The main objective of this thesis is to examine the possibility of cooperation of IEDs from ABB and Siemens in accordance with IEC61850. The aim is to create and test a workflow, after which protection relays from ABB and Siemens will communicate with each other via GOOSE messages. This paper provides a description of the international standard IEC61850, as a theoretical basis. Describes in detail the configuration of protection relays SIPROTEC 7SA610 according to IEC61850. Work provides a description of the configuration tools PCM600 and IET600 which are used for configuration of protection relays RELION® REF615 by ABB. In the final part of the work experiences that are written in collaboration used protection.

Mechanical and electrical stresses reduce the life of all devices. The lifetime of some devices is affected by these stress factors more, others less. For high voltage products, it's not just a lifetime or a price, but a security that should be the first. This thesis deals with protection of elements of high voltage switchboards. Specifically, it is a PWC600 Point-on-Wave Controller that attempts to minimize stress when connecting or disconnecting loads or generators.

ABSTRACT Designing Anti-Islanding Detection Using the Synchrophasor Vector Processor Ruth Huang The need for distributed generation (DG) has become more and more popular because of the adverse effects of fossil fuels and the fear of running out of fossil fuels. By having DG, there are less transmission losses, voltage support, controllability of the system, decreased costs in transmission and distribution, power quality improvement, energy efficiency, and reduced reserve margin. The adverse effects of DG are voltage flicker, harmonics, and islanding. Islanding occurs when the DG continues to energize the power system when the main utility is disconnected. Detecting islanding is important for personnel safety, speedy restoration, and equipment protection. This paper describes the different islanding methods currently used and the benefits of combining two passive islanding detection methods, under/over voltage detection and voltage phase jump detection methods, using the synchrophasor vector processor (SVP).

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ricardo Caneloi dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2015. / Com a expansão e o crescimento das redes elétricas, surge a necessidade de usar novas fontes de energia para suprir toda a demanda requerida pelos consumidores. Para atender esta demanda, geradores de pequeno porte (GDs) são instalados ao longo das redes elétricas, para assim aproveitar as diversas fontes de energia que se encontram espalhadas pelo país. No entanto, para conectar estes GDs nas redes elétricas é preciso considerar o evento de ilhamento. Uma condição de ilhamento ocorre quando uma parte do sistema de potência fica ilhado eletricamente da rede da concessionária, podendo causar assim sérios problemas à qualidade da energia suprida aos consumidores. Em virtude da dificuldade, diante de algumas condições de operação, em diferenciar uma situação de ilhamento de outros eventos transitórios que ocorrem em uma rede elétrica, se faz necessária a busca por novos métodos de detecção de ilhamento, em alternativa aos métodos tradicionais. Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo de um algoritmo baseado em Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNAs) para a detecção de ilhamento de geradores distribuídos. O presente algoritmo detecta as condições de ilhamento ao analisar os sinais de tensão da barra do GD, por meio de uma RNA do tipo Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Baseando-se no algoritmo estudado, é proposta uma arquitetura de relé digital para ser implementada em hardware utilizando o software LabVIEW e os chassis cDAQ-9172 e cRIO-9073 (plataformas comerciais de hardware). O algoritmo implementado em hardware foi avaliado com sinais elétricos reais e mostrou-se adequado para a detecção de ilhamento na rede elétrica adotada. Um estudo sobre a implementação do algoritmo com diferentes tipos de plataformas (real time e não real time) e com diferentes taxas de amostragem foi desenvolvido, permitindo avaliar precisamente a relação "recurso de hardware x precisão dos resultados". / Since the power demand is increasing, additional electrical power sources are required to properly supply all consumers. To meet this new increased demand small generators (DGs) are installed in the power grid, thus allowing to use electrical power sources available around the country. However, to connect such DGs in the power grid the islanding event must be considered. An islanding condition takes place when a section of the grid is inadvertently isolated from the utility, thus resulting in problems related to the power quality delivered to the consumers, among others. Depending on the operational condition, it is a complex task to distinguish an islanding situation from other possible events in the power system, new methods are needed to develop this task. This work presents an islanding detection algorithm based on artificial neural network (ANN), more specifically by using a multilayer perceptron (MLP). Considering the presented algorithm a digital relay architecture is proposed to be implemented in hardware by using the software LabVIEW and its commercial platforms (cDAQ-9172 and cRIO-9073). The proposed algorithm was evaluated in hardware using real signals and its expected behavior was checked. Besides, a study considering different sampling rates and different types of hardware (real time and not real time) platforms was developed, thus allowing to precisely verify the relation "hardware x accuracy".

This Master 's thesis deals with the topic of protection of generators in case of faults, short circuits and their calculation according to the valid standard ČSN EN 60909-0 ed.2. The practical part includes the calculation of the minimum and maximum short-circuit currents of the Lipno I hydroelectric power plant at various locations using the NetCalc calculation program and for comparison of program funcionality provides the manual calculation. Next chapter deals with the calculation of settings of each protection function of the SIEMENS Siprotec 7UM622 protection relay, which is used to protect main generators of this hydropower plant.

At present, there is a widespread use of alternative measurement technologies in electrical networks that include current and voltage sensors. Their use is closely related to the use of IEC 61850-9-2 for data transfer of measured values within the substation for the purpose of protection and measurement. The use of sensors and communication standard IEC 61850 together with high-speed Ethernet will simplify the concept of the arrangement of protection terminals in substations and enable the development of a new protection system based on central protection. The dissertation is focused on protection algorithms, which use the SV according to IEC 61850-9-2, and their implementation into the central protection model. Thesis describes development in the field of protection of substations and the currently available solutions using IEC 61850-9-2 and the principle of central protection. Thesis explains algorithms for selected protection functions - overcurrent protection, negative sequence overcurrent protection, logic busbar protection and differential protection. Further, thesis deals with the programming of protection function algorithms in LabView development environment in the form of a central protection model. The model processes data from a process bus according to IEC 61850-9-2 and sends a GOOSE message over Ethernet in the event of a failure. To verify the correct function of the programmed protection algorithms, a testing procedure was developed using OMICRON 256plus, the current sensor and the merging unit. The results of the testing of the central protection model and the proposed algorithms were compared with the results of testing the currently used protections. At the end, the thesis deals with the assessment of the benefits of central protection for protecting substations and the possibility of further utilization of the central protection model. The thesis highlights a new way of protecting the electrification system using digital data from MU transferred via the process bus described in IEC 61850-9-2.

This work describes the structure and function of the distance protection relay Siemens 7SA610 SIPROTEC and presents the basic theoretical knowledge of the communication standard IEC 61850 at the beginning. It focuses on the configuration of the topology of two 7SA610 distance protection relays, PC and secondary relay test set Omicron CMC256 +. These two distance protection relays were programmed by using software implement DIGSI to transmit and receive GOOSE messages. It served to testing this created network by simple function. Computer and tester simulated the control system and commanded auto-reclosure to the first distance protection. Instruction was processed and also sended to the second distance protection. The final objective was to measure the tranfer time of GOOSE message between two distance protection relays. There was used a secondary tester. This measurement was implemented the tester Omicron CMC 256 +, which involves extending the NET-1 and so is compatible with the standard IEC 61850. The results and further actions are summarized in conclusion.

This Diploma thesis deals with the system for protection and remote control for MV switchgear by using protection relays with communication protocols PROFIBUS and IEC61850. The first part represents a theoretical introduction to points at issue. In the first part, the reader will get conceived with the communication standard IEC61850 and its typical architecture for MV switchgear, and also with data model based on this standard. Second part discusses the PROFIBUS communication protocol. In this part, the reader can acquire information about transmit technology and communication protocol for PROFIBUS. Last part of this theoretical chapter contains an overview on the MODBUS communication. The second part deals with the description of protection relays, which were used for the purposes of this thesis. In the first subchapter, the reader can learn about the REM620 from ABB Company, its configuration and cooperation with IEC61850 standard. Second subchapter describes the HMS Anybus communication converter. The reader will get further knowledge about description of this device and how to configure the communication protocols. In last subchapter, a description of protection relay SIPROTEC 7SJ64 produced by Siemens company is explained. With the third part starts the practical work within this thesis with protection relays. This chapter is divided into two parts; each describes different system with using the protection relays. First system contains ABB REM620 relay and HMS Anybus converter. By converting MODBUS protocol with the Anybus converter, the REM620 can be connected to PROFIBUS network. This part includes the configuration of REM620 and Anybus converter, the engineering of MODBUS and PROFIBUS protocols and testing various signals in those networks. The second system contains Siemens SIPROTEC 7SJ64 and ethernet switch. This subchapter deals with the preparation of configuration for SIPROTEC 7SJ64 and the engineering for IEC61850 communication. This part finishes with the comparing of both systems on the engineering bases. The last part of this thesis is about working with the LabVIEW instrument. Within this part, the software emulation of protection relay was made. The program offers to the user the possibility of setting input parameters as the effective values of current and voltage, the frequency and the current phase shift. Also the user can set the thresholds for protection functions, such as the Overcurrent, the Voltage and the Frequency protection. As last one, the Phase unbalance protection for the current phases is present.

This Master 's thesis deals with the topic of protection of generators in case of faults, short circuits and their calculation according to the valid standard ČSN EN 60909-0 ed.2. The practical part includes the calculation of the minimum and maximum short-circuit currents of the Lipno I hydroelectric power plant at various locations using the NetCalc calculation program and for comparison of program funcionality provides the manual calculation. Next chapter deals with the calculation of settings of each protection function of the SIEMENS Siprotec 7UM622 protection relay, which is used to protect main generators of this hydropower plant.

Na primeira década deste século os equipamentos de proteção com tecnologia digital sinalizaram um novo paradigma para a composição dos sistemas de proteção. É fato também que essa tecnologia convive com suas antecessoras, que por força de sua longa predominância ainda exercem alguma influência sobre o pensamento, concepção e operação dos sistemas de proteção. Esses novos equipamentos multifunções, em geral, estão subutilizados, sendo o seu potencial ainda não empregado ou explorado em profundidade. Os relés digitais possuem grande capacidade para resolver alguns dos problemas intrínsecos aos sistemas elétricos de potência, seja do ponto de vista das funções de medição, supervisão, controle, análise de eventos (registros seqüenciais e oscilografias), proteção e comunicação. Como fato, tem-se que uma das vantagens associadas à utilização da capacidade de controle e automação dos relés digitais está em seu potencial de simplificar a concepção dos painéis que compõem as instalações de potência. Isso diminui os tempos de construção, comissionamento e manutenção, além de agregar maior confiabilidade e flexibilidade ao controle. Como proposta fundamental deste trabalho, pretende-se investigar como utilizar adequadamente as capacidades de programação de usuário dos relés digitais de proteção para compor soluções de controle, supervisão e intertravamento para alguns elementos constituintes dos sistemas elétricos de potência. Um conjunto de situações reais foi utilizado como base de estudo para concepção de soluções baseadas nos dispositivos mencionados. Após o desenvolvimento, implementação e ensaio das soluções desenvolvidas, pode-se dizer que tais equipamentos, como um todo, são adequados e convenientes para compor soluções de controle e supervisão em Bays de subestação, sejam eles de concessionárias de energia ou de indústrias em geral. Por fim, o protocolo IEC 61850 foi avaliado de forma qualitativa para confecção das soluções em estudo, apresentando-se como uma alternativa atraente para sua composição, pois modifica significativamente o circuito funcional de uma subestação, tornando-o singelo e com maior confiabilidade, uma vez que o número de conexões elétricas envolvidas é diminuído drasticamente. / In the first decade of this century, a new paradigm for protection systems has been indicated considering the protection equipment with digital technology. A relation between the current and the former technology was proved as well as its influence on the thought, conception and operation of protection systems. In general, this new multifunction equipment is underused, and its potential needs to be more profoundly explored. The electrical power systems have some intrinsic problems which are solved using the vast capacity of digital relays, such as: measurement, supervision and control capabilities, analysis of events (sequential registers and oscillography), protection and communication skills. The capacity to simplify panels, as part of the electrical substations, certainly is one of the advantages associated with digital relays in their capacity of automation. Thus, the time spent in construction, commissioning and maintenance is reduced, adding reliability and flexibility to the control of substations. The development of appropriate programming capabilities to final users of digital relays is the main proposal of this work, considering requirements for control solutions, supervision and interlocking of some components of the electrical power system. A set of real situations, supported by the respective equipment, were used as a background to the conception of solutions. Considering the development and implementation based on practical solutions, this equipment is capable to indicate control solutions and supervision in substation Bays, used at electrical utilities as well as at industries in general. At last, the IEC 61850 protocol was quantitatively analyzed, appearing as a very good alternative to modify the functional substation circuit. As a result, the number of electrical connections has been drastically reduced, improving the reliability of the proposed functional circuit.