Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundoSM.pdf: 1084567 bytes, checksum: b0c04a2886a533d2f22958c9fda16e38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-09 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Due of industrial informatics several attempts have been done to develop notations and semantics, which are used for classifying and describing different kind of system behavior, particularly in the modeling phase. Such attempts provide the infrastructure to resolve some real problems of engineering and construct practical systems that aim at, mainly, to increase the productivity, quality, and security of the process. Despite the many studies that have attempted to develop friendly methods for industrial controller programming, they are still programmed by conventional trial-and-error methods and, in practice, there is little written documentation on these systems. The ideal solution would be to use a computational environment that allows industrial engineers to implement the system using high-level language and that follows international standards. Accordingly, this work proposes a methodology for plant and control modelling of the discrete event systems that include sequential, parallel and timed operations, using a formalism based on Statecharts, denominated Basic Statechart (BSC). The methodology also permits automatic procedures to validate and implement these systems. To validate our methodology, we presented two case studies with typical examples of the manufacturing sector. The first example shows a sequential control for a tagged machine, which is used to illustrated dependences between the devices of the plant. In the second example, we discuss more than one strategy for controlling a manufacturing cell. The model with no control has 72 states (distinct configurations) and, the model with sequential control generated 20 different states, but they only act in 8 distinct configurations. The model with parallel control generated 210 different states, but these 210 configurations act only in 26 distinct configurations, therefore, one strategy control less restrictive than previous. Lastly, we presented one example for highlight the modular characteristic of our methodology, which it is very important to maintenance of applications. In this example, the sensors for identifying pieces in the plant were removed. So, changes in the control model are needed to transmit the information of the input buffer sensor to the others positions of the cell / Com o advento da inform?tica industrial muitos esfor?os t?m sido realizados para o desenvolvimento de nota??es e sem?nticas usadas para classificar e descrever diferentes tipos de sistemas, sobretudo na fase de modelagem. Tais esfor?os fornecem a infraestrutura necess?ria para a solu??o de alguns problemas reais de engenharia e a constru??o de sistemas pr?ticos que visam, principalmente, o aumento da produtividade, qualidade e seguran?a de processos. Al?m disso, apesar de muitos estudos tentarem desenvolverm?todos amig?veis para programa??o de controladores l?gicos industriais, estes ainda s?o programados atrav?s de m?todos convencionais no estilo tentativa e erro e, na pr?tica, usualmente n?o existe documenta??o escrita para esses sistemas. A solu??o ideal para este problema seria usar um ambiente computacional que permita engenheiros industriais implementar o sistema usando linguagens de alto n?vel e que obede?am padr?es internacionais. Baseado nessa perspectiva, este trabalho descreve um procedimento sistem?tico para modelar a planta e o controle de sistemas com din?mica discreta que incluem opera??es sequenciais, paralelas e temporizadas, usando um formalismo baseado nos Statecharts, denominado Statecharts B?sicos (SCB). A metodologia tamb?m permite procedimentos autom?ticos de verifica??o e implementa??o desses sistemas. A valida??o da metodologia foi realizada por meio de estudos de casos com exemplos t?picos de aplica??es da ?rea de manufatura. O primeiro exemplo apresenta um controle sequencial para um etiquetador de pe?as e serve para ilustrar a depend?ncia entre os dispositivos da planta. O segundo exemplo discute mais de uma estrat?gia de controle para uma c?lula de manufatura. O modelo da c?lula usada nos exemplos possui 72 configura??es poss?veis e, com um controle sequencial, a planta ficou restrita a 8 configura??es, enquanto que com um controle paralelo, a planta atuou em 26 configura??es diferentes, sendo, portanto, um controle menos restritivo. Por fim, foi apresentado um exemplo para ressaltar a caracter?stica modular da nossa metodologia, que ? de suma import?ncia para a manutenibilidade de aplica??es. Neste exemplo, os sensores para identifica??o de pe?as presentes na planta da c?lula de manufatura foram removidos, gerando a necessidade de altera??es no modelo do controle para propagar as informa??es do sensor de entrada de pe?as para as outras posi??es da c?lula.

Le projet de recherche présenté dans cette thèse a été réalisé avec la collaboration de la Direction de l'Ingénierie SNCF et le CReSTIC de l'Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA). L'objectif de ce projet est de contribuer à l'amélioration des études de conception du contrôle/commande des projets d'électrification menées par les chargés d'études. Ce projet doit répondre à des objectifs humains, économiques et techniques exprimés par la SNCF, notamment appliqué au domaine des Equipements d'Alimentation des Lignes Electrifiées (EALE). Pour répondre à ces problématiques, une méthodologie pour les études d'automatisation est proposée. Elle intègre deux axes de recherche. Le premier axe est la génération automatique de livrables (codes, documents, schémas…). Celle-ci repose nécessairement sur une standardisation et une modélisation du « métier ». L'approche MDD (Model Driven Development) du génie logiciel et l'approche DSM (Domain Specific Modeling), apporte des éléments de solution reposant sur l'utilisation de « templates métiers ». Toutefois, il est fondamental de générer des livrables de qualité et du code API (Automates Programmables Industriels) sûr de fonctionnement. Le second axe de recherche s'intéresse à la commande sûre de fonctionnement. Trois approches de synthèse de la commande (la Supervisory Control Theory (SCT), la synthèse algébrique, la commande par contraintes logiques) permettant a priori de répondre à ces objectifs de sûreté sont présentées et discutées. La commande par contraintes logiques présente l'avantage majeur de séparer la sécurité (qui est vérifiée formellement hors ligne par model-checking) et le fonctionnel, et de pouvoir être utilisée avec des programmes API existants, ne remettant pas ainsi en cause la méthodologie de travail des chargés d'études. / The research project presented in this thesis has been realized with the collaboration of the Engineer Department of the SNCF and the CReSTIC of the University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne. The goal of this project is to contribute to the improvement of the control studies of the electrification projects realized by the design engineers. This project must meet human, economic and technical aims expressed by the SNCF applied to the field of the Power Supply Equipments of the Electrified Lines (EALE in french). To answer these problems, a methodology for the automation studies is proposed. It integrates two research orientations were studied. The first axis is the automatic generation the deliverables (codes, documents, diagrams…). This axis is based on standardization and modeling of the “work”. MDD (Model Driven Development) and DSM (Domain Specific Modeling) approaches, brings suggestions for solution based on the use of “work templates”. However, it is fundamental to generate quality deliverables and safe PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) code. The second research orientation is interested in safe control. Three approaches of control synthesis (Supervisory Control Theory (SCT), the algebraic synthesis, the control by logical constraints) permitting a priori to reach these aims of safety are presented and discussed. The major advantage of the control by logical constraints is to separate the safety (which is checked formally off line by model-checking) and the functional parts. It can be used with existing PLC programs, which doesn't change thus the working methodology of the design engineers.