Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 119 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-109). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-94).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-220).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-227).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1982. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 414-426).

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Retreating glaciers and ice sheets provide a significant contribution to sea level rise, which will affect future populations and their activities. Accurate sea level projections are needed in order to best inform policy makers, but these projections are limited by our understanding of dynamical change at marine-terminating glaciers. Terrestrial time-lapse photography has proved to be a viable approach for obtaining high-detail observational records, and is used here to examine signals of dynamical change at two tidewater glaciers in Svalbard. Photogrammetric measurements were extracted using PyTrx (`Python Tracking'), a new photogrammetry toolbox that has been developed here for deriving velocities (e.g. glacier surface velocity), surface areas (e.g. supraglacial lake area, surfacing plume area), and line distances (e.g. terminus profiles). PyTrx has been created as a Python-alternative photogrammetry software, and offers additional functionality to the typical monoscopic feature-tracking toolboxes that are currently available. Subglacial hydrology and its relation to basal sliding were examined at Kronebreen, Svalbard. The results revealed a difference in flow efficiency between the north and south regions of the glacier tongue, which influences spatial patterns in surface velocities. Long-term changes in ice flow were concluded to be controlled by the location of effcient and inefficient drainage, and the position of regions where water is stored and released. Changes in terminus conditions and calving processes were examined at Tunabreen, a surge-type tidewater glacier. Observations suggested that atmospheric forcing plays a larger role in terminus stability than previously considered, and it is likely that terminus dynamics at Tunabreen are the product of a unique interplay between oceanic and atmospheric forcing which are shaped by the glacier's surge-type nature. Additionally, calving activity at Tunabreen can be characterised as high-frequency, low-magnitude events, and a high proportion of its long-term calving activity can be attributed to the rate of under-cutting at the terminus. In all, these studies demonstrate that long-term changes in glacier dynamics are dictated by the small changes in basal and terminus conditions, and how they vary from year-to-year. Future research now needs to be directed towards understanding how small-scale processes vary over multiple melt seasons, in order to establish how they operate at longer timescales. PyTrx provides an appropriate basis to continue this work and expand the capabilities of the toolbox.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:49:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ishibashi_r_me_prud.pdf: 3398859 bytes, checksum: c138349e6667c9ab0e1ce3188d54bcaf (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Nesta pesquisa é proposta uma metodologia automática para a extração de segmentos de rodovia em imagens aéreas ou orbitais de diferentes resoluções (baixa, média e alta resolução). A metodologia é baseada no conceito generalizado de linhas em imagens digitais, pelo qual as linhas podem ser descritas por feições simétricas entre duas bordas paralelas. No caso específico de imagens de baixa resolução, onde as rodovias manifestam-se como entidades de 1 ou 2 pixels de espessura, as linhas coincidem com as próprias rodovias. Neste caso, a metodologia baseou-se nas seguintes etapas: Realce da malha viária; Aquisição dos limiares de histerese; Detecção de linhas com seleção automática de escala, utilizando o conceito de bordas paralelas; Limiarização por comprimento e Extração das linhas poligonais representando segmentos de rodovia através de algoritmos de poligonização. Em imagens de média e alta resolução as rodovias manifestam-se como faixas estreitas e alongadas e, conseqüentemente, o alvo de extração torna-se o eixo de simetria de cada rodovia. Neste caso, não é necessária apenas a primeira etapa da metodologia proposta para imagens de baixa resolução. Os resultados obtidos na avaliação experimental mostram, de forma geral, que o método proposto atendeu todos os critérios estabelecidos para a extração eficiente de segmentos de rodovias em cenas rurais, proporcionando resultados satisfatórios, de maneira inteiramente automática. / In this research an automatic methodology is proposed for road segment extraction in aerial or satellite imagery in different resolutions (low, medium and high resolution). The methodology is based on the generalized concept of lines in digital images, by which lines can be described as center lines between two parallel edges. In specific case of low resolution images, where roads manifest as features of 1 or 2 pixels wide, lines representations coincide with the own roads. In this case, the methodology is based on the following steps: Road network enhancement; Acquisition of the thresholds of histerese; Road detection using the concept of parallel edges; Threshold by the line length criteria; and Polygon extraction representing road segments by polygonization algorithms. In medium and high resolution images roads manifest as narrow and elongated strips and, consequently, the extraction goal becomes the symmetric axis of each road. In this case, it is not necessary only the first step of the methodology proposed for images of low resolution. The results obtained in the experimental estimation indicate, in general form, that the proposed method met all the criteria established for the efficient extraction of road segments in rural scenes, providing satisfactory results, in a completely automatic way.

Orientador: Aluir Porfírio dal Poz / Resumo: A obtenção de informações a partir da extração de feições em fotos aéreas e imagens de satélite é um dos principais objetivos da nova tecnologia de automação em Fotogrametria Digital. Este trabalho propõe a extração de rodovias, e a conexão de segmentos de rodovias extraidos por outros extratores de feições, utilizando modelos de contorno ativo ou snakes. Snakes foi introduzido há quase duas décadas e consiste em uma curva representada parametricamente e controlada por injunções fotométricas e geométricas: fotométricas, chamadas de força da imagem que atraem a curva snakes para a feição a ser extraída (rodovia); geométricas, geradas pelas forças internas que controlam a forma da curva snakes garantindo sua suavidade. Por ser um método de extração semi-automático, inicialmente o operador deve descrever a rodovia de maneira grosseira utilizando no mínimo seis pontos sementes. A partir desta posição inicial a curva snakes evolui a cada iteração fazendo com que a mesma se posicione sobre a borda da rodovia (feição a ser extraída) onde sua energia é minimizada. O método snakes foi implementado em linguagem C e testado na extração e conexão de segmentos de rodovia em imagens de alta (pixels menores 0.7m), média (pixels entre 0.7m e 2.0m) e baixa (pixels maiores 2.0m) resolução, mostrando-se bastante eficiente em todos os casos, mesmo na presença de obstáculos que perturbam o perfeito delineamento da rodovia. Através da extração de bordas de rodovia, em imagens de alta e média resolução, foi gerado um eixo interpolado e comparado com o eixo de referência utilizado para avaliação. Utilizando avaliações visuais e numéricas foi possível comprovar a boa acuracia do processo de extração e conexão de segmentos utilizando snakes. / Abstract: Obtaining information from the extraction of aspects from aerial photographs and satellite images is one of the main purposes of the new technology in Digital Photogrammetry. This study proposes extracting roads and linking the segments of the extracted roads by means of other extractors of aspects, by using models of active contour, or snakes. Snakes was introduced almost two decades ago, and it consists in a parametrically represented curve, controlled by photometric and geometric injunctions: photometric injunctions, called image power, that attract the snakes curve for the aspect to be extracted (road); geometric injunctions, generated by internal powers that control the shape of the snakes curve, thus insuring its smoothness. As it is a semi-automatic extraction process, the operator shall initially describe the road roughly, using at least six seed points. From this initial position, the snakes curve evolves at each iteration, placing itself over the road edge (aspect to be extracted), where its power is minimized. The snakes method was implemented in language C and tested in the extraction and link of road segments in images of high resolution (pixels lower than 0.7m), medium resolution (pixels between 0.7m and 2.0m) and low resolution (pixels higher than 2.0m), and it turned out to be very efficient in both cases, even in the presence of obstacles that disturb the perfect road outlining. With the extraction of road edges in high and medium resolution images, one interpolated axis was generated, and it was compared to the reference axis used in the evaluation. By using visual and numerical evaluations, it was possible to prove the accuracy provided by the process of extraction and link of segments that uses the snakes method. / Mestre