Orientador: Renato Giuseppe Giovanni Terzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:52:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Toneloto_MariaGabrielaCavicchia_M.pdf: 2138095 bytes, checksum: 18b0cb653b2350620f763efb13a4c9d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O trabalho realizado em modelo experimental de fístula broncopleural (FBP) visou avaliar os efeitos fisiológicos de uma válvula de oclusão inspiratória (VOI), identificando qual a modalidade ventilatória, o volume corrente ideal e o emprego da PEEP sobre o débito da fístula e de variáveis respiratórias e hemodinâmicas. Foram estudados cinco porcos da linhagem Large White com pulmões normais e peso médio de 25 kg. Todos os animais foram anestesiados, intubados e curarizados. Após controle inicial, foi realizada toracotomia esquerda com a retirada da língula pulmonar, expondo um brônquio de aproximadamente 4 mm, de diâmetro. A seguir, o tórax foi drenado com um sistema em selo d¿água e, posteriormente, fechado. Os animais foram ventilados com volumes correntes de 4 ml/kg, 7 ml/kg e 10 ml/kg, no respirador BIRD 8400, na modalidade controlada, nos modos volume (VCV) e pressão controlados (PCV), associadas ou não à válvula de oclusão inspiratória, associando ou não a PEEP de 10 cmH2O. Foi mantida a freqüência respiratória fixa em 22 ciclos por minuto, a FiO2 em 0,4 e a relação I:E em torno de 1:2. A mecânica respiratória (CO2SMO Plus Dixtal/Novametrix®), variáveis hemodinâmicas (Swan-Ganz) e hemogasométricas (IL-1604), arteriais e venosas mistas, foram registradas nos dois modos ventilatórios (VCV e PCV), antes e após a aplicação de cada tratamento, a saber: VCV ou PCV + ZEEP; VCV ou PCV + PEEP; VOI + ZEEP (VCV ou PCV); VOI + PEEP (VCV ou PCV). Baseados nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que, neste modelo experimental, o melhor ajuste ocorreu com VC de 10ml/kg associado à VOI com ZEEP. Os modos ventilatórios não foram diferentes. A PEEP, mesmo com volumes correntes baixos, reduz a ventilação alveolar e aumenta o débito da fístula. A PEEP, associada ao modelo de VOI estudado, interfere significativamente com a estabilidade hemodinâmica / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate, in an experimental bronchopleural fistula (BPF) model, the effects of an inspiratory occlusion valve (IOV), identifying the ideal tidal volume and the effect of PEEP on the fistula output and on the respiratory and hemodynamic variables. Five Large White pigs with normal lungs with a mean weight of 25 kg were studied. All animals were anesthetized, intubated and paralyzed with curare. After stabilization, a left thoracotomy was performed and the resection of the lingula exposed a bronchial stump of approximately 4 mm in diameter. The chest wall was hermetically closed with underwater seal drainage. The animals were mechanically ventilated with tidal volumes off 4 ml/kg, 7 ml/kg e 10 ml/kg (BIRD 8400) in Volume Controlled (VCV) and Pressure Controlled (PCV) ventilation, associated, or not, to an IOV, alternating ZEEP and PEEP of 10 cmH2O. Respiratory rate was kept at 22 rpm, FiO2 at 0.4 and the I:E ratio around 1:2. Respiratory mechanics (CO2SMO Plus Dixtal/Novametrix®), hemodynamics (Swan-Ganz catheter) and blood gas parameters (IL-1604) were recorded in both ventilatory modes before and after each treatment: 1 ZEEP; 2. PEEP; 3. IOV + ZEEP; 4. IOV + PEEP. Based on our findings we conclude that, in this experimental model, the best ventilatory strategy was a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg associated with the inspiratory occlusion valve + ZEEP. No difference was observed between VCV and PCV. PEEP, even at low tidal volumes, reduces alveolar ventilation and increases fistula output. PEEP, associated with IOV, significantly interferes with hemodynamic stability / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

Between 1973 and 1975, 21 outbreaks of ASF were confirmed in the endemic area of the northern Transvaal after an interval of 10 years in which the disease was silent. The new series of outbreaks coincided with the isolation, for the first time in South-Africa, of two HAd- strains of ASF virus. The first of these virus isolates, Lillie-148, was obtained from swine which, judging from circumstantial evidence, had been infected by a warthog carrier of virus. The pigs on the farm were affected by a form of disease with a lower pathogenicity than that observed in previous epidemics. The second HAd- strain 24823 was obtained from a case from which neither clinical nor pathological observations were available. From the results of the biological tests carried out at the laboratory, however, it was deduced that the disease in the field may have had a chronic course. When the carrier status of populations of the argasid tick Ornithodoros moubata collected from warthog burrows was investigated, it was found that the situation in South Africa is analogous to that in East Africa. Twenty five per cent of burrows were found to be infected; the mean infective titres of the tick suspensions varied between 104,5 and 105,2 BCHAd50 and the mean percentage of infected argasids varied between 1,62 and 3,45. Infected ticks were also found in the Marico district, which is adjacent to the endemic area, but ASF has never been recorded there. From tick suspension TS237, showing both delayed and reduced haemadsorbing effect in huffy coat cell cultures, a HAd population of ASF virus was segregated. From these observations it was inferred that ASF virus may mutate from the HAd+ to the HAd- form in the primary virus reservoir. Furthermore, the virus appears to be evolving towards less pathogenic forms irrespective of prior adaptation of the infectious agent to domestic stock under the epidemiological conditions prevailing in South Africa. During this investigation it was found that LLC-MK2 cell cultures were susceptible to ASF virus. Cytopathic effects were observed in primary isolation and peak infectivity coincided with complete destruction of the cell monolayers, attained after three to four serial passages. The sensitivity of LLC-MK2 cells for estimating the virus content of porcine tissues was in two instances comparable to that of huffy coat cells, but in another three cases it was 100 to 1000 times lower. It was concluded that LLC-MK2 cells were a suitable complement to huffy coat cultures for the cultivation of ASF virus, particularly for HAd- isolates. After 35 to 45 serial passages in LLC-MK2 cells the HAd+ strains of ASF virus lost their haemadsorbing characteristics. A similar mutation, but more gradual, was also observed in huffy coat cell cultures. The feasibility of plaque production was studied in LLC-MK2 cell monolayers. Plaques were obtained with all the strains studied, irrespective of their adaptation to LLC-MK2 or buffy coat cells when 0,4% Agarose was used as a solidifying agent. The diameter of plaques ranged from 0,3 to 3,0 mm and this characteristic was unrelated to the haemadsorbing properties of the strains used. Plaque technique was successfully used to detect the presence of HAd- virus particles in HAd+ populations by subculturing selected virus-plaques into buffy coat cultures. The results of biological tests suggested that HAd strains have a reduced virulence which can vary within broad limits. The experience with strain Lillie-148 and 24823 showed that either acute or chronic or subclinical disease can follow infection of pigs with these isolates of virus. The results obtained with the two virus populations of strain TS237 emphasized the different degree of patho-genicity between HAd+ and HAd- virus. While the former was responsible for a peracute or acute form of disease, the latter produced chronic or subclinical infections. In pigs mild forms of ASF also developed following the inoculation of HAd+ strains obtained after serial passages in cell cultures. It was concluded that haemadsorption and pathogenicity are two characteristics that are not linked and can be modified independantly. AFRIKAANS : Gedurende die tydperk 1973-1975 het Afrikaansevarkpes (AVP), na 'n afwesigheid van 10 jaar, weer sy verskyning gemaak in die endemiese gebied van Noord Transvaal en altesaam 21 bevestigde geval1e is aangemeld. Die nuwe reeks uitbrake het sa.amgeval met die eerste isolasie in Suid-Afrika van twee HAd- stamme van AVP. Die eerste virusstam wat geisoleer is, was Lillie-148. Hierdie virusstam is geisoleer van 'n vark wat volgens omstandigheidsgetuienis deur 'n v1akvark besmet is. Die virus waarmee die varke op die plaas besmet is, het 'n laer patogenisiteit gehad as virusse van vorige uitbrake. Die tweede HAd- stam nl. 24823 is verkry van 'n geval waar geen kliniese of patologiese waarnemings beskikbaar was nieo Uit die resultate van laboratoriurntoetse is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die siekte wel moont1ik 'n kroniese verloop kon gehad het. Uit ondersoeke na die vektorstatus van populasies van die sagte bosluis Ornithodoros moubata, wat verkry is uit vlakvarkgate, is gevind dat die situasie in Suid-Afrika soortgelyk is aan die in Oos-Afrika. Daar is bevind dat 25 persent vlakvarkgate besmet is; dat die gemiddelde virus konsentrasies van bosluissuspensies varieer tussen 104,5 en 105,2 BCHAd50 en dat die gemiddelde persentasie van besmette bos1uise wissel tussen 1,62 en 3,45. Besmette bosluise is ook aangetref in die Marico-distrik wat aangrensend is aan die ensoötiese gebied en waar AVP nog nooit voorgekom het nie. 'n HAd- populasie van AVP virus is geisoleer van 'n bosluissuspensie, TS237, wat in wit selkulture 'n vertraagde en verminderde heem-adsorberende effek getoon het. Uit hierdie waarnemings is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat AVP virus in die aanvanklike virus reservoir instaat is om van HAd+ na HAd- te muteer. Hieruit blyk dit dat onder die huidige epidemiese toestande, wat tans in Suid-Afrika heers, die virus skynbaar verander na 'n vorm van laer patogenisiteit. Dit geskied ongeag vroeëre aanpassing van die infektiewe agens by die plaaslike varkpopulasie onder heersende epidemiologiese toestande in Suid-Afrika. Gedurende hierdie ondersoek is dit aangetoon dat LLC-MK2 selkulture vatbaar is vir AVP virus. Primere virus isolasies toon sitopatogeniese effekte. Infektiwiteit bereik 'n piek na drie tot vier agtereenvolgende oorspuitings met algehele vernietiging van sellae. Die gevoelligheid van LLC-MK2 selle vir die bepaling van die virus inhoud van varkweefsel was in twee gevalle vergelykbaar met die van wit selle. In drie ander gevalle was dit 100 tot 1000 keer laer. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat LLC-MK2 selle 'n geskikte aanvulling is vir wit selkulture vir die kweek van AVP virus, veral vir HAd- isolate. Die heem-adsorberende eienskappe van die HAd+ stam van AVP virus het verlore gegaan na 35 - 45 agtereenvolgende oorspuitings in LLC-MK2 selle. In wit selkulture is 'n soortgelyke mutasie waargeneem, hoewel dit meer geleidelik plaasgevind het. Die moontlikheid van plaket vorming in LLC-MK2 sellae is ondersoek. Wanneer 0,4% agarose as stollingsagens gebruik is, het alle stamme wat ondersoek is plakette opgelewer ongeag of hulle aangepas was vir LLC-MK2 selle of wit selle. Plakette se deursnee het gewissel tussen 0,3 en 3,0 mm. Hierdie eienskap is egter nie gekorreleerd met die betrokke stamme se heem-adsorberende eienskappe nie. Die teenwoordigheid van HAd- virus partikels in HAd+ populasies is aangetoon deur subkulture van geselekteerde plakette in wit selkulture te maak. Uit die resultate van biologiese toetse is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die HAd- stamme 'n verlaagde virulensie het wat kan wissel tussen wye grense. Die ondervinding met stam Lillie-148 en stam 24823 het aangetoon dat varke wat met hierdie virus stamme besmet raak akute, kroniese of subkliniese siekte toestande ontwikkel. Die graad van verskil tussen die patogenisiteit tussen HAd+ en HAd- virus is beklemtoon deur die resultate wat verkry is met die twee virus populasies van starn TS237. Die HAd+ stam veroorsaak perakute of akute vorms van die siekte terwyl HAd- starn kroniese of subkliniese infeksie tot gevolg het. Matige vorme van AVP is ook verkry nadat varke geinokuleer is met 'n HAd<sup+ starn wat 'n aantal oorspuitings in selkulture ondergaan het. Die afleiding is gemaak dat heem- adsorpsie en patogenisiteit twee eienskappe is wat nie verbonde is nie en dus onafhanklik van mekaar gemodifiseer kan word. Copyright / Gedurende die tydperk 1973-1975 het Afrikaansevarkpes (AVP), na 'n afwesigheid van 10 jaar, weer sy verskyning gemaak in die endemiese gebied van Noord Transvaal en altesaam 21 bevestigde geval1e is aangemeld. Die nuwe reeks uitbrake het sa.amgeval met die eerste isolasie in Suid-Afrika van twee HAd- stamme van AVP. Die eerste virusstam wat geisoleer is, was Lillie-148. Hierdie virusstam is geisoleer van 'n vark wat volgens omstandigheidsgetuienis deur 'n v1akvark besmet is. Die virus waarmee die varke op die plaas besmet is, het 'n laer patogenisiteit gehad as virusse van vorige uitbrake. Die tweede HAd- stam nl. 24823 is verkry van 'n geval waar geen kliniese of patologiese waarnemings beskikbaar was nieo Uit die resultate van laboratoriurntoetse is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die siekte wel moont1ik 'n kroniese verloop kon gehad het. Uit ondersoeke na die vektorstatus van populasies van die sagte bosluis Ornithodoros moubata, wat verkry is uit vlakvarkgate, is gevind dat die situasie in Suid-Afrika soortgelyk is aan die in Oos-Afrika. Daar is bevind dat 25 persent vlakvarkgate besmet is; dat die gemiddelde virus konsentrasies van bosluissuspensies varieer tussen 104,5 en 105,2 BCHAd50 en dat die gemiddelde persentasie van besmette bos1uise wissel tussen 1,62 en 3,45. Besmette bosluise is ook aangetref in die Marico-distrik wat aangrensend is aan die ensoötiese gebied en waar AVP nog nooit voorgekom het nie. 'n HAd- populasie van AVP virus is geisoleer van 'n bosluissuspensie, TS237, wat in wit selkulture 'n vertraagde en verminderde heem-adsorberende effek getoon het. Uit hierdie waarnemings is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat AVP virus in die aanvanklike virus reservoir instaat is om van HAd+ na HAd- te muteer. Hieruit blyk dit dat onder die huidige epidemiese toestande, wat tans in Suid-Afrika heers, die virus skynbaar verander na 'n vorm van laer patogenisiteit. Dit geskied ongeag vroeëre aanpassing van die infektiewe agens by die plaaslike varkpopulasie onder heersende epidemiologiese toestande in Suid-Afrika. Gedurende hierdie ondersoek is dit aangetoon dat LLC-MK2 selkulture vatbaar is vir AVP virus. Primere virus isolasies toon sitopatogeniese effekte. Infektiwiteit bereik 'n piek na drie tot vier agtereenvolgende oorspuitings met algehele vernietiging van sellae. Die gevoelligheid van LLC-MK2 selle vir die bepaling van die virus inhoud van varkweefsel was in twee gevalle vergelykbaar met die van wit selle. In drie ander gevalle was dit 100 tot 1000 keer laer. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat LLC-MK2 selle 'n geskikte aanvulling is vir wit selkulture vir die kweek van AVP virus, veral vir HAd- isolate. Die heem-adsorberende eienskappe van die HAd+ stam van AVP virus het verlore gegaan na 35 - 45 agtereenvolgende oorspuitings in LLC-MK2 selle. In wit selkulture is 'n soortgelyke mutasie waargeneem, hoewel dit meer geleidelik plaasgevind het. Die moontlikheid van plaket vorming in LLC-MK2 sellae is ondersoek. Wanneer 0,4% agarose as stollingsagens gebruik is, het alle stamme wat ondersoek is plakette opgelewer ongeag of hulle aangepas was vir LLC-MK2 selle of wit selle. Plakette se deursnee het gewissel tussen 0,3 en 3,0 mm. Hierdie eienskap is egter nie gekorreleerd met die betrokke stamme se heem-adsorberende eienskappe nie. Die teenwoordigheid van HAd- virus partikels in HAd+ populasies is aangetoon deur subkulture van geselekteerde plakette in wit selkulture te maak. Uit die resultate van biologiese toetse is die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat die HAd- stamme 'n verlaagde virulensie het wat kan wissel tussen wye grense. Die ondervinding met stam Lillie-148 en stam 24823 het aangetoon dat varke wat met hierdie virus stamme besmet raak akute, kroniese of subkliniese siekte toestande ontwikkel. Die graad van verskil tussen die patogenisiteit tussen HAd+ en HAd- virus is beklemtoon deur die resultate wat verkry is met die twee virus populasies van starn TS237. Die HAd+ stam veroorsaak perakute of akute vorms van die siekte terwyl HAd- starn kroniese of subkliniese infeksie tot gevolg het. Matige vorme van AVP is ook verkry nadat varke geinokuleer is met 'n HAd<sup+ starn wat 'n aantal oorspuitings in selkulture ondergaan het. Die afleiding is gemaak dat heem- adsorpsie en patogenisiteit twee eienskappe is wat nie verbonde is nie en dus onafhanklik van mekaar gemodifiseer kan word. Copyright / Thesis (DVSc)--University of Pretoria, 1977. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

The current modern commercial pig is an animal that has evolved through deliberate breeding programs, controlled environmental influences and nutrition to yield a highly efficient feed converter and fertile animal. The objective of this study was to measure the growth performances and carcass characteristics of entire male grower – finisher pigs which were subjected to different seasonal variations, nutrient dense diets, feeding regimes and group situations under South African circumstances. Period 1 was conducted in the winter from 6 June 2008 to 13 August 2008 and Period 2 in the summer from 3 October 2008 to 10 December 2008. The sire lines that were selected for the experiment had the same genetic breeding values (Topigs Selection Index value), of which two sire lines were the same in both Period 1 and Period 2 and one of two different sires lines was used either in Period 1 or Period 2. The animals were fed two different rations, a high (FH) and a low ration (FL), with the low ration’s specifications being 95 % of the high ration. The animals were randomly allocated three different feed regimes throughout the trial; restricted single feeding (RSF), ad libitum single feeding (ASF) and ad libitum group feeding (AGF). In the winter animals had a greater growth response compared to the summer, with end weight and average daily gain being significant (P<0.05) higher. A significant (P<0.05) improvement in average daily gain, feed efficiency and protein deposition rate were observed when animals were fed a higher energy and protein content in their diet, especially during summer. A significant (P<0.05) improved feed conversion was observed for restricted animals, but end weight, average daily gain and average protein deposition rates were significant (P<0.05) lower compared to ad libitum group and individually fed animals. In conclusion; the impact of decreasing the nutrient density of the diet for growing pigs through incremental changes in diet composition had a variable impact on overall growth performance and carcass quality. Feeding the high energy and protein ration improved growth performance during summer, but also in the initial stages of growth when feed intake capacity was limited. The objective when formulating diets should be to provide the essential amino acids and energy in amounts needed to support maximal and efficient growth. Using growth models estimated optimal feed intake curves will not deliver optimal results. Only when measuring and calculating the actual feed intake and protein deposition rates optimal performance levels will be reached. Measurements of feed intake and growth performance data derived from pigs penned individually should be adjusted before they can be applied to commercial situations or research conditions in which pigs are penned in groups. / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

The mammalian hearing organ, the cochlea, has a marvelous sensitivity and frequency resolution. Due to passive mechanical properties (e.g. mass, stiffness, damping), sound-induced traveling waves are formed on the basilar membrane (BM), which are longitudinally tuned to different frequencies. In a live cochlea, a phenomenon called cochlear amplification, derived from the mechano-electric transduction of the outer hair cells (OHCs), locally enhances the traveling wave and increases the frequency selectivity. My research during the PhD program was focused on studying the in-vivo mechanical and electrophysiological responses of the cochlea in animal models.In the first set of experiments, the intra-cochlear motion and the OHC-generated local cochlear microphonic (LCM) responses were measured in the base of the gerbil cochlea. We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the intra-cochlear motion and a tungsten micro-electrode to obtain the LCM responses. We explored the effect of the two types of sound stimuli, single and multi-tone stimuli, to the nonlinear behavior of the LCM and the intra-cochlear motion responses in two frequency bands: a frequency band in which cochlear responses show a nonlinear peak (the best frequency (BF) band) and a frequency range below the large peak (sub-BF band: f < ∼ 0.7 × BF). In the sub-BF band, BM motion had linear growth for both stimulus types, and the motion in the OHC region was mildly nonlinear for single tones, and relatively strongly nonlinear for multi-tones. Sub-BF, the nonlinear character of the LCM was similar to that of the OHC- region motion. In the BF band, the LCM and the intra-cochlear motions all possessed the BF peak nonlinearity. Coupling these observations with previous findings on phasing between OHC force and traveling wave motions, we proposed the following framework for cochlear nonlinearity: The BF-band nonlinearity is an amplifying nonlinearity, in which OHC forces input power into the traveling wave, allowing it to travel further apical to the region where it peaks. The sub-BF nonlinearity is a non- amplifying nonlinearity; it represents OHC electromotility, and saturates due to OHC current saturation, but the OHC forces do not possess the proper phasing to feed power into the traveling wave. In the second set of experiments, we repeated the cochlear measurements as in the first project in the base of guinea pig cochlea. The goal was to compare the degree of nonlinearity and amplification in the LCM and intra-cochlear responses between gerbil and guinea pig. The experimental condition and method were similar to the gerbil study. In the BF band, our observations were similar to our previous measurements in gerbil: a nonlinear peak in LCM responses and in intra- cochlear displacements, and higher motion in the OHC region than the BM. Sub-BF, the responses in the two species were different. In both species the BM motion responses in the sub-BF band was linear and LCM was nonlinear. Sub-BF in the OHC-region, nonlinearity was only observed in a subset of healthy guinea pig cochleae while in gerbil, robust nonlinearity was observed in all healthy cochleae. The differences suggest that gerbils and guinea pigs may employ different mech- anisms for to achieve frequency selectivity. However, it cannot be ruled out that the differences are due to technical measurement differences across the species.

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a microbial phytase (Novo SP938) in weanling and grower pigs, and starter turkeys fed corn-soybean meal based diets. Pig and turkey BW and pen feed consumption were recorded weekly. Fecal and excreta samples were collected for determination of Ca and P digestibility. At the end of all experiments animals were slaughtered, and 10th ribs or right foot for pigs, and both middle toes for turkeys were removed for bone analysis. In pigs performance, bone measurements, and digestibilities of P and Ca increased as levels of phytase increased. Concentration of P and Ca in the feces decreased as dietary phytase increased. In turkeys, BW gain and toe ash increased as nonphytate P or phytase increased, when added to a low-P diet. Concentrations of P and Ca decreased as phytase was added to the diet. Based on nonlinear or linear equations, the average P equivalency of 500 U phytase/kg feed was .64 and .67 g of inorganic P for pigs and turkeys, respectively. There were no adverse effects of feeding 10,000 U phytase/kg feed in pigs and turkeys. Supplementation with Novo SP938 phytase was effective in improving performance, bone mineralization, P and Ca utilization, and decreasing P and Ca concentrations in the feces of pigs and excreta of young turkeys fed low-P diets, with no health effects, even at very high supplementation rates. / Master of Science

No description available.

The study was done in the department of La Paz, providence of Ingavi in the community of Letanias (16° 39’ 15” S; 69° 60’ 18” W), in the Benson Institute building, located 3 kilometers from Viacha. The objectives were: to evaluate the growth and increase in weight and consumption of food in Guinea pig male and females under the effect of diets with different levels of barley sprout in the phases of growth; to determine the nutritional conversion; to determine the optimal level of use of the barley sprouts in the basic feeding of Guinea pigs; and to evaluate the results of the diets from the point of view of its economic efficiency. The diets utilized were isoprotein and isoenergetic and consisted of the following: D l (34% H. alfalfa + 33% P. barley + 33% bran), D-2 (45%H. alfalfa + 25% sprout + 14% P. barley + 16% bran), D-3 (35% H. alfalfa + 50% sprout + 12% P. barley + 3% bran), D-4 (22% H. alfalfa + 75% sprout + 2% P. barley + 1% bran). The design that I used was completely random with factorial arrangement, with four repetitions, taking into account 64 animals 32 male and 32 females. I analyzed the variables with the statistical package MSTATC obtaining the following results.- The analysis of variance obtained for the gaining and increasing of weight, I present differences in the phases of evaluation (sixth and eleventh week). Being D-2 the diet that presents greater weight with referring to the diets D l, D-2 and D-3. The consumption of food was greater in the diet D-2, showing greater flexibility than the diets D-2, D-3 and D-l. Analyzing the nutritional conversion index, weight, and economic relation it is concluded that the diet D-2 with 25% of barley sprout is the one that achieves the best behavior, achieving a good use of the goods that farmers have and the cost of feed is attainable for the producer. Barley sprouts can be an alternative feed for the guinea pig always as long as administered in low levels.

No description available.

This document only includes an excerpt of the corresponding thesis or dissertation. To request a digital scan of the full text, please contact the Ruth Lilly Medical Library's Interlibrary Loan Department (rlmlill@iu.edu).

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