Inaug.-diss.-Basel. / Cover title. "Literaturangabe": p. 19-20.

Thesis (Ph. D. in Comparative Pathology)--University of California, Davis, Sept. 1952. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-38). Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses).

No description available.

No description available.

In early modern Europe, syphilis tormented individuals regardless of social standing. The various stages of infection rendered individuals with visible chancres or “pocky” marks throughout their body. The tertiary stage signaled the spreading of the disease from the infected parts into the brain and cardiovascular system, eventually leading to dementia and a painful death. Beginning with the initial medical responses to venereal disease in the sixteenth century and throughout the early modern period, medical practitioners attempted to identify the cause of syphilis. During the seventeenth century, English practitioners maintained that women were primarily responsible for both the creation and transmission of syphilis. In England, venereal disease became the physical manifestation of illicit sexual behavior and therefore women with syphilis demonstrated their sexual immorality. Contrastingly, French medical practitioners refrained from placing blame on women for venereal infection. The historiography of early modern discourse on venereal disease fails to account for this discrepancy between English and French perceptions of syphilis in the seventeenth century. This thesis seeks to fill the gap in this historiography and suggest why French practitioners abstained from singling out women as the primary source of venereal infection by suggesting the importance that cultural influences and religious practices had toward shaping medical perceptions. The cultural impact of the querelle des femmes and Catholic practices in France plausibly influenced the better portrayal of women within the medical treatises of seventeenth-century France when compared to Protestant England.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

Zugl.: Halle (Saale), Univ., Diss., 2005

Submitted by RICARDO CESAR CAMARA FERRARI null (rccferrari@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-05T15:50:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESEV59.pdf: 2999220 bytes, checksum: d4796fb104f36a34069600090d6741e9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-04-05T18:37:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ferrari_rcc_dr_ilha.pdf: 2999220 bytes, checksum: d4796fb104f36a34069600090d6741e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T18:37:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferrari_rcc_dr_ilha.pdf: 2999220 bytes, checksum: d4796fb104f36a34069600090d6741e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / O trabalho propõe uma aplicação com o uso de desvio padrão para definir limites máximos e mínimos de pacotes e bytes para detecção de anomalias nos fluxos de comunicação entre mestre e escravos com o uso do protocolo DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol v3.0) em uma Smart Grid, além de detecção e bloqueio de ataques originados de máquinas intrusas ou conhecidas. Atualmente, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas sobre uso de sistemas Smart Grid, no entanto, sua implantação possui alguns fatores de risco. Esses fatores estão associados às redes de transmissão de dados, às tecnologias de aquisição e controle das informações, e às vulnerabilidades intrínsecas da união dessas tecnologias. A principal motivação dessa proposta origina-se da necessidade de se garantir segurança dos sistemas Smart Grid e o potencial apresentado pelas Redes Definidas por Software (Software Defined Networking – SDN) em analisar os fluxos de dados em um switch. Assim, a investigação dessas vulnerabilidades, bem como, a identificação de situações de ataques são relevantes a fim de propor soluções de defesa. Para isto, a tecnologia de SDN apresentou-se como uma solução viável e otimizada para a proteção de sistemas Smart Grid, permitindo que seja realizado um monitoramento dos fluxos entre mestre e escravos, e a coleta de informações para análise, abrindo oportunidades para aplicações de segurança em Smart Grid. Dessa forma, foram realizados três experimentos, o primeiro com o objetivo de mostrar a vulnerabilidade de uma Smart Grid, o segundo com o intuito de analisar uma aplicação SDN em uma Smart Grid e o terceiro com dois ataques DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) em uma Smart Grid. O primeiro ataque a partir de máquinas intrusas e o segundo ataque, de escravas, permitindo analisar e monitorar o fluxo de dados e o bloqueio das portas em um Open vSwitch (OVS). Nesse contexto, um componente de um controlador SDN foi modificado para adicionar segurança e monitoramento da rede, tendo um comportamento satisfatório, identificando anomalias e conseguindo realizar bloqueios de portas das máquinas atacantes. / The work proposes an application with the use of standard deviation to define limits of maximum and minimum of packets and bytes for detection of anomalies in the communication flows between master and slave using the Distributed Network Protocol v3.0 (DNP3), besides the detection and blocking of attacks originated from intrusive or known machines. Currently several researches have been developed on the use of Smart Grid systems, however, its implementation has some risk factors. These factors are associated with data transmission networks, information acquisition and control technologies and intrinsic vulnerabilities of the union of these technologies. The main motivation of this proposal comes from the need to guarantee security of Smart Grid systems and the potential presented by Software Defined Networking (SDN). Thus, the investigation of these vulnerabilities, as well as, identification of situations of attacks are relevant in order to propose defense solutions. For this, the SDN technology has presented a viable and optimized solution for the protection of Smart Grid systems, allowing the monitoring of masterslave flows and the collection of information for analysis, opening opportunities for security applications in Smart Grid. In this way, three experiments were carried out, the first to show the vulnerability of an insecure Smart Grid, the second to analyze a SDN application in a Smart Grid and the third with two Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack on a Smart Grid, the first from intrusive machines and the second from slaves, allowing to analyze and monitor the data flow and the lock of the doors in an Open vSwitch (OVS). In this context, a component of an SDN controller has been modified to add security and monitoring of the network, having a satisfactory behavior, identifying anomalies and being able to perform port blocking of the attacking machines.

Orientador: Ailton Akira Shinoda / Resumo: O trabalho propõe uma aplicação com o uso de desvio padrão para definir limites máximos e mínimos de pacotes e bytes para detecção de anomalias nos fluxos de comunicação entre mestre e escravos com o uso do protocolo DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol v3.0) em uma Smart Grid, além de detecção e bloqueio de ataques originados de máquinas intrusas ou conhecidas. Atualmente, diversas pesquisas vêm sendo desenvolvidas sobre uso de sistemas Smart Grid, no entanto, sua implantação possui alguns fatores de risco. Esses fatores estão associados às redes de transmissão de dados, às tecnologias de aquisição e controle das informações, e às vulnerabilidades intrínsecas da união dessas tecnologias. A principal motivação dessa proposta origina-se da necessidade de se garantir segurança dos sistemas Smart Grid e o potencial apresentado pelas Redes Definidas por Software (Software Defined Networking – SDN) em analisar os fluxos de dados em um switch. Assim, a investigação dessas vulnerabilidades, bem como, a identificação de situações de ataques são relevantes a fim de propor soluções de defesa. Para isto, a tecnologia de SDN apresentou-se como uma solução viável e otimizada para a proteção de sistemas Smart Grid, permitindo que seja realizado um monitoramento dos fluxos entre mestre e escravos, e a coleta de informações para análise, abrindo oportunidades para aplicações de segurança em Smart Grid. Dessa forma, foram realizados três experimentos, o primeiro com o objetivo de mostrar a vuln... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The work proposes an application with the use of standard deviation to define limits of maximum and minimum of packets and bytes for detection of anomalies in the communication flows between master and slave using the Distributed Network Protocol v3.0 (DNP3), besides the detection and blocking of attacks originated from intrusive or known machines. Currently several researches have been developed on the use of Smart Grid systems, however, its implementation has some risk factors. These factors are associated with data transmission networks, information acquisition and control technologies and intrinsic vulnerabilities of the union of these technologies. The main motivation of this proposal comes from the need to guarantee security of Smart Grid systems and the potential presented by Software Defined Networking (SDN). Thus, the investigation of these vulnerabilities, as well as, identification of situations of attacks are relevant in order to propose defense solutions. For this, the SDN technology has presented a viable and optimized solution for the protection of Smart Grid systems, allowing the monitoring of masterslave flows and the collection of information for analysis, opening opportunities for security applications in Smart Grid. In this way, three experiments were carried out, the first to show the vulnerability of an insecure Smart Grid, the second to analyze a SDN application in a Smart Grid and the third with two Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack on a Smar... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

As computer networks evolve, they become more complex, introducing several challenges in the areas of performance and management. Such problems can lead to stagnation in network innovation. Software Defined Networks (SDN) framework could be one of the best candidates for improving and revolutionising networking by giving the full control to the network administrators to implement new management and performance optimisation techniques. This thesis examines performance issues faced in SDN due to the introduction of the SDN Controller. These issues include the extra delay due to the round-trip time between the switch and the controller as well as the fact that some packets arrive at the destination out-of-order. We propose a novel dynamic flow installation and management algorithm (OFPE) using the SDN protocol OpenFlow, which preserves the controller to a non-overloaded CPU state and allow it to dynamically add and adjust flow table rules to reduce packet delay and out-of-order packets. In addition, we propose OFPEX, an extension to OFPE algorithm that includes techniques for managing multi-switch environments as well as methods that make use of the packets interarrival time in categorising and serving packet flows. Such techniques allow topology awareness, helping the controller to install flow table rules in such a way to form optimal routes for high priority flows thus increasing network performance. For the performance evaluation of the proposed algorithms, both hardware testbed as well as emulation experiments have been conducted. The performance results indicate that OFPE algorithm achieves a significant enhancement in performance in the form of reduced delay by up to 92.56% (depending on the scenario), reduced packet loss by up to 55.32% and reduced out-of-order packets by up to 69.44%. Furthermore, we propose a novel placement algorithm for distributed Mininet implementations which uses weights in order to distribute the experiment components to the appropriately distributed machines. The proposed algorithm uses static code analysis in order to examine the experimental code as well as it measures the capabilities of physical components in order to create a weights table which is then used to distribute the experiment components properly. The performance results of the proposed algorithm evaluation indicated reductions in delay and packet loss of up to 65.51% and 86.35% respectively, as well as a decrease in the standard deviation of CPU usage by up to 88.63%. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm distributes the experiment components evenly across the available resources. Finally, we propose a series of Benchmarking tests that can be used to rate all the available SDN experimental platforms. These tests allow the selection of the appropriate experimental platform according to the scenario needs as well as they indicate the resources needed by each platform.