The topic of my thesis are physiography projects and experiments intended for senior elementary school. In the concrete, the thesis is dealing with studies of appearance of various projects and experiments in area of physiography in literature intended for students of senior elementary school and their usage in geography education. The attention is paid also to publicetions of special and non-fiction geography literature, encyclopedia. The theoretical part of the thesis is dealing with anylysis of given literature in vwhich is by the way viewed the measure of representation of projects and experiments from physiography. The experience part of thesis is resulting from knowledges and information gained right in foregoing theoretical part. The main readout of the thesis is tutorial manual (project sheets), which chapters are devoted to studying physiography subjects.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os Sistemas Prediais HidrÃulicos e SanitÃrios (SPHS) vÃm se apresentando como um gerador frequente de problemas apÃs a entrega do imÃvel. Na ConstruÃÃo Civil, com a implantaÃÃo de sistemas da qualidade, o setor de ManutenÃÃo e AssistÃncia TÃcnica se apresenta como facilitador no acÃmulo de registros com esse teor, podendo servir como fonte de aprendizado para os empreendimentos posteriores. Todavia, nem sempre hà o repasse dessas informaÃÃes para o Setor de Projetos de SPHS. Desse modo, a presente pesquisa busca propor um modelo que sirva para a sistematizaÃÃo dessa retroalimentaÃÃo de dados entre o Setor de AssistÃncia TÃcnica da construtora e os escritÃrios de projetos desses sistemas. O trabalho foi dividido em trÃs etapas principais: a primeira consistiu em um estudo preliminar do problema a partir da anÃlise de arquivos em uma construtora cearense, de modo a confirmar o grau da presenÃa de reparos ligados aos SPHS, bem como da existÃncia de sinais de retroalimentaÃÃo. Posteriormente, a partir de observaÃÃes, de anÃlise de documentos e de entrevistas, realizou-se um estudo mais aprofundado na mesma construtora, de forma a descrever o fluxo da informaÃÃo no Setor de AssistÃncia TÃcnica da empresa, e desta para escritÃrio de projetos de SPHS. AlÃm disso, realizou-se uma anÃlise comparativa com outras duas construtoras locais, a fim de se obter um panorama coerente sobre esses processos. Com a identificaÃÃo, na primeira empresa estudada, da presenÃa de situaÃÃes que mostraram aprendizado e indÃcios de retroalimentaÃÃo a partir do Setor de AssistÃncia TÃcnica, analisou-se o grau de utilidade dos dados arquivados neste setor e, entÃo, na terceira etapa, foi proposta uma forma de registro dos reparos ligados aos SPHS, bem como um modelo para retroalimentaÃÃo dos projetos a partir desses dados. / The Hydraulic and Sanitary Building Systems ( SPHS ) often have presented problems after the property i s deliver ed . In Civil Construction, with the implementation of quality systems, the company's Technical Assistance department became a facilitator in managing records of complaints , which may serve as a source of learning to upcoming projects. However, thi s information is not always shared with the SPHS project department . Thus, this research aims at propos ing a model that serves to systematize data feedback between the construction compa ny's Technical Assistance department and the offices in charge of proj ects . Th is study was divided into three main phase s: the first was a primary analysis of files in a construction company from Ceara, Brazil to investigate the occurrence rate of repairs related to SPHS , as well as evidence o f feedback. Later, observations, analysis of documents and interviews took the study of the same construction company to a deeper level. These instruments also described the information flow in the company's Technical Assistance department , and between the company and the SPHS project of fice. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with two other Brazilian construction companies was conducted in order to obtain a coherent overview of these processes. In the first company, situations that point out to evidence of learning from data feedback sh ared by the Technical Assistance department were identified. Subsequently, an analysis of the degree of usefulness of the data archived in this sector was conducted. In the third step of this study, a model was proposed to record repairs related to SPHS, a s well as a model to incorporate feedback data from the construction company‟s Technical Assistance department into projects

(Re-)Searching for the European Roller retraces the working process of Hillside Projects(Jonas Böttern and Emily Mennerdahl), as they set out to investigate the re-introduction of the unusual the European Roller, a bird that hasn’t been nesting in Sweden in fifty years. The essay brings to surface questions regarding the re-introduction of species, the artificial and the natural and the ambiguity of the real. As Hillside Project gathers material and theories about bird migration and bird psychology they start to question the birds need for departure and the strong national desire for its return.

This study seeks to evaluate economic development in the Eastern Cape Province, with a special focus on the agricultural sector. It focuses on the role that Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) play in stimulating economic development. To achieve this, the Eastern Cape Development Corporation (ECDC) was considered as a case study in assessing DFI’s support to the agricultural sector in the province. The study will also look into the corporation’s adherence to the Provincial Growth and Development Plan (PGDP) and its strategic programmes. The study examines how the agricultural initiatives financed by ECDC contribute to economic development in the province. It will also assess whether those agricultural projects may impact the local communities through poverty alleviation. In order to address the research problem and to achieve the research objectives, available literature and empirical work related to the relationship between financial system development and economic development was reviewed. The research revealed that the role played by the ECDC with regard to Agricultural Projects has not been entirely effective to add value to economic development in the province, mainly caused by the lack of non – financial support by skilled people from the corporation, after limited funding was made available. From the investigation, the findings indicate that the effective mplementation of these projects require strengthened capacity, which requires more skilled officials from the corporation to assist the agricultural enterprises in managing the projects; and more funding that will assist the projects to reach sustainability.

M.Ing. / This research study is about evaluating the practicability of using systems engineering approach to rural electrification project risk management. The research was motivated by rural electrification projects in South Africa that have suffered planning, design or operational problems due to uncertainties at project site level. The dissertation begins by describing the rural electrification background in the first chapter. The process of electrifying rural areas, challenges, and achievements so far in South Africa are presented. The government target for universal access to electricity is also highlighted. The next two chapters address the theory of systems engineering, and project risk management as one of the elements of project management. The theory of systems engineering approach to risk management is then applied to a typical electrification project structure. The electrification project is viewed as a system, with risk management as a sub-system of project management. A case study is presented for a rural electrification project in KwaZulu-Natal that has experienced design and operational problems. A risk system is identified from work breakdown structure, and risk hierarchy framework is produced based on project life cycle cost model. Risks are ranked in terms of their impact and probability. The aim of the study is to understand the impact of each risk on general project risk, and risk mitigation measures that should be taken to address those risks. The research finishes by drawing a conclusion that electrification projects are complex, risks are manageable, and systems thinking can be successfully used to manage electrification project risks. Risk management must focus on the project as a whole, including operation and maintenance, rather than focusing at individual project stages.

This research project assesses the development, application and use of paper pulp as a medium for the production of three-dimensional figurative sculptures for application in the Phumani Paper Programme. The research was undertaken to assess the use of this medium with a view to finding ways of stimulating job creation, which would support community development. I chose to focus on the Hear Our Voice (HOV) programme because of its limited success in job creation for the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). The HOV art programme is presented here as a case study, which includes its impact on the 2002 WSSD and links it to the poverty alleviation projects of Phumani Paper. The presentation of the outcomes of the WSSD demonstrate the viability of the study. The participation of all stakeholders on different levels has been incorporated into this research study. Participatory Action Research (PAR) design and methodology is applied to this research project. The research project is divided into two phases: the first, project implementation phase, and the second, research phase. The first phase discusses the involvement of participants in project implementation and the technical aspects of production. Using phase one documentation as a basis, the second phase focuses on the collection of appropriate research data and then on the analysis of this data. In the broad summary of the HOV programme, the challenges and failures of the project faced by disadvantaged communities are highlighted, along with the creative ways in which these challenges were met and, in some cases, continue to be met, by project participants. This research project considers the potential for sustained and sustainable poverty alleviation in the long term through the group participation and the creative use of waste material in order to produce and market good quality paper products. / Ms. K. Berman Dr. G. Mukuka

Soil erosion is a hazard that is adversely affecting agricultural production in the Eastern Cape province. The climatic conditions ad parent material (natural resources) are not conducive for the development of stable soil. This situation is, however, aggravated by amongst other things, poor planning, bad agricultural practices, land tenure, population pressures, overgrazing, etc. Soil reclamation has become one of the Government’s priorities. However, all their attempts have failed. On the other hand the interventions by NGO’s have been successful. This study has found that the most effective way to address the soil reclamation problems and ensure that the soil conservation initiatives are successful and sustainable, is to: 1. Involve the natural resource users (the local community). Community involvement entails the following: -- The community taking ownership and the lead in the initiative -- Where there is a need they must be empowered to make informed decisions. -- For the participation to be effective, there must be technology transfer. -- The immediate beneficiaries must be the active participants. 2. Prevent soil degradation through development of sustainable farming systems for the poor soils. This is a process that needs detailed study of the natural resources as a first step. In this study it was learnt that poor planning as a result of lack of understanding or knowledge of the natural resource of the province, particularly the soil, is one of the key causes of soil erosion. A detailed study of the soils or soil survey of the Eastern Cape has become critically important in order to ensure that planning is based on facts rather than assumptions. This will pave the way for the development of sustainable farming systems. However, without addressing the land tenure system in the Eastern Cape province (communal), by giving ownership of land to the people it becomes difficult to ensure that farmers will invest in the land through soil reclamation and soil conservation practices. / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Land-use planning))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

No abstract available. / Dissertation (MConsSc)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Consumer Science / unrestricted

Transport projects are complex; the interface with different policy areas can often lead to significant challenges to ensuring that long-term value outcomes are achieved. This thesis seeks to explore the challenges associated with the effective provision of transport services from a social exclusion perspective. It uncovers a number of key factors that can affect the successful delivery and provision of such schemes by examining the consequence of the decisions and actions taken by service providers and commissioners. Using a case study approach conducted on three local authority projects across the United Kingdom, the study is exploratory in nature through an in-depth qualitative data analysis. In order to address the aim of the thesis, six key objectives are defined: to understand how transport projects may act as a vehicle for delivering policy aimed at addressing social exclusion in the United Kingdom; to understand and investigate the impact of deregulation of the bus industry on the provision of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded; to critically examine the process underpinning decisions that guide the provision of transport schemes to address social exclusion; to examine the propensity for service users to be actively involved in the decision making process; to conduct a case study research in order to explore the challenges to the successful provision and delivery of the transport services to the socially excluded as a consequence of the decisions and actions taken by the service providers in the case study areas; and to characterise the factors that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.Semi structured interviews were carried out with the service providers in three locations– West Midlands, Sheffield, and Manchester. These interviews seek to determine the challenges to the effective provision and delivery of transport services as a consequence of the decisions and actions of the service providers. Overall, some challenges that could inhibit the provision and delivery of transport services were identified. These include constraint on the provision and delivery of transport services for the socially excluded due to the Competition Act, lack of accessible information, lack of close working relationship between service providers, lack of trust and mutual respect between service providers, too much focus in reducing the number of benefits claimant, service accessibility – inflexible access criteria, lack of support for bus drivers, lack of cultural diversity in the workforce and marketing of services, resource constraints on scheme performance, tendency on the service providers to focus getting output rather than outcomes, partnership issues - lack of commitment, poor communication, lack of common understanding of social exclusion, tendency on the service providers to focus on economic aspect, and lack of willingness to fully engage with citizens in the delivery and provision of transport services.These challenges identified were then further analysed in order to examine the underlying reasons why those challenges existed. Having identified and examined the challenges that could hinder the provision and delivery of the transport services, particularly for the socially excluded, some recommendations were made based on the identified issues that should be considered in the provision and delivery of transport services, particularly for the socially excluded.The findings that emerged contribute toward the social exclusion and transport provision domain in four areas:• Highlighted and provided an understanding of the difficulties surrounding the role of bus drivers and how it affects transport provision for the socially excluded;• The importance and the need to have the local knowledge in delivering transport service;• Understanding service provider’s attitude towards engaging with the community in the provision of transport services; and, • Inadequate funding and the impacts on transport provision for the socially excluded.

This study will not attempt to analyze the various types of plastics presented with respect to the chemical ingredients and chemical processes necessary for their manufacture, but it will deal primarily with the selection and use of the various types of plastics as materials suitable for use in the construction of projects in an industrial arts program.