Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 C47 / Master of Science

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Viscosity and fermentability are considered important properties of dietary fiber. Viscosity increases digesta viscosity and reduces digesta passage rate, nutrient digestion and absorption whereas fermentability increases fermentation into short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The objectives were to enhance the understanding of these properties of dietary fiber and their effects on digestive physiology using surgical models in pigs. In study 1, three catheterized pigs fed 3 diets containing 0, 3, or 6% oat -glucan concentrate (BG0, BG3, and BG6) in a repeated 3 3 Latin square. Pigs fed BG6 had a lower net glucose flux. Pigs fed BG6 tended to have lower portal C-peptide without lowered insulin. Pigs fed BG6 had lower portal glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which in turn were correlated (R2 = 0.81 and 0.88, respectively) with portal glucose. Pigs fed BG3 and BG6 had a higher net SCFA flux, indicating increased fermentation. In study 2 and 3, ileal cannulated grower pigs were fed semi-purified diets supplemented with 5% purified non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in a 2 (low and high viscous) 2 (low, and high fermentable) factorial arrangement using cellulose (CEL), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and low and high viscous oat -glucan (LBG and HBG, respectively). The CMC, LBG and HBG induced high ileal digesta viscosity coinciding with high nutrient digestibility; in contrast, CEL had lowest viscosity and nutrient digestibility. The CEL, LBG and HBG increased fecal SCFA. Linear discriminate analysis of NSP and TRFLP profiles and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of bacterial groups revealed that CMC resulted in distinctive bacterial communities. The gene copy number of butyryl-CoA CoA transferase was higher than for butyrate kinase, indicating that this pathway is dominant for butyrate production in pigs. In study 4, similar dietary treatments were fed to catheterized pigs. High viscous and fermentable HBG increased net butyrate flux and insulin and GLP-1 production but did not affect net glucose flux. Thus, the viscosity and fermentability are important functional properties of dietary fiber that better explained the physiological effects on kinetics of digestion, absorption, hormones responses, fermentation and thus nutrient flow and intestinal health. / Animal Science

Undergraduate honors paper--Mount Holyoke College, 2006. Dept. of Biological Sciences. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-56).

Thesis--M. Phil., University of Hong Kong, 1982.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989.

This study investigated the water use of lactating sows (experiment 1), suckling piglets (experiment 2), weaned piglets (experiments 3, 6 and 8) and growing pigs (experiments 4, 5, 7 and 9), according to 3 specific objectives which assessed the effects of: age, live weight, feed intake and physiological status on water demand (experiments 1 to 3); different types of drinker on water use (experiments 4 to 6); dietary mineral content on water demand (experiments 7 and 8). For all classes of pig, feed intake explained between 53 and 83% of the variation in water use (P < 0.001). The relationship between stage of lactation and live weight (experiments 3, 6 and 7) was confounded by feed intake. In sows water use increased linearly in the week before farrowing (P < 0.001) which then decreased from 12.3 ± 1.10 1 the day before, to 9.3 ± 0.84 1 the day of farrowing (P < 0.001). Water use averaged 18.9 ± 0.27 1/day in a 21 day lactation. With suckling piglets, provision of water and/or creep feed between days 8 and 21 did not influence growth ( P > 0.05). Provision of creep feed reduced water use (0.22 ± 0.019 v 0.53 ± 0.035 1/litter day; P < 0.001), but water provision did not influence feed intake (34.7 ± 3.4 g/litter day; P > 0.05). Early weaned piglets (21 d) showed a disturbed pattern of water use in week 1 and water use averaged 0.94 ± 0.050 1/piglet day between weeks 1 and 3. In growing pigs, water use per unit of feed intake decreased linearly from 17 to 81 kg W and water use averaged 5 ± 0.16 1/day. Type of drinker influenced performance immediately after weaning (P < 0.001), but results with growing pigs were less conclusive. Water use from the Mono-flo nipple drinker was about twice that from 5 other types of drinker (P < 0.001). Dietary potassium (K) increased the water use of growing pigs by 1 1/day for every 1% increase in K between 7 and 15 g/kg feed (P < 0.05) , but performance was not affected (P > 0.05). With piglets water use and performance were not affected by variations in dietary K and Cl contents between 6.7 and 15.6; 1.4 and 3.0 g/kg feed respectively (P > 0.05). Growing pigs fed liquid diets utilised a supplementary water supply even though the water added to the meal exceeded ARC (1981) recommended allowances (experiment 9). Daily weight gain and conversion of dry matter improved as the moisture content of the liquid diets was increased from 67 to 88% (P < 0.05).