Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 H56 / Master of Science / Computing and Information Sciences

<div>Modern Java application frameworks present significant challenges for existing static analysis algorithms. Such challenges include large-scale code bases, heap-carried dependency, and asynchronous control flow caused by message passing.</div><div>Existing analysis algorithms are not suitable to deal with these challenges. One reason is that analyses are typically designed to operate homogeneously on the whole program. This leads to scalability problems when the analysis algorithms are used on applications built as plug-ins of large frameworks, since the framework code is analyzed together with the application code. Moreover, the asynchronous message passing of the actor model adopted by most modern frameworks leads to control flows which are not modeled by existing analyses.</div><div>This thesis presents several techniques for more powerful debugging and program understanding tools based on slicing. In general, slicing-based techniques aim to discover interesting properties of a large program by only reasoning about the relevant part of the program (typically a small amount of code) precisely, abstracting away the behavior of the rest of the program.</div><div>The key contribution of this thesis is a demand-driven framework to enable precise and scalable analyses on programs built on large frameworks. A slicing algorithm, which can handle heap-carried dependence, is used to identify the program elements relevant to an analysis query. We instantiated the framework to infer correlations between registration call sites and callback methods, and resolve asynchronous control flows caused by asynchronous message passing.</div>

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para implementação de um subconjunto de instruções e comandos de uma linguagem Pascal Padrão ISSO, aplicada a arquitetura RISC, tendo como base a arquitetura RISC-LIE [Vale91], proposta e desenvolvida no IFQSC. Para definição e construção de parte do código gerado foi utilizada a ferramenta de desenvolvimento de compiladores YACC, que definiu toda estrutura gramatical da linguagem, sendo que as demais estruturas foram desenvolvidas usando interfaces em linguagem C. O código gerado pelo computador utilizou trinta instruções de máquina que compõe o simulador da arquitetura RISC-LIE, gerando assim códigos compatíveis que podem ser interpretados por esse simulador. / This work presents a proposal for an implementation of a subset of instructions and commands of Standard Pascal ISO applied to RISC architectures. The work was developed using the RISC-LIE architecture as our target [Vale91]. The RISC-LIE has been proposed and developed at IFQSC. Part of the code was defined and constructed using YACC, a tool for compilers development which defined the grammatical structure of language. The remainder routines were developed using the C language. The code produced by the compiler used the thirty instructions of the RISC-LIE instruction set. These instructions are implemented in the RISC-LIE architecture simulator. Therefore, generates codes that can be interpreted by this simulator.

Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de contribuiçõoes teóricas e metodológicas para o projeto e a implementação de linguagens de programação, utilizando o autômato adaptativo como dispositivo formal para sua definição. A especificação completa de uma linguagem de programação envolve desde a compreensão adequada de princípios e fundamentos comuns entre todas as linguagens de programação, transparentes ao programador, até as suas formas e características externas. Embora muitos modelos e notações possam ser utilizados na formalização de diferentes aspectos envolvidos no projeto e na implementação das linguagens de programação, o autômato adaptativo demonstra alta aplicabilidade e adequação para uma definição completa da linguagem, sem a necessidade do uso de diferentes notações. Demonstra-se como os autômatos adaptativos podem ser utilizados como uma metalinguagem unificada para especificar todas as componentes relevantes da definição formal da linguagem de programação, tais como: análise léxica, reconhecimento da sintaxe livre de contexto e manipulação de alguns aspectos dependentes de contexto da linguagem - declaração e uso de nomes simb´olicos, semântica estática, declaração e expansão de macros, entre outros. São apresentados os conceitos relacionados, e descrito os aspectos mais importantes da formalização proposta. Para isso, utiliza-se uma linguagem imperativa simplificada, sobre a qual é acoplado um mecanismo de extensão para torná-la extensÍvel. / This work presents a set of theoretical and methodological contributions to the design and implementation of programming languages, using the adaptive automaton as device for its formal definition. The complete specification of a programming language involves proper understanding of principles and common ground between all the programming languages, transparent to the programmer, and forms and external characteristics. Although many models and notations can be used to formalize different aspects involved in the design and implementation of programming languages, the adaptive automaton shows high applicability and suitability to full definition of the language, without the need to use distincts notations. It is shown how the adaptive automata can be used as a unified metalanguage to specify all the relevant components of the formal definition of programming language, such as lexical analysis, sintax contextfree recognition and handling of context-dependent aspects of language - declaration and use of symbolic names, static semantics, definition and expansion of macros, and others. Concepts are shown and the most important aspects are described of the this formal proposal. A simple imperative language is used, on which is attached an extension mechanism to make it extensible.

Este trabalho pretende estudar a world wide web sob o ponto de vista da sua forma, considerando sua forma tanto a forma aparente, que é a interface, quanto sua forma oculta, dada pelos códigos que a conformam. A intenção é reunir referências tanto para designers que queiram ir mais além no domínio das linguagens de programação e marcação, quanto para programadores que queiram ter mais domínio sobre a linguagem do design gráfico. Para isso, desmembramos o trabalho em três partes. Uma primeira, trata da formação histórica da rede, com ênfase na transformação do papel do computador, de uma ferramenta de uso militar, para o suporte para um novo meio de comunicação de massa. Em seguida, partimos para uma análise mais objetiva da web sob o ponto de vista de sua forma aparente, e para isso tentamos primeiro compreender o design gráfico como linguagem, e como linguagem, quais são seu elementos constitutivos, além de questões novas que se colocam para o design de interfaces, como arquitetura de informação e usabilidade. Na terceira parte, elaboramos um manual técnico dos protocolos, linguagens e recursos utilizados para a construção de websites. Explicamos como utilizá-los e reunimos exemplos ilustrativos para auxiliar no aprendizado. Por fim, fazemos considerações sobre os agentes envolvidos na produção de websites designers e programadores , sobre a relação entre eles no processo de trabalho e introduzimos questões que se colocam no modo de construção da web de modo mais geral, a partir da relação com um novo tipo de usuário, que é também produtor. Com isso, produzimos um material que serve como introdução ao webdesign, abarcando conceitos e linguagens relacionadas ao processo, que serve como referência para aqueles que quiserem se envolverem com a disciplina. / This work studies the world wide web under the terms of its form, considering their form as the apparent form, which is the interface, and its hidden form, given by the codes that builds it. The intention is to gather as much reference for designers who want to go further in the field of programming languages and markup, and for developers who want to have more control over the language of graphic design. For this, we have unbundled the work in three parts. The first one deals with the historical formation of the network, with an emphasis on the transformation on the role of the computer, from a tool for military use into the support for a new medium of mass communication. Then we went to a more objective analysis of the web from the point of view of its apparent form, and we try to first understand the graphic design as a language and beeing language, what are its constituent elements, and also new issues that arise for the design of interfaces, such as information architecture and usability. In the third part, we prepared a technical manual of protocols, languages and resources used to build websites. We explain how to use them and gather illustrative examples to assist in learning. Finally, we make considerations for those involved in the production of websites - designers and developers -, on the relationship between them in the work process and introduce issues that stand more generally in the way of building the web, related to a new type of user, which is also producer. As a result, produce a material that serves as an introduction to web design, covering concepts and languages related to the process, which serves as reference for those wishing to become involved in discipline.

<div>End users of closed-source software currently cannot easily analyze the security</div><div>of programs or patch them if flaws are found. Notably, end users can include devel</div><div>opers who use third party libraries. The current state of the art for coverage-guided</div><div>binary fuzzing or binary sanitization is dynamic binary translation, which results</div><div>in prohibitive overhead. Existing static rewriting techniques cannot fully recover</div><div>symbolization information, and so have difficulty modifying binaries to track code</div><div>coverage for fuzzing or add security checks for sanitizers.</div><div>The ideal solution for adding instrumentation is a static rewriter that can intel</div><div>ligently add in the required instrumentation as if it were inserted at compile time.</div><div>This requires analysis to statically disambiguate between references and scalars, a</div><div>problem known to be undecidable in the general case. We show that recovering this</div><div>information is possible in practice for the most common class of software and li</div><div>braries: 64 bit, position independent code. Based on our observation, we design a</div><div>binary-rewriting instrumentation to support American Fuzzy Lop (AFL) and Address</div><div>Sanitizer (ASan), and show that we achieve compiler levels of performance, while re</div><div>taining precision. Binaries rewritten for coverage-guided fuzzing using RetroWrite</div><div>are identical in performance to compiler-instrumented binaries and outperforms the</div><div>default QEMU-based instrumentation by 7.5x while triggering more bugs. Our im</div><div>plementation of binary-only Address Sanitizer is 3x faster than Valgrind memcheck,</div><div>the state-of-the-art binary-only memory checker, and detects 80% more bugs in our</div><div>security evaluation.</div>

Este trabalho apresenta uma aplicação da tecnologia adaptativa, de forma viável e prática, ao processo de tomada de decisão encontrado nas organizações e nos sistemas de apoio à decisão. Para alcançar esse fim, é proposto um ambiente para desenvolvimento de aplicações baseado em tabelas de decisão adaptativas. Desta forma um usuário leigo nos conceitos de computação, mas que tenha conhecimento do processo de decisão e do uso de tabelas de decisão, possa compreender, validar, modificar e mesmo desenvolver programas nesta ferramenta. Os principais resultados obtidos neste estudo foram a definição e construção de dispositivos adaptativos, em especial, as tabelas de decisão adaptativas, em linguagem funcional; e a definição de uma linguagem de entrada para a ferramenta proposta, classificada como uma linguagem de domínio específico. / This work presents an application of adaptive technology to the decision making process applied in the business management and Decision Support Systems. To accomplish this goal, a development environment based on adaptive decision tables is proposed. This way, a user who is not familiar to the computing concepts, but that does know the decision making process and the use of decision tables, can understand, change and even develop applications in this environment. The main results obtained from this study were the implementation of adaptive devices, specifically the adaptive decision tables, in functional languages, and the definition of an input language to the development environment proposed, that can be classified as a domain specific language.

by Wu Chung Man, Ronnie. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. / Bibliography: leaves 43-45.

by Chi-keung Luk. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-174). / Preface --- p.xi / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Programming Languages --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Programming Paradigms --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- What is a programming paradigm --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Which came first? Languages or paradigms? --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Overview of some paradigms --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- A spectrum of paradigms --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Mulitparadigm systems --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Objectives of this research --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- "Studies of the object-oriented, the logic and the functional paradigms" --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Object-Oriented Paradigm --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Basic components --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Motivations --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Some related issues --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Computational models for object-oriented programming --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Functional Paradigm --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Basic concepts --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Lambda calculus --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The characteristics of functional programs --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Practicality of functional programming --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Logic Paradigm --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Relations --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Logic programs --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- The opportunity for parallelism --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.31 / Chapter 3 --- A survey of some existing multiparadigm languages --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- Logic + Object-Oriented --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- LogiC++ --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Intermission --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Object-Oriented Programming in Prolog (OOPP) --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Communication Prolog Unit (CPU) --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- DLP --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Representing Objects in a Logic Programming Language with Scoping Constructs (OLPSC) --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.7 --- KSL/Logic --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1.8 --- Orient84/K --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.9 --- Vulcan --- p.42 / Chapter 3.1.10 --- The Bridge approach --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1.11 --- Discussion --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Functional + Object-Oriented --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- PROOF --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- A Functional Language with Classes (FLC) --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- FOOPS --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Discussion --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Logic + Functional --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- HOPE --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- FUNLOG --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- F* --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- LEAF --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Applog --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Discussion --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4 --- Logic + Functional + Object-Oriented --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Paradise --- p.61 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- LIFE --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- UNIFORM --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- G --- p.64 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- FOOPlog --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.6 --- Logic and Objects (L&O) --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- Discussion --- p.67 / Chapter 4 --- The design of a multiparadigm language I --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1 --- An Object-Oriented Framework --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- A hierarchy of classes --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Program structure --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Parametric classes --- p.72 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Inheritance --- p.73 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- The meanings of classes and methods --- p.75 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Objects and messages --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2 --- The logic Subclasses --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Syntax --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Distributed inference --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Adding functions and expressions to logic programs --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- State modelling --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3 --- The functional Subclasses --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- The syntax of functions --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Abstract data types --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Augmented list comprehensions --- p.82 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Semantic Foundation of I Programs --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- T1* : Transform functions into Horn clauses --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- T2*: Transform object-oriented features into pure logic --- p.85 / Chapter 4.5 --- Exploiting Parallelism in I Programs --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Inter-object parallelism --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Intra-object parallelism --- p.92 / Chapter 4.6 --- Discussion --- p.96 / Chapter 5 --- An implementation of a prototype of I --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1 --- System Overview --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- I-to-Prolog Translation --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Pass 1 - lexical and syntax analysis --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Pass 2 - Class Table Construction and Semantic Checking --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Pass 3 - Determination of Multiple Inheritance Precedence --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Pass 4 - Translation of the directive part --- p.110 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Pass 5 - Creation of Prolog source code for an I object --- p.110 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Using expressions in logic methods --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3 --- I-to-LML Translation --- p.114 / Chapter 5.4 --- The Run-time Handler --- p.117 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Object Management --- p.118 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Process Management and Message Passing --- p.121 / Chapter 6 --- Some applications written in I --- p.125 / Chapter 6.1 --- Modeling of a State Space Search --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2 --- A Solution to the N-queen Problem --- p.129 / Chapter 6.3 --- Object-Oriented Modeling of a Database --- p.131 / Chapter 6.4 --- A Simple Expert System --- p.133 / Chapter 6.5 --- Summary --- p.138 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion and future work --- p.139 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.139 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.141 / Chapter A --- Language manual --- p.146 / Chapter A.1 --- Introduction --- p.146 / Chapter A.2 --- Syntax --- p.146 / Chapter A.2.1 --- The lexical specification --- p.146 / Chapter A.2.2 --- The syntax specification --- p.149 / Chapter A3 --- Classes --- p.152 / Chapter A.4 --- Object Creation and Method Invocation --- p.153 / Chapter A.5 --- The logic Subclasses --- p.155 / Chapter A.6 --- The functional Subclasses --- p.156 / Chapter A.7 --- Types --- p.158 / Chapter A.8 --- Mutable States --- p.158 / Chapter B --- User's guide --- p.160 / Chapter B.1 --- System Calls --- p.160 / Chapter B.2 --- Configuration Parameters --- p.162 / Chapter B.3 --- Errors --- p.163 / Chapter B.4 --- Implementation Limits --- p.164 / Chapter B.5 --- How to install the system --- p.164 / Chapter B.6 --- How to use the system --- p.164 / Chapter B.7 --- How to recompile the system --- p.166 / Chapter B.8 --- Directory arrangement --- p.167 / Chapter C --- List of publications --- p.168 / Bibliography --- p.169

Functional reactive programming (FRP) is a paradigm extending functional languages with primitives which operate on state. Typical FRP systems contain many dozens of such primitives. This thesis aims to identify a minimal subset of primitives which captures the same set of behavior as these systems, and to provide an axiomatic semantics for them using first-order linear temporal logic, with the aim of utilizing these semantics in formal verification of FRP programs. Furthermore, we identify several important properties of these primitives and prove that they are satisfied using the Coq proof assistant.