Afrikaans: Verandering vorm ‘n integrale en noodsaaklike komponent van ontwikkelende samelewings. Hierdie verandering kan enersyds teweeggebring word deur die besondere behoeftes wat 'n bepaalde gemeenskap op 'n gegewe tydstip ervaar. Andersyds kan dit ook tot stand kom vanweë wêreldwye tendense wat ontwikkeling en verandering inisieer. Die postapartheid Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap wat op die vooraand van die 21 ste eeu staan, is geen uitsondering in hierdie verband nie en word tans onderwerp aan 'n proses van herstrukturering om aan 'nuwe' politieke en sosiale verwagtinge te voldoen. Verder word die wêreldwye bewegingsverskuiwing van ‘n moderne na 'n postmoderne era ook tans deur Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe ervaar. Hierdie proses van verandering behoort in alle samelewingsinstellings geïntegreer te word en hou hierom bepaalde implikasies vir die studieterrein van beroepsvoorligting in. Hernuwing op die gebied van beroepsvoorligting behoort die politieke en sosiale samelewingsveranderinge, asook die postmoderne invloede te reflekteer en akkommodeer. Dit het krities noodsaaklik geword dat beroepsvoorligting vir die meerderheid van die Suid¬Afrikaanse bevolking toeganklik gemaak word. Terselfdertyd moet dit steeds die behoeftes en diversiteit van individuele leerders hanteer. Hierdie studie poog om 'n potensiele postmodernistiese model vir beroepsvoorligting te ontwerp. Hierdie model sal geskoei wees op die uitgangspunte wat deur die postmodernistiese benadering voorgestaan word. Dit behels 'n beradingsproses wat deur beroepsvoorligting aan alle leerders, ongeag ras, geslag, ouderdom of kultuur gebied word. Die voorligtingsinhoude voltrek aan die hand van 'n narratiewe benadering wat in drie fases verloop. Die studie poog verder om die buigsaamheid van 'n potensiele postmodernistiese model tot beroepsvoorligting aan die hand van 'n literatuurstudie, ex post facto-navorsing, asook aksienavorsing te iIIustreer. Ex post facto-navorsing. voltrek wanneer gefokus word op gevallestudies waar kliënte reeds voorligting ontvang het aan die hand van die tradisionele benadering tot beroepsvoorligting. Hierdie benadering word dan vergelyk met 'n voorgestelde postmodernistiese benadering tot voorligting. Die gevallestudie metode word verder by wyse van aksienavorsing gekontinueer wanneer gefokus word op gevallestudies waar kliënte voorligting ontvang aan die hand van 'n potensiële postmodernistiese model vir beroepsvoorligting. Samevattend kan gesê word dat hierdie studie gerig is om toepassingsmoontlikhede van 'n potensiele postmodernistiese model vir beroepsvoorligting uit te lig en die bruikbaarheid van só 'n model te iIIustreer. English: Change makes up an integral and essential component of developing communities. This change may on the one hand be induced by the special needs experienced by a particular community at a given time. On the other hand it may be due to worldwide tendencies that initiate development and change. The post-apartheid community in South Africa on the brink of the 21st century is no exception in this regard, as it is currently subject to a restructuring process to meet “new” political and social expectations. Furthermore the community in South Africa is at this time experiencing the worldwide shift from a modern to a postmodern era in society. This process of change should be integrated in all institutions of society and for this reason holds determinable implications for the field of study of career counseling. Renewal in the area of career counseling should reflect and accommodate political and social changes in society as well as postmodern influences. It has become critically imperative that career counseling is made accessible to the majority of the South African population. At the same time it has to continue to address the needs and diversity of individual learners. This study further attempts to illustrate the flexibility of a potential postmodernistic model for career counselling by means of a literature study, ex post facto research and action research. Ex post facto research is executed by focusing on case studies in which clients have already received career counselling according to the traditional method. The traditional approach is then compared to the postmodernistic approach to career counselling. Action research is also carried out by means of a few case studies with the focus on the implementation of a postmodernistic model for career counseling. This study further attempts to illustrate the flexibility of a potential postmodernistic model for career counselling by means of a literature study, ex post facto research and action research. Ex post facto research is executed by focusing on case studies in which clients have already received career counselling according to the traditional method. The traditional approach is then compared to the postmodernistic approach to career counselling. Action research is also carried out by means of a few case studies with the focus on the implementation of a postmodernistic model for career counseling. In conclusion it can be said that this study aims to highlight possibilities for a potential postmodernistic model and to illustrate its value. / Thesis (PhD (Educational Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

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<p>This project examines the rise of narratives about the American intelligence community in the mid- to late-twentieth century. In particular, I define a genre that I term counterintelligence literature, works of fiction by postmodernist authors that seek to interrupt the exchange of ideas between the burgeoning intelligence community and the body of popular narratives celebrating its policies. By tracing how canonical authors like Don DeLillo, Ralph Ellison, Joan Didion, and John Barth manipulate the tropes of popular narratives to critique midcentury interventionist foreign policy and the developing national security state, this project reveals the role that popular fiction plays in influencing public opinion and the potential for literature to pose timely political challenges.</p>

acase@tulane.edu / This dissertation identifies and analyzes the politics of three postmodern authors (Vladimir Nabokov, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo) by focusing mainly on their novels that are set during the Cold War. I argue that these authors’ writings, which are often read as apolitical or as cultural critiques, engage with historical and political Cold War issues, like totalitarianism, liberal anticommunism, the threat of nuclear apocalypse, and the expanded role of government agencies. Moreover, I show that although these authors cover similar political topics and often work in similar genres, like the spy thriller, their political orientations vary. What unites their disparate political views is that all three authors endorse individual liberty during the Cold War, and all provide narratives in which their protagonists withdraw from society. The overall implication, then, is that the individual can no longer affect political outcomes in an age of extreme ideologies, overwhelming technology, and seemingly allpowerful governmental agencies. My first chapter examines the politics of Vladimir Nabokov, and by using theorists, like Dominick LaCapra and Cathy Caruth, I argue that Nabokov’s postmodern novels (Bend Sinister, Pnin, and Pale Fire) explore the impact of trauma and reveal the author to be a staunch liberal anticommunist. My second chapter deals with the politics of Thomas Pynchon, and by employing theorists like Fredric Jameson, Michel de Certeau, and Michel Foucault, I argue that Pynchon’s anarchistic leanings in V. and The Crying of Lot 49 give way to a clearer anarchist outlook in “A Journey into the Mind of Watts”—that is, until Gravity’s Rainbow reflects his political despair. My third chapter examines Don DeLillo’s early novels (Americana, End Zone, Players, Running Dog) as well as his more ambitious historical works (The Names, Libra, Mao II, and Underworld), and by using theorists like Linda Hutcheon, Foucault, and Guy Debord, I argue that DeLillo’s politics reflect a type of left-leaning libertarianism. Ultimately, this dissertation serves as a corrective not only to these authors’ statements about the supposed apolitical nature of their work, but it also identifies their political philosophies, which are placed within the larger historical context of the Cold War. / 1 / Jason P. Markell

This thesis examines the role the media played in shaping Tina Modotti's public image during the 1920s in Mexico and the representation of this image in the novel <U>Tinísima</U> by Elena Poniatowska. In Chapter I, the present study tackles also the issues behind the press attitude in relation to the Mexican political situation and the communist influence during the 1920s. Chapter II provides a review of the existing literature on Modotti's life and her involvement in the Mexican Communist Party. It also includes a brief summary of the Mexican Communist Party's origins and development, since the political environment affected the approach of the press upon Modotti. Chapter III focuses on social research through content analysis of press articles about Tina Modotti, which were published by the Mexican newspaper <U>Excélsior</U> in January 1929. The purpose is to analyze the language employed in these accounts in order to uncover a possible bias behavior on the part of the press when covering Modotti's case. Chapter IV deals with the analysis of Poniatowska's novel <U>Tinísima</U> through a postmodern perspective. The connecting theme between this and the former chapter is based on the insertion of articles from <U>Excélsior</U> that function as latent and manifest intertexts in the novel. The objective is to study these insertions in order to interpret Modotti's public and private images within this literary framework. Postmodernism is a pertinent theory since it examines the transgressions of widely accepted views to uncover or demystify reality. Finally, the conclusion in Chapter V links the use of the media as an image breaker to the Mexican social and political context in the 1920s, and suggests political reasons behind Modotti's mistreatment by the press. In addition, the literary representation of Modotti in <U>Tinísima</U> and the analysis through postmodernism provides strong support to this conclusion and points at the role of this novel as an image maker. / Master of Arts

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*page 147 not removed from text / According to postmodern philosophy, the great political errors and crimes of the modern period may be traced back to the essentialism of modern thought. Modernity sought to base universal political projects upon a universal definition of humanity as a rationally self-determining species. However, such a view of humanity is opposed to the real cultural differences which characterize real communities. The essentialist picture of human being, far from furthering the work of freedom, legitimates the suppression of any differences judged to be unessential. Postmodernism hopes to overcome the suppression of differences by rejecting the notion of subjecthood upon which modernity rested. However, by giving up the idea that humanity is essentially self-determining, postmodern politics become incoherent. The concern for the oppressed which animates postmodern philosophy pre-supposes what postmodern critique denies-a real, universal human capacity to alter circumstances in accordance with self-given plans. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>John Metcalf has been living and writing in Canada for twenty-five years. During that time he has demonstrated phenomenal energy in editing anthologies and textbooks of Canadian writing, in promoting the work of Canadian writers, in writing perceptive and provocative assessments of the Canadian literary establishment and, most importantly, in making his own significant contribution to literature in this country. And yet ... Critics of Metcalf' s fiction tend to preface their examinations by noting and attempting to explain the relatively small amount of scholarly activity his works have generated. In the burgeoning industry of CanLit, this lack seems indeed remarkable. Reingard Nischik and Barry Cameron attribute it in part to Metcalf 's preference for the short story, which is too often regarded by Canadian readers as a dry run for the novel, rather than a genre in its own right (Nischik, "The Short Story in Canada" 236; Cameron, "An Approximation of Poetry" 17). Robert Leeker writes: "Another reason Metcalf' s stories have been overlooked is that they are, by contemporary standards, relatively traditional in form" (Leeker 59). This, I think, is an important point: because his stories have been perceived as "relatively traditional in form," Metcalf has remained outside, for example, the coterie of Canadian postmodernism (one which he would no doubt be loath to join but within which his work might have been granted a wider field of reception). In The Canadian Postmodern: A Study of Contemporary English-Canadian Fiction (Hutcheon explains in the introduction that "fiction" here means "novel"), Metcalf merits a one-line reference: his two novels are listed in a parenthesis in the Appendix. This despite the fact that a number of his stories comply with the definition of postmodernism Hutcheon outlines. What I intend to argue here is that Metcalf 's stories are by no means exclusively traditional in form, and that many of them employ techniques generally associated with the postmodern.</p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)