophos, which in preliminary tests showed the ability to degrade methamidophos, using it as a combined source of sulfur/nitrogen and/or phosphorus/sulfur. These isolates were identified by molecular biology methods and by characterization of its fatty acids profile as members of the genus Serratia, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas and Curtobacterium. The ability to biodegrade the compound was lost after prolonged storage at -80ºC for unknown reasons. It was hypothesized that this negative result may have occurred due to loss of plasmids or by interference of products used in the stabilization of commercial methamidophos formulations.
68

Isolamento e caracterização de bactérias degradadoras de acefato. / Isolation and characterization of acephate degrading bacteria.

Karina Paschoal Góes 29 May 2009 (has links)
Quatro linhagens capazes de crescer com acefato foram isoladas a partir de solos com históricos de aplicação de deste composto. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhodococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. e Pandoreae sp. foram identificadas através do rDNA 16S e perfil de ácidos graxos de membrana. Rhodococcus sp. foi o isolado mais eficiente na degradação de acefato, removendo 99.24% deste composto em meio de cultura com acefato como única fonte de carbono. Quando avaliado com acefato como fonte combinada de carbono e nitrogênio, este organismo degradou 19% de acefato com formação de metamidofós (17%). Staphylococcus sp. apresentou 21% de degradação de acefato utilizando-o como fonte de carbono e nitrogênio, mas não manteve o crescimento com este composto como fonte de carbono. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia e Pandoreae sp. não mantiveram crescimento com acefato como única fonte de carbono isoladamente. Estas linhagens apresentaram crescimento em acefato como fonte de nitrogênio e enxofre, porém, as análises de GC/MS demonstraram que não houve degradação nestas condições. / Four strains of microorganisms capable of growth on acephate were isolated from soil samples with a history of acephate application. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Rhodococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pandoreae sp. were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fatty acid profiling. Rhodococcus sp. was the most efficient acephate degrader of the isolates, it removed 99.24% of acephate from defined growth media when the compound was provided as sole carbon source. When provided as a combined carbon and nitrogen source, the organisms degraded 19% of acephate with formation of methamidophos (17%). Staphylococcus sp. degraded 21% of acephate when provided as sole nitrogen and carbon source but did not grow on the compound as a sole source of carbon. Pandoreae sp. and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia failed to grow on acephate as sole source of carbon in defined medium. These strains grew in media where the pesticide was provided as a combined nitrogen and carbon source, but no acephate biodegradation could be demonstrated in these instances.
69

Growth and characterization of CVD Ru and amorphous Ru-P alloy films for liner application in Cu interconnect

Shin, Jinhong, 1972- 29 August 2008 (has links)
Copper interconnect requires liner materials that function as a diffusion barrier, a seed layer for electroplating, and an adhesion promoting layer. Ruthenium has been considered as a promising liner material, however it has been reported that Ru itself is not an effective Cu diffusion barrier due to its microstructure, which is polycrystalline with columnar grains. The screening study of Ru precursors revealed that all Ru films were polycrystalline with columnar structure, and, due to its strong 3D growth mode, a conformal and ultrathin Ru film was difficult to form, especially on high aspect ratio features. The microstructure of Ru films can be modified by incorporating P. Amorphous Ru(P) films are formed by chemical vapor deposition at 575 K using a single source precursor, cis-RuH₂(P(CH₃)₃)₄, or dual sources, Ru₃(CO)₁₂ and P(CH₃)₃ or P(C6H5)₃ The films contain Ru and P, which are in zero-valent states, and C as an impurity. Phosphorus dominantly affects the film microstructure, and incorporating > 13% P resulted in amorphous Ru(P) films. Metastable Ru(P) remains amorphous after annealing at 675 K for 3 hr, and starts recrystallization at ~775 K. The density of states analysis of the amorphous Ru(P) alloy illustrates metallic character of the films, and hybridization between Ru 4d and P 3p orbitals, which contributes to stabilizing the amorphous structure. Co-dosing P(CH)₃ with Ru₃(CO)₁₂ improves film step coverage, and the most conformal Ru(P) film is obtained with cis-RuH2(P(CH₃)₃)₄; a fully continuous 5 nm Ru(P) film is formed within 1 µm deep, 8:1 aspect ratio trenches. First principles density functional theory calculations illustrate degraded Cu/Ru adhesion by the presence of P at the interface, however, due to the strong Ru-Cu bonds, amorphous Ru(P) forms a stronger interface with Cu than Ta and TaN do. Cu diffusion studies at 575 K suggests improved barrier property of amorphous Ru(P) films over polycrystalline PVD Ru.
70

Synergism between N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphorus-based ligands in ruthenium and palladium catalytic systems

Schmid, Thibault E. January 2012 (has links)
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become a very popular class of ligands, which has found uses in numerous catalytic applications. The use of such compounds in combination with phosphorus-based ligands within metal complexes has enabled the design of very active yet robust catalytic systems. The following chapters will describe the design of novel well-defined palladium- and ruthenium-based pre-catalysts featuring a NHC and a phosphorus-based ligand, referred at as mixed ligand systems. Such species were employed in catalysis where their properties appeared highly beneficial, uses at low catalysts loading and under harsh conditions were then envisioned. The preparation of a series of well-defined palladium mixed NHC/phosphine species is presented in chapter 2. Their catalytic activity in the aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of aryl chlorides and boronic acids, using low catalyst loadings, is described. The observation of catalytic activity of the latter systems in the hydration of nitriles prompted us to further investigate this reactivity. This reaction appeared to be operative in the absence of palladium species and could be performed under base-catalysed conditions, which was studied in detail and depicted in chapter 3. The combination of a NHC and a phosphite ligand in ruthenium olefin metathesis pre-catalysts has been underexplored. Preliminary results showed that such species could be readily prepared and presented an unusual geometry and a high catalytic activity. Variations in phosphite-containing ruthenium olefin metathesis pre-catalysts are presented. Chapter 4 describes the investigation of various Schrock carbene moieties in such architectures, as well as their implications in structure and catalysis. Chapter 5 depicts attempts to design olefin metathesis Z-selective pre-catalysts by inserting a chelating NHC moiety within phosphite-containing ruthenium species. This dissertation concludes on the potential of such mixed species in catalysis, and armed with the new knowledge provided by this work, proposes potential developments of such chemistry in the design of always more robust and active catalytic systems.

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