京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18621号 / 情博第545号 / 新制||情||96(附属図書館) / 31521 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科数理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 永持 仁, 教授 太田 快人, 教授 髙橋 豊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Childhood mental health problems are considered to fall along internalizing and externalizing dimensions; however, this framing does not fully capture the complexity of the relations among these symptoms. Specifically, internalizing problems (Int), conduct problems (CP), and callous/unemotional (CU) behaviors frequently co-occur and may share emotion functioning and contextual correlates that differentially confer risk across these potential symptom profiles. Research is shifting toward testing models of shared vulnerabilities to childhood emotional and behavioral symptoms, but has yet to extensively examine CU behaviors concurrently with these symptoms. The culmination of findings across relevant literature, though sparse, identifies candidate shared child-specific correlates such as emotion function (i.e., recognition, regulation, lability, processing); exposure to community violence; parent emotion socialization practices; and peer processes (e.g., bullying/victimization, social support) as shared correlates of Int, CP, and CU behaviors that may further differentiate profiles that differ in the frequency, type, or severity of symptoms. Such information could facilitate identification of youth at risk for problematic symptoms and outcomes. The current study sought to identify profiles of Int, CP, and CU behaviors in a sample of 104 low-income (69% income < $19,999; all eligible for free school meals) urban youth (M= 9.93 ± 1.22 years old; 50% male; 95% African American). Teachers rated Int, CP, and CU behaviors; and caregivers rated their emotion socialization practices and youth emotion regulation and lability. Youth reported on bullying, peer victimization, social support, and exposure to community violence and completed two lab tasks to assess emotion recognition and processing. A latent profile analysis yielded three teacher-reported profiles: (1) high internalizing, moderate CU, and moderate CP (High-Int/Mod-CU/CP, n = 16; 51.7% male); (2) high generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, CU, and CP (High-GAD/CU/CP, n = 16; 80.9% male); and (3) low problematic behaviors (Low, n = 59; 45.5% male), with the first two profiles rated as having co-occurring presentations of anxiety, depression, and CU behaviors, with different levels of CP. Auxiliary analyses revealed that the High-Int/Mod-CU/CP and High-GAD/CU/CP profiles differed only in levels of recognition of sad facial expressions, whereas the High-GAD/CU/CP and Low profiles differed on witnessing community violence and emotion regulation. The High-GAD/CU/CP profile also reportedly exhibited the greatest engagement in bullying and emotional lability. Current findings add to the growing literature on profiles of youth emotional and behavioral problems that include different constellations with co-occurring CU behaviors among youth in contexts that place them at increased risk for poor functional outcomes. / Psychology

A recent method for solving singular perturbation problems is examined. It is designed for the applied mathematician or engineer who needs a convenient, useful tool that requires little preparation and can be readily implemented using little more than an industry-standard software package for spreadsheets. In this paper, we shall examine singularly perturbed two point boundary value problems with the boundary layer at one end point. An initial-value technique is used for its solution by replacing the problem with an asymptotically equivalent first order problem, which is, in turn, solved as an initial value problem by using cubic splines. Numerical examples are provided to show that the method presented provides a fine approximation of the exact solution. The first chapter provides some background material to the cubic spline and boundary value problems. The works of several authors and a comparison of different solution methods are also discussed. Finally, some background into the specific singularly perturbed boundary value problems is introduced. The second chapter contains calculations and derivations necessary for the cubic spline and the initial value technique which are used in the solutions to the boundary value problems. The third chapter contains some worked numerical examples and the numerical data obtained along with most of the tables and figures that describe the solutions. The thesis concludes with some reflections on the results obtained and some discussion of the error bounds on the calculated approximations to the exact solutions for the numeric examples discussed

This study utilized an ecological framework to investigate the types of variables that influence adolescent adjustment during middle school and how influences change or stay the same depending on grade level. A cross-sectional approach was taken in which students entering the beginning of their Sixth Grade year and students nearing the end of their Eighth Grade year were administered a comprehensive questionnaire including items about psychological adjustment, parenting characteristics, community support characteristics, ethnic identity, acculturation status, and socio-economic status. Findings suggest that Sixth and Eighth Graders’ experience of emotional and behavioral problems is influenced differently. This is particularly salient as it pertains to parenting support and acculturation variables. Findings support the notion that individualized, multi-systemic style interventions are valuable even within the developmental period of adolescence as important changes in risk and protective factors are taking place as one moves from early- to mid-adolescence.

The current study examined the role that parent-child attachment plays in the relationship between marital conflict and the development of behavior problems in adolescents. To evaluate the hypothesis that attachment moderates this relationship, 57 families were recruited via e-mail invitation sent to families that participated in local church youth groups, school organizations, and a treatment program designed for adolescents with behavior problems. One custodial parent and his/her adolescent child completed an online or paper version of a survey consisting of the Achenbach’s Behavior Checklists, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, and the Children’s Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale. Hypotheses were evaluated using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) procedures to test moderating effects with multiple regression analyses. Mother attachment demonstrated a significant moderation effect between the intensity of interparental conflict and the parent’s report of externalizing behavior problems. Specifically, at low conflict intensity levels, relative to low attachment security, high attachment security was associated with fewer externalizing behavior problems, whereas at high intensities of interparental conflict high attachment security was associated with more externalizing behavior problems.

This dissertation focuses on supply chain design and logistics problems with emphasis on biomass logistics and routing problems. In biomass logistics, we have studied problems arising in a switchgrass-based bio-ethanol supply chain encountered in the Southeast, and a corn stover harvest scheduling problem faced in the Midwest Unites States, both pertaining to the production of cellulosic ethanol. The main contributions of our work have been in introducing new problems to the literature that lie at the interface of the lot-sizing and routing problems, and in developing effective exact algorithms for their solution. In the routing area, we have addressed extensions of the well-known traveling salesman and vehicle routing problems. We have proposed new formulations and have developed exact algorithms for the single and multiple asymmetric traveling salesmen problems (ATSP and mATP), the high-multiplicity asymmetric traveling salesman problem (HMATSP) and its extensions, and the fixed-destination multi-depot traveling salesman problem with load balancing (FD-MTSPB). Furthermore, we have introduced a new strategy to reduce routing cost in the classical vehicle routing problem (VRP). / Ph. D.

Institutions of higher education often promise to graduate individuals capable not only of excelling in their area of expertise but also qualified as exceptional leaders and citizens. Yet, what are the competencies needed from leaders in order to address the most challenging issues facing society? How would higher education cultivate the next generation of leaders for a world of problems we currently cannot solve, and how would it be determined if some graduates were 'more prepared' than others to face these challenges? This dissertation seeks to answer these questions through the work of two distinct manuscripts. The first argues that human processes for meaning-making play critical formative roles in the setting and solving of our most complex problems. In essence, that problem-solving can be considered as embodied acts of meaning-making. This link is made through analysis of Bruner's concept of narrative and highlights the importance played by naming and framing through one's unique perspective while attempting to interpret an ill-structured problem. The second manuscript develops a tool to measure 'systems thinking,' a competency that describes the sort of cognitive flexibility that might be beneficial for graduates to be emerging leaders capable of addressing critical societal issues. A framework for considering systems thinking competency is presented and used as the foundation of a scenario-based assessment tool. Results from a qualitative pilot study are shown as part of introducing the tool with primary findings: (a) the tool elicited meaningful data on each of the constructs for which it was designed; (b) emergent within each construct were possible means of characterizing the data that will allow for future study of variation across respondents. / Ph. D.

My purpose in this work is to examine the major social problems with which the playwrights of the decade between 1930 and 1940 have dealt.

Antepartum bed rest is a prescribed therapy for women with high risk pregnancies to reduce the occurrence of preterm labor, preeclampsia, risks associated with incompetent cervix and other complications. Activity restriction, or bed rest, in high risk pregnancies is based on assumptions that it is both effective for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes and it is safe; however, the efficacy of prescribed antepartum bed rest has been questioned. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive review of research findings about the efficacy of antepartum bed rest and the potential side effects that may result. For this literature review an interdisciplinary review of research was performed using Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMed, and PsychINFO. Current literature shows that activity restriction during pregnancy can have negative effects on the mother including increased levels of anxiety and depression, muscle atrophy, increased risk of thromboembolic events, cardiovascular side effects, and an increase in postpartum recovery time. Considering these common themes, nursing interventions to reduce the instance of these events were studied including music therapy, support groups, family involvement, and fall prevention.