Typescript (photocopy) / 154 leaves, [15] leaves of plates : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Dept. of Human Physiology, University of Adelaide, 1982

Pharmacological levels of inorganic forms of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are frequently used in diets for pigs to improve performance and control post-weaning colibacillosis. However, the use of such forms and levels causes mineral accumulation in the soil, and is a non-sustainable practice from an environmental perspective. Alternatively, organic complexes of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have been proposed to be more available to pigs, and when included at lower levels than inorganic sources of these minerals have significantly reduced mineral excretion in faeces without compromising performance. However the effect of these organic minerals fed simultaneously at low levels of inclusion has not been well studied. The general hypothesis tested in this thesis was that concentrations of Cu and Zn in faecal material would be reduced when fed in an organic (Bioplex®) form without compromising performance or mineral homeostasis in growing/finishing pigs, in comparison to Cu and Zn fed in an inorganic (sulphate) form. Two experiments were performed to test this hypothesis: Experiment 1 was designed as a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two mineral forms (Bioplex® and Sulphate) and two inclusion levels (High and Low). The “low” levels aimed at providing 80 mg/kg of dietary Cu and Zn, and the “high” levels aimed at providing 160 mg/kg of dietary Cu and Zn. Experiment 2 was designed as a 3x2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with two mineral forms (Bioplex® and Sulphate) and three inclusion levels (Low, Medium and High). The “low” levels aimed at providing 25 mg/kg of Cu and 40 mg/kg of Zn, the “medium” levels aimed at providing 80 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn, and the “high” levels aimed at providing 160 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn in the diet. Unfortunately the Medium sulphate grower diet was contaminated with excess Zn while manufacturing, which led to the exclusion of this treatment from the study. In Experiment 1, pigs fed LB (Low Bioplex®) or HS (High Sulphate) diets grew faster (P=0.014) and their carcasses were 3.5 kg heavier (P=0.020) than LS (Low Sulphate)- or HB (High Bioplex®)-fed pigs. Pigs fed LB or HS diets had lower (P=0.001) levels of Zn in plasma, a higher (P=0.029) concentration of Zn in the pancreas and a lower (P=0.020) concentration of Zn in bone than pigs fed LS or HB diets. The concentration of Cu in liver increased (P=0.017) with the concentration in the diet as did Cu and Zn levels in faeces (P<0.001) without any difference between mineral forms. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) tended to be improved (P=0.062) by the inclusion of Bioplex® in the diet. The inclusion of Bioplex® reduced (P=0.003) subcutaneous fat depth at the P2 site by 2.2 mm compared to the sulphate. In Experiment 2, there was no difference (P>0.05) in growth rate between experimental diets, but again there was an overall improvement (P=0.012) in FCR when Bioplex® were included. Blood and tissue Cu and Zn concentrations were within normal physiological ranges in all treatments, supporting a reduction of Cu and Zn levels in the diet. Only Zn level in plasma during the growing phase and Cu and Zn concentration in tissues increased (P<0.001) with the addition in the diet. None of the biomarkers of Cu or Zn status analysed in the pigs showed any difference between the inorganic and the Bioplex® forms. Copper and Zn concentrations in faecal material decreased (P<0.001) with their inclusion in the diet, and only in the finishing collection there was a further decrease of 10% in Zn faecal concentration when Bioplex® was included instead of the sulphate at similar low levels. Carcass and meat quality measures were independent of the Cu and Zn form or level, however a higher proportion of carcasses from LB-fed pigs had <14 mm subcutaneous fat depth at the P2 site. The inclusion of Bioplex® failed to have a significant effect on Cu excretion and its inclusion had an inconsistent effect on Zn excretion. The overall findings from this thesis partially supported the hypothesis that the inclusion of Bioplex® would reduce the concentration of Cu and Zn in faeces compared to the inclusion of inorganic forms at similar inclusion levels. Nevertheless, total Cu and Zn levels in growing/finishing pig diets could be reduced from 160 mg/kg of both Cu and Zn to 30 mg/kg Cu and 60 mg/kg Zn, in either the sulphate or the Bioplex® form, without negatively affecting performance or mineral homeostasis in the pigs and significantly reducing Cu and Zn excretion (between 50 and 80%). The advantage of including Bioplex® instead of sulphates was in the improvement in FCR. Carcass and meat quality were independent of the form and level of dietary Cu and Zn.

Thesis (Ph.D.) Dept. of Human Physiology, University of Adelaide, 1982. / Typescript (photocopy).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1997. / "December 1997." Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (l. 176-196). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1997. / "December 1997" Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 176-196). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 133-171).

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Groningen, 1980. / Summary and vita in Dutch. Highlights sheet in Dutch inserted. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-140).

Submitted by PEDRO MADY BERTOLINI null (pedro.bertolini@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-05T17:54:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 846707 bytes, checksum: 4fef262520629daeeadbe842680821eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2017-12-06T13:11:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bertolini_pm_me_bot.pdf: 846707 bytes, checksum: 4fef262520629daeeadbe842680821eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-06T13:11:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bertolini_pm_me_bot.pdf: 846707 bytes, checksum: 4fef262520629daeeadbe842680821eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-20 / O vírus da hepatite E (HEV) é um importante problema para a saúde pública e uma das principais causas de hepatite entérica em todo o mundo, podendo ser transmitido pelo consumo de carne suína contaminada. O trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a prevalência do HEV em suínos de criações intensivas e tecnificadas, abatidos em matadouro-frigorífico sob Inspeção Sanitária. Foram coletadas 140 amostras de fezes de suínos de 14 propriedades distintas dos estados de São Paulo e Santa Catarina. As técnicas de diagnósticos moleculares nas amostras de fezes foram Nested RT-PCR e sequenciamento de Sanger para identificação da presença do vírus da hepatite E e o genótipo para elucidar os dados epidemiológicos. Os suínos não apresentaram doenças ou sinais clínicos no exame ante mortem e no exame post mortem. Os fígados não apresentaram lesões macroscópicas e contaminações gastrointestinais visíveis, portanto, as vísceras e carcaças foram destinadas ao consumo humano. Foram identificados 1,4% de suínos infectados pelo HEV genótipo 3. O vírus da Hepatite E, genótipos 3 e 4 tem caráter zoonótico, podendo gerar grande impacto na Saúde Pública. Diante disso, deve-se haver cuidados na manipulação de produtos possivelmente contaminados pelo HEV, evitando assim a contaminação cruzada, e, também, tratando termicamente a carne e derivados de suínos, a fim de garantir a inocuidade alimentar. / Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major public health problem and one of the leading causes of enteric hepatitis worldwide and can be transmitted through the consumption of contaminated pork. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV in pigs from intensive and technified farms slaughtered at a slaughterhouse under Sanitary Inspection. A total of 140 swine feces samples were collected from 14 different properties in the states of São Paulo and Santa Catarina. Molecular diagnostic techniques in faecal samples were Nested RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing to identify the presence of hepatitis E virus and the genotype to elucidate epidemiological data. The pigs had no disease or clinical signs on antemortem and post-mortem examination. The livers did not present macroscopic lesions and visible gastrointestinal contaminations, therefore the viscera and carcasses were destined for human consumption. A total of 1.4% of HEV genotype 3 infected pigs were identified. The hepatitis E virus, genotypes 3 and 4, is zoonotic in nature and can have a great impact on public health. In view of this, care must be taken in the handling of products possibly contaminated by HEV, thus avoiding cross-contamination, and also by thermally treating meat and pork products in order to guarantee food safety.

This dissertation deals with the noise emissions caused due pig fattening. The theoretical part contains a description of the economic importance of pig farming in the Czech Republic. It also describes the noise and its impact on the environment, noise effects on humans and animals, using best available technologies (BAT) to reduce it in pig farms and includes other sanitary limits. The practical part describes the structures of pig breeding, measuring instruments and the methods which are used for calculating the measurement of the noise. The obtained data are shown in the graphs and by each measurement was performed statistical analysis. In another point are the result values compared with sanitary limits.

This diploma thesis aims to measure the harmful gas emissions and evaluate methods and technologies used in an observed fattening pigs company. Subsequently observed methods and technologies are compared with best available techniques BATs and economically evaluated. The thesis contains three hypotheses. 1. Do measured production emissions of ammonia from the selected plant comply with the limits and recommendation of EU directives? 2. Is the applied BAT suitable from the economical point of view even for Czech agriculturists? 3. Do measured values comply with the decrease of ammonia levels according to the calculated decrease in the BREF document? The measured values and subsequent evaluation show that the production emissions of ammonia comply with the EU directives. However, the measured ammonia emissions are significantly lower than the theoretical values calculated according to the legislation that takes into account the used technology. BAT-reducing technologies used in the plant are suitable for Czech agriculturists.