Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Suzana Gilioli da Costa Nunes.pdf: 1163925 bytes, checksum: aa9c952dffb7a7d62052a6f61929b153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-20 / This thesis involved three constructs in the area of organizational strategy, exploration, exploitation and carrying capacity of the organizational knowledge. The main objective was to evaluate the degree of association between exploration and exploitation and absorption capacity. To achieve this main objective, it was formulated three others, the secondary character, for the three constructs involved in the research. From this, twelve specific goals and two hypotheses were stated. For the achievement of general and specific objectives of this thesis it was developed a quantitative research study, with the level of analysis one hundred companies within the sectors of trade and services, located in the city of Palmas, Tocantins State. The respondents consisted of managers working at these companies. The questionnaire was developed using two scales. One for the measurement of the guidelines for exploration and exploitation, developed by Popadiuk (2012) and the other on the scale was measuring the absorption capacity of knowledge developed by Matusik and Heeley (2005). Statistical analyzes were related to the objectives of descriptive character. To verify the two hypotheses the technique involved the Structural Equation Modeling using software PLS-PM. As the concepts of exploration and exploitation were based on the proposed Popadiuk (2012) which is translated by six dimensions: practices of organizational knowledge, practices, innovation, strategic focus, competition, partnership and efficiency, hence originated six specific objectives. Since the concept of absorption capacity was translated by four specific objectives, in order that one of the dimensions involved two other smaller. The results showed that the companies surveyed have guidance for exploitation. In relation to absorptive capacity, firms have a high degree of predominance of relationship with the environment, routines and procedures and public awareness. However, showed low level in relation to individual abilities. The third goal, which is the association between the two constructs, the results showed that the analysis by structural equation modeling, we can identify the measurement model used was adequate in terms of its convergent validity and discriminant validity . Both hypotheses were confirmed. The absorption capacity knowledge showed a coefficient for explaining operation and exploitation, characterized as the significant level of 1%. The absorption capacity of more influence than the operation guidance for exploitation as ratio between operating and absorption capacity is greater than the coefficient of exploitation identified and absorption capacity. / Esta tese envolveu três construtos da área de estratégia organizacional: exploração, explotação e capacidade de absorção do conhecimento organizacional. O objetivo principal foi avaliar o grau de associação entre exploração e explotação e a capacidade absorção. Para atingir esse objetivo principal, foram formulados três outros, de caráter secundário, referentes aos três construtos envolvidos na pesquisa. A partir disso, doze objetivos específicos e duas hipóteses foram enunciadas. Para o atingimento dos objetivos gerais e específicos desta tese foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo, tendo como nível de análise cem empresas pertencentes aos setores de comércio e de serviços, localizadas na cidade de Palmas, Estado do Tocantins. Os informantes consistiram em gestores que trabalhavam nessas empresas. O questionário aplicado envolveu a utilização de duas escalas. Uma para a mensuração das orientações para exploração e explotação, desenvolvido por Popadiuk (2012) e a outra escala foi referente à mensuração da capacidade de absorção do conhecimento, desenvolvida por Matusik e Heeley (2005). As análises estatísticas relativas aos objetivos foram de caráter descritivo. Para a verificação das duas hipóteses a técnica utilizada envolveu a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, mediante o software PLS-PM. Como os conceitos de exploração e explotação foram baseados na proposta de Popadiuk (2012) que é traduzida por seis dimensões: práticas de conhecimento organizacional, práticas de inovação, foco estratégico, competição, parcerias e eficiência; daí, originaram-se seis objetivos específicos. Já o conceito de capacidade de absorção ficou traduzido por quatro objetivos específicos, tendo em vista que uma das dimensões envolvia duas outras, menores. Os resultados demonstraram que as empresas pesquisadas possuem orientação para explotação. Já em relação à capacidade de absorção, as empresas possuem alto grau de predominância de relacionamento com o ambiente, rotinas e procedimentos e conhecimento público. Entretanto, apresentaram baixo grau no que se refere às habilidades individuais. Quanto ao terceiro objetivo, que trata da associação entre os dois construtos, os resultados demonstraram que, pela análise, mediante a modelagem de equações estruturais, pode-se identificar que o modelo de mensuração adotado foi adequado em termos de sua validade convergente e validade discriminante. As duas hipóteses foram confirmadas. A capacidade de absorção do conhecimento apresentou um coeficiente de explicação para exploração e para explotação, caracterizados como significantes ao nível de 1%. A capacidade de absorção influencia mais a orientação para exploração do que para explotação dado que coeficiente entre exploração e capacidade de absorção foi maior do que o coeficiente identificado entre explotação e capacidade de absorção.

Le supply chain management fait l'objet d'une attention particulière de la part des entreprises et des chercheurs notamment en sciences de gestion. Il s'articule autour de la mutualisation de ressources et des compétences de chaque membre de la supply chain et la synergie qui subsiste entre eux afin de créer collectivement une valeur supérieure à la somme des valeurs créées séparément par chacun. Cette alliance, qui nécessite la coopération collective dans la création et le partage équitable de la valeur, est caractérisée par des comportements opportunistes qui entraînent des défaillances comme l'effet Bullwhip. Ainsi, notre objectif est d'analyser ces comportements afin de comprendre leur dynamique au sein de la supply chain. A cet égard, nous nous appuyons sur la perspective des dilemmes sociaux pour proposer deux mécanismes : un mécanisme motivationnel (partage de l'identité de la supply chain) et un mécanisme structurel (investissement dans les ressources relationnelles) pour à la fois réduire et décourager l'opportunisme. Afin d'appuyer notre raisonnement, ces mécanismes sont articulés pour créer un capital social qui, en facilitant le supply chain management, permet d'améliorer la performance de la supply chain. Cela a donné lieu à la conception d'un modèle intégrateur de la dynamique sociale de la supply chain. Celui-ci a été validé auprès d'un échantillon de 130 répondants (Responsables supply chain, directeurs logistiques, etc.). Les données collectées ont été analysées tout d'abord par une analyse univariée, suivie d'une analyse en composantes principales afin d'épurer nos échelle de mesure. En second lieu, nous avons fait appel aux modèles d'équations structurelles PLS-PM (régressions aux moindres carrées partiels), pour estimer d'une part, la validité convergente ainsi que la validité discriminante des échelles de mesures, et d'autre part, valider nos hypothèses de recherche relatives aux antécédents et aux conséquences du capital social de la supply chain. Les résultats d'analyse nous ont permis de valider toutes les hypothèses selon lesquelles les deux mécanismes de résolution du dilemme social permettent de développer un capital social au sein de la supply chain qui, en agissant comme un lubrificateur des relations inter-organisationnelle, permet d'améliorer la performance de la supply chain. / Supply chain management is subject of particular interest to professionals and researchers especially in management science. It revolves around the sharing of resources and expertise between supply chain members, and the synergy that exists between them to collectively create value that is more than the sum of the values created separately by each member. This alliance, which requires collective cooperation in the creation and the equitable sharing of the value, is characterized by opportunistic behaviors that lead to failure, as illustrated by the Bullwhip effect. Thus, our objective is to analyze these behaviors in an attempt to understand their dynamics within the supply chain. In this regard, we rely on the perspective of social dilemmas to propose two mechanisms: a motivational mechanism (sharing the identity of the supply chain) and a structural mechanism (investment in relational resources) to discourage and reduce opportunism. To support our reasoning, these mechanisms are articulated to create social capital, facilitating supply chain management, in turn improving supply chain performance. This leads to the design of an integrative model of supply chain social dynamics. This was validated with a sample of 130 respondents (supply chain heads, logistics managers, etc.). The collected data were analyzed first by univariate analysis followed by principal component analysis to refine our scale. Second, we used PLS-PM (partial least squares regression) structural equation models to estimate, on one hand, the convergent and the discriminant validity of the measurement scales validity, and on the other hand, validate our research hypotheses on the antecedents and the consequences of social capital in the supply chain. The results of these analyses have allowed us to validate all the assumptions that the two mechanisms for resolving social dilemma help develop social capital within the supply chain, and act to lubricate inter-organizational relations, allowing improved supply chain performance.

En Analyse Sensorielle, les préférences des consommateurs sont généralement modélisées en fonction de données sensorielles par les méthodes de cartographie des préférences. L'objectif de cette thèse est de modéliser les préférences des consommateurs en intégrant, en plus des données sensorielles, de nouvelles variables relatives à leur perception des produits. Nous appellerons ces variables les dimensions subjectives. Elles recouvrent des dimensions pragmatiques liées à l'utilisation du produit et des dimensions plus symboliques telles que l'esthétisme, la modernité, l'originalité…Les problématiques relatives aux dimensions subjectives ont d'abord été étudiées lors d'une étude exploratoire sur des tasses à café. L'ensemble du travail a ensuite été réalisé sur 11 sièges de voitures. Dans un premier temps, des entretiens qualitatifs ont été réalisés auprès de 16 consommateurs d'une part et de 2 designers d'autre part. Ces entretiens ont permis d'identifier les dimensions subjectives caractéristiques des sièges. Une évaluation quantitative des dimensions subjectives et des préférences a ensuite été réalisée par 110 consommateurs. Enfin, les sièges ont été caractérisés sensoriellement par des experts. Les préférences des consommateurs ont été modélisées en fonction des données sensorielles et des dimensions subjectives par des modèles d'équations structurelles à variables latentes, plus précisément par Partial Least Square Path Modeling. Quatre modèles, fondés sur les groupes de préférences, ont été mis en place. Selon le groupe étudié, la contribution des deux jeux de données diffère et quatre profils de clients sont identifiés. D'un point de vue méthodologique, ce travail fournit des éléments de réponse sur l'intérêt des dimensions subjectives pour la modélisation des préférences. L'ensemble de la démarche est en cours d'application sur un produit alimentaire : le chocolat. / In Sensory Science, preference mapping is used to explain consumers' preferences with sensory data. This PhD aims to integrate not only sensory data but also new variables that are related to consumers' perception of the product in the modelling of consumers' preferences. These variables are labelled as subjective dimensions. They address the pragmatic dimensions that cover the context of use of the products and more symbolic dimensions, such as aesthetics, modernity, originality…An exploratory study based on coffee cups was a first mean to approach the issues related to subjective dimensions. Then, all the work was done on a study of 11 car seats. The first step consisted in qualitative interviews of 16 consumers and of 2 designers. These interviews allowed identifying the subjective dimensions that characterize car seats. 110 consumers then performed a quantitative evaluation of their preferences and subjective dimensions. Finally, the seats were characterized by experts with sensory descriptors. The consumers' preferences were modelled according to both sensory data and subjective dimensions, using structural equations: the Partial Least Square Path Modeling. Four models based on preferences clustering were established. The contribution of two kinds of data differed according to the considered cluster, which led to the identification of four customer profiles. From a methodological point of view, this work provides first elements about the benefit of subjective dimensions in preference modelling. The methodology is being implemented on a food product: chocolate.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:40:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11544_Dissertação_Emanuel_Versão_Final20180131-115221.pdf: 2670227 bytes, checksum: 80557f8a62de4b4543889b19e3f60459 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar o efeito da qualidade do site na relação entre os atributos do vinho e o risco percebido em compras de vinhos online e, ainda, analisar o seu efeito na relação entre o risco percebido em compras de vinhos online e a intenção de recompra de vinhos online. O interesse por esse tema se deu, primeiramente, pelo fato de o consumo de vinhos no Brasil ter apresentado um substancial crescimento nos últimos anos, o que se permite supor tratar-se de um segmento de mercado em franca expansão e, ainda, pelo crescente uso da internet como um canal alternativo de compras deste produto, o qual apresenta complexidades peculiares, desde o processo de decisão de compra até o seu consumo. Com base na revisão da literatura, foi elaborado o modelo conceitual deste estudo, assim como o questionário utilizado para verificar se as relações teóricas observadas se confirmariam na amostra selecionada para este trabalho. A coleta de dados foi operacionalizada a partir do envio do questionário, por e-mail, à uma amostra composta por 5.200 possíveis respondentes, todos usuários de um dos maiores e-commerce de vinhos do mundo, tendo sido coletadas 376 respostas, durante o mês de setembro de 2017, as quais foram submetidas às análises multivariadas por meio da técnica da modelagem de equações estruturais, com o auxílio do pacote PLS-PM utilizado no software “R”. Os resultados demonstraram que os atributos do vinho não apresentaram significância estatística na relação com o risco percebido em compras de vinhos online. Por outro lado, foram encontradas evidências de que o risco percebido em compras de vinhos online impacta negativamente a intenção de recompra de vinhos online. Por fim, não foram encontradas evidências que permitissem afirmar o efeito moderador da qualidade do site nas relações observadas neste estudo. Os resultados desta pesquisa foram discutidos e, ao final, apresentaram-se as suas limitações e algumas sugestões para pesquisas futuras. / The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of site quality on the relationship between wine attributes and perceived risk in online wine purchases, and to analyze its effect on the relationship between perceived risk in online wine purchases and the online wine repurchase intention. The interest in this theme came first because the consumption of wines in Brazil has shown a substantial growth in recent years, assuming that it is a rapidly expanding market segment and due to the increasing use of the internet as an alternative channel of purchases of this product, which presents peculiarities, from the purchase decision process to its consumption. Based on the literature review, the conceptual model of this study was elaborated, as well as the questionnaire used to verify if the theoretical relationships would be confirmed in the sample selected for this study. The data collection were done by sending the questionnaire, by e-mail, to a sample composed of 5,200 potential respondents, all users of one of the largest e-commerce wines in the world. Three hundred and seventy-six responses were collected in September 2017, which were subjected to multivariate analysis using the structural equation modeling technique in the PLS-PM package using software R. The results showed that the attributes of the wine did not present statistical significance in relation to the perceived risk in online wine purchases. On the other hand, there is evidence that the perceived risk in online wine purchases negatively affects the online wine repurchase intention. Finally, no evidence was found to support the moderating effect of site quality on the relationships observed in this study. The results of this research were discussed and, at the end, its limitations and some suggestions for future research are presented.