Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-264).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1919.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-90) Also available in print.

xii, 101 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This thesis examines the significant expansion of prisons in Oregon in the last fifteen years. In order to explain the evolution of Oregon's prison growth, the thesis analyzes the ways discourses and representations of crime have justified and explained voter approval for punitive policies in Oregon. Drawing from multi-disciplinary literature that documents the central role played by issue framing and discourse construction in political conflicts, I use the case of the 1994 campaign in which key crime initiatives were passed by Oregon voters. The thesis argues that policy decisions and election outcomes are closely related to long-standing perceptions of"insiders" and "outsiders" as a way to view societal problems. Utilizing an extensive media analysis, this thesis considers how political narratives have influenced the passage of ballot measures committed to a punitive direction in crime policy. / Committee in Charge: Professor Daniel HoSang, Chair; Professor Daniel Tichenor; Professor Joseph Lowndes

Em 1942, entrou em vigor um novo Código Penal e com ele foi estabelecida a primeira diretriz legislativa para a separação física de homens e mulheres no interior do complexo prisional brasileiro. Tal código determinava, pelo Art. 29º, em seu 2º parágrafo, que: As mulheres cumprem pena em estabelecimento especial, ou, à falta, em secção adequada de penitenciária ou prisão comum. Atendendo à determinação do Código, em 1942 foi inaugurado, nos terrenos da Penitenciária do Estado, o Presídio de Mulheres sob os cuidados das freiras da Congregação do Bom Pastor dAngers. A criação do presídio foi precedida por um debate que se estendeu pelos primeiros anos de seu estabelecimento e foi promovido por autoridades penitenciárias, políticos, advogados e médicos. / The new Penal Code came into force in 1942, along with this, it was established the first directive role to separate men and women in brazilian prisons. The Code determinate, by Art. 29th, in its 2nd paragraph, that: Women have to serve their sentence at especial establishment, or, on its absence, in appropriate section in the penitentiary or common prison. Answering for the Code determination, in 1942, it was inaugurated, on land of States Penitentiary, the Womens Prison (Presídio de Mulheres) in the care of the nuns from the Congregação do Bom Pastor dAngers. The prisons creation was preceded by a debate that was extended for the first years of its establishment and was promoted by penitentiary authorities, politicians, lawyers and doctors.

The issue of overcrowding has become one of the major concerns within the Department of Correctional Services in S.A. According to Judicial Inspectorate of Prisons quoted in Annual Report (2002/2003:4) in 2002 the South African offender population has been overpopulated by 72 000. The 236 correctional centres designed to accommodate 100 668 offenders were accommodating 172 071. The focus of this study is to explore the impact of prison circumstances in perpetuating recidivism. Glencoe correctional center is identified as the target centre. The total offender population has been estimated at 950 with 650 offenders being categorised as recidivists. The conclusions were drawn and presented as follows: • Peers have been found to be exercising a crucial role in influencing the behaviour of the offenders. The impact of this influence has been found to be posing a challenge on both individual and family values. • The impact of prison life manifested through processes like the use of drugs, involvement in gangs and identification with the prison life. • The prison system has not been able to convince the iii offenders in terms of fighting crime. Lack of proper security measures, lack of skills training interventions, unemployability of the offender and lack of job opportunities have been identified as challenges that disqualify the prison system as an effective crime prevention institution. • Lack of personnel and lack of policy implementation knowledge are some of the challenges associated with the difficulty in evaluating the appropriateness of rehabilitation programmes. • Sustaining the prison subculture manifested through processes such as identification with the negative role models, purposeful alienation from the community and condoning of violence. • The family system has been identified as another institution that contributes to the development of the prison subculture. • Family-related aspects were identified by the respondents as an area affected by imprisonment. • As indicated in by the theory of Kohlberg in Glick iv (1995:110), high levels of moral development would serve to keep offenders from committing further crime. • To promote offender’s readiness to face the societal life from a positive point of view, there is a need for assistance in drafting individual plans and strategies. • The expectations of the respondents on effective offender reintegration were shared and the relevant role-players were identified. Having drawn the conclusions, the following recommendations were made: • The research focused on sociologically related factors and as a result the need for further research, especially on biologically related factors, emerged. • The scope of the research widened to such an extent that the contributory factors of recidivism were covered at a more general level. Further research to cover the individual factors in more depth is recommended. • There is a need for structures to exercise advocacy intervention on behalf of the offenders in such a manner that they would have a say in issues affecting them. v • Attendance of rehabilitation programmes and demonstration of behavioural change should be awarded in order to serve as a motivation for positive behaviour change. • The need for equipping prison officials to be effective rehabilitators has been identified as a challenge to the prison system. • Integrated functioning of different role-players would serve to promote effective offender reintegration. • The offender needs to be assisted to envision and plan for the future. / Mrs. H.F. Ellis

This paper is an attempt to determine the functions of penitentiary statistics and research for the structure of the Canadian Penitentiary Service. The penitentiary structure is defined as a bureaucracy and the statistics and research program as one of its sub-structures. By studying penitentiary statistics and research some insight is gained into this system operating as a bureaucratic organization. From an historical study of the Penitentiary Service it was found that little research has been done. Furthermore, limited reliance has been placed by penitentiary administrators on statistics and research in decision-making. Major changes in policy resulted from the findings of official enquiries. The major function of existing statistics seems to have been the public accounting of Service operations. With the adoption of inmate rehabilitation as an operating philosophy, the more complex administrative situation which has resulted seems to require increased reliance on a statistics and research program in order to achieve this new goal of the Penitentiary Service. While the need for an expanded statistics and research program in penitentiary administration has been recognized, shortage of funds has necessitated reliance on the Dominion Bureau of Statistics for guidance and implementation of this operation. The involvement of the Bureau has resulted, in the provision of statistics sufficient for public accounting purposes at considerable savings to the Service. However, considering the immediate needs of the Service for increased statistical data and a variety of research studies, the major participation of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics would seem to have a limiting effect on the program from two points of view. Information arising from this study indicates that the ability of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics to produce the required data is insufficient for the optimal operation of the penitentiary statistics and research program. Secondly, the involvement of an outside agency in the program seems to have been interpreted unfavourably by the penitentiary staff, with the result that accuracy of statistical data and internal acceptance of the statistics and research program have been impaired. This research suggests as a general conclusion that it is profitable to study correctional agencies in terms of the theory of complex organizations. More specifically the information obtained indicates that, in order to achieve its present goal of inmate rehabilitation, the Canadian Penitentiary bureaucracy is dependent on the development of an efficient statistics and research program for which there seems to be no functional alternative. Consideration of the administrative arrangements necessary to make this program maximally functional for the penitentiary bureaucracy has led to the conclusion that requirements of efficiency, staff acceptance of this program and therefore ultimate achievement of bureaucratic goals, demand that the Service assume increased control over policy and operation of its program of statistics and research . / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

There has been considerable dissatisfaction among prison authorities and other interested persons concerning the work and recreation programs of prisons in that they do not result in the rehabilitation of the delinquents incarcerated, but rather, that approximately 70 per cent return to prison. A correctional prison program must satisfy the needs of both society and the individuals concerned. This thesis undertakes a review of the total program at the Women's Division, Oakalla Prison Farm, B.C., to assess how far progress has been made in (a) providing an overall atmosphere of treatment while, at the same time, (b) meeting the custodial requirements of a provincial gaol. The method followed includes a detailed study of (a) the facilities and staff, (b) the inmate population, and (c) the routines of work and recreation. Their relation to the current administrative philosophy is historically and empirically assessed. Some case studies have been examined in order to demonstrate what effect, if any, the program has had on individual women. Although there have been studies and experiments of programs in correctional institutions, little attention has been paid to the peculiar needs of women in prison. The problem is to set up a program which at its simplest level will help the women to take responsibility for their own lives, to develop emotionally and socially and to provide them with education and skills that will enable them to take an acceptable place in the community. It is the conclusion of this study that, at the Women's Division, excellent use has been made of the existing facilities in the planning of a full program. The majority of the staff are interested in their work and with adequate leadership could function under a treatment scheme. What seems to be lacking, however, is a conscious structuring of the program and use of staff in accordance with accepted principles of treatment. There is a need for communication among administration and staff and inmates of the purposes and goals of institutional procedures. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

In this dissertation, I propose that a Deweyan ethic—supplemented by Care ethics and ecofeminism can better evaluate, enhance, and nurture human/nonhuman animal relationships. While Peter Singer’s utilitarianism and Tom Regan’s deontology are considered the dominant ethical theories in the field of animal ethics, they cannot fully attend to the complexities of human/nonhuman animal relationships. Some of the shortcomings of Singer’s and Regan’s theories explored in this dissertation are the absence of context, the dichotomization of reason/emotion and human/animal, the calculative sterility of moral deliberation, and the problematic language of ‘rights.’ Further, I propose that a supplemented Deweyan ethic might be fruitfully applied to two canine-training programs in prisons: Paws in Prisons (PIP) and A Dog On Prison Turf (ADOPT). I use the work of Angela Davis and Bénédicte Boisseron on prisons to explore how a Deweyan ethic might be better equipped to evaluate and enhance these relationships, given their location. To fully appreciate the capacity of a Deweyan ethic in human/nonhuman animal relationships, one must wrestle with the messiness of the program’s location while at the same time acknowledge that despite the fact that they are in prison, something meaningful happens here between human/nonhuman animals. In the Deweyan spirit, I test this hypothesis by interviewing participants in these programs and use those qualitative aspects as feedback for my initial hypotheses.

No description available.