Brazil reduced its annual deforested area from 27772 km2 to 4571 km2 from 2004 to 2012. This phenomenal achievement resulted from multiple government initiatives, most notably the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm). However, these ambitious deforestation control policies yield multiple spillover effects. This dissertation examines the effects of the two initiatives from the PPCDAm program, namely the Forest Code of 2012 and the Green Municipality Program. The first chapter provides causal evidence that land registration abates conflicts in Pará. The chapter discusses policy implications in three discussions, prospective deforestation control, potential agricultural growth, and livelihoods promotion within CAR and its related policies. The results from this chapter provoke a question about the drop in land conflicts that stimulates forest conservation on private landholdings. Thereon, my second chapter deals with the dynamic land clearing decision of private landholders in the Brazilian Amazon. The results suggest that the persistence of compliance, thus forest conservation on privately held land, is driven mainly by past compliance and municipality-level incentives. As these two chapters established that land registration abates conflicts, and private landholders are driven by specific incentives to preserve the forest on their land. My third chapter investigates the impact of the provincial governance promotion program on secondary forest recovery. Municipalities participating in the local government improvement program steadily observe an expansion in secondary forest areas. To sum up, my dissertation explores the spillover effects of the deforestation control policy, starting with achieving fewer land conflicts and investigating the local incentives to promote forest protection on private land. Lastly, I provide evidence that the governance promotion program will result in secondary forest recovery. / Doctor of Philosophy / Brazil reduced its annual deforested area from 27772 km2 to 4571 km2 from 2004 to 2012. This phenomenal achievement resulted from multiple government initiatives, most notably the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in the Legal Amazon (PPCDAm). This dissertation presents the unintended consequences of two policies under PPCDAm, namely the Forest Code of 2012 and the Green Municipality Program, on land conflicts, environmental policy compliance, and secondary forest recovery. The first chapter provides robust evidence that perceived land tenure security (via land registration) effectively reduces land conflicts. Further, the chapter invokes if the drop in land conflicts stimulates forest conservation on private landholdings. Subsequently, my second chapter deals with the dynamic land clearing decision of private landholders in the Brazilian Amazon. The results suggest that the persistence of compliance, thus forest conservation on privately held land, is driven mainly by past compliance and municipality-level incentives. As these two chapters established that land registration abates conflicts, and private landholders are driven by specific incentives to preserve the forest on their land. My third chapter investigates the impact of the provincial governance promotion program on secondary forest recovery. Municipalities participating in the local government improvement program steadily observe an expansion in secondary forest areas. In summary, the dissertation begins with a study of the unintended consequences of the deforestation control policy, starting with achieving fewer land conflicts. Then, I present a study of the local incentives to promote forest protection on private land. Lastly, I present that the local governance promotion program will result in secondary forest recovery.

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as obras e os projetos de desenvolvimento econômico da bacia do Tapajós. A região é considerada estratégica devido ao seu potencial energético e a sua localização privilegiada para implantação de um corredor multimodal para escoamento da produção agrícola provinda da região, em especial do Mato Grosso e Pará. Historicamente o uso predatório dos recursos naturais tem sido uma constante nas atividades econômicas ali desenvolvidas e, atualmente, a bacia vem recebendo vultosos investimentos de grandes empresas do segmento do agronegócio e da mineração. Muitos são os impactos socioambientais que tais obras e atividades econômicas ocasionarão e a especulação, bem como a expectativa em torno das obras já está gerando um significativo aumento no desmatamento. A possibilidade de perda de inúmeros habitats de inestimável valor ambiental, cultural e arqueológico pode colocar em risco o equilíbrio e a resiliência da bacia. A questão torna-se mais preocupante em razão de não existir estudos quanto à sobreposição de tantas frentes de pressão sobre os ambientes conservados da região, visto que a bacia do Tapajós é um mosaico de áreas de preservação, incluindo as unidades de conservação e as terras indígenas. Assim através da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, pretende-se responder a seguinte indagação: como equilibrar o desenvolvimento com a conservação da região? Para tanto, impõe-se como objetivo geral a investigação por meio da filtragem constitucional das Políticas Públicas promotoras do desenvolvimento sustentável. O estudo terá como base as garantias constitucionais e os princípios gerais do Direito Ambiental como vetores do desenvolvimento sustentável. A análise do projeto de desenvolvimento econômico da região será contrastada com os prováveis impactos socioambientais decorrentes dos empreendimentos pretendidos para a região e, por consequente, a apresentação do Plano de Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento da Amazônia (PPCDAM) como um caminho para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Diante de tal discussão constata-se que no embate entre o ideal desenvolvimentista, a preservação do meio ambiente e a observância aos direitos fundamentais, prevalece nas tomadas de decisões o ganho de capital e a questão desenvolvimentista. A necessidade de uma mudança de paradigma através do fortalecimento da cultura socioambiental ainda é um obstáculo a ser transposto. Conclui-se que a inovação no uso de uma abordagem integrada de combate às causas do desmatamento trazida pelo Plano de Prevenção e Controle do Desmatamento da Amazônia (PPCDAm), tem o condão de criar um novo modelo para o desenvolvimento da região. Essa nova visão esbarra em alguns entraves de difícil transposição, como a ainda incipiente presença do Estado na região e a pouca exequibilidade do eixo temático responsável pelo fomento das atividades produtivas sustentáveis e a valoração das práticas tradicionais. / The present work has as object of study the works and projects of economic development of the Tapajós basin. The region is considered strategic because of its energy potential and its privileged location for the implementation of a multimodal corridor for the flow of agricultural production from the region, especially Mato Grosso and Pará. Historically the predatory use of natural resources has been a constant in the Economic activities developed there and, currently, the basin has been receiving large investments from large companies in the agribusiness and mining segment. Many are the socio-environmental impacts that such works and economic activities will cause and speculation as well as the expectation around the works is already generating a significant increase in deforestation. The possibility of loss of innumerable habitats of inestimable environmental, cultural and archaeological value may jeopardize the balance and resilience of the basin. The issue becomes more worrying because there are no studies on the overlap of so many pressure fronts on the preserved environments of the region, since the Tapajós basin is a mosaic of preservation areas, including conservation units and lands Indigenous peoples. Thus, through bibliographical and documentary research, the following question is asked: how to balance development with conservation of the region? In order to do so, the general objective is to research through the constitutional filtering of Public Policies that promote sustainable development. The study will be based on constitutional guarantees and the general principles of Environmental Law as vectors of sustainable development. The analysis of the region's economic development project will be contrasted with the likely socio-environmental impacts resulting from the projects intended for the region and, consequently, the presentation of the Amazon Deforestation Prevention and Control Plan (PPCDAM) as a path to sustainable development. Faced with such a discussion, it is noted that the clash between the developmental ideal, the preservation of the environment and the observance of fundamental rights, capital gains and the developmental issue prevails in decision-making. The need for a paradigm shift through the strengthening of socio-environmental culture is still an obstacle to be transposed. It is concluded that the innovation in the use of an integrated approach to combat the causes of deforestation brought by the PPCDAm, has the potential to create a new model for the development of the region. This new vision runs counter to some obstacles of difficult transposition, such as the still incipient presence of the State in the region and the little feasibility of the thematic axis responsible for the promotion of sustainable productive activities and the valuation of traditional practices.