Simultaneous measurement of cross sections for pion production in pp recations at beam momenta of 805.2 MeV/c and 796.0 MeV/c with the TOF spectrometer at the COSY accelerator. / Simultane Bestimmung der Wirkungsquerschnitte von pionenproduzierenden pp-Reaktionen bei Strahlimpulsen von 805,2 MeV/c und 796,0 MeV/c mit dem TOF-Spektrometer am Beschleuniger COSY.

Simultaneous measurement of cross sections for pion production in pp recations at beam momenta of 805.2 MeV/c and 796.0 MeV/c with the TOF spectrometer at the COSY accelerator. / Simultane Bestimmung der Wirkungsquerschnitte von pionenproduzierenden pp-Reaktionen bei Strahlimpulsen von 805,2 MeV/c und 796,0 MeV/c mit dem TOF-Spektrometer am Beschleuniger COSY.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1965 G66 / Master of Science

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Establishing the resonance spectrum of the nucleon with accuracy would provide important new information about the dynamics and degrees of freedom of its constituents. The spectrum and properties of nucleon resonances are a fundamental test of the emerging predictions from Lattice QCD calculations and will guide re finements to QCD-based phenomenological models. Pion photoproduction is an excellent tool to study the nucleon resonance spectrum, as this channel is expected to couple strongly to most resonances. The new generation of measurements for this reaction, of which the measurement presented in this thesis forms a crucial part, will provide a great improvement in the quality of available experimental data. For the photoproduction process in particular, the use of photon beams and targets with high degrees of polarisation, coupled with large acceptance particle detectors is essential for disentangling the spectrum of excited states. There are many nucleon resonances predicted by recent Lattice QCD calculations and by phenomenological nucleon models which are only observed inconsistently by different analyses of the same experimental data or which are not observed at all. It is of upmost importance to establish if this means that the resonances do not exist in nature, reflecting inappropriate degrees of freedom in the theoretical description of the nucleon or if the current experimental measurements have not been sensitive enough. As such, there is a current world effort at modern tagged photon facilities to measure the \complete set" of photoproduction observables necessary to fully constrain the partial wave analyses used to extract the experimental excitation spectrum from the data. This thesis will present the first detailed measurement to date of positive pion photoproduction in the 730-2300 MeV photon energy (1400-2280 MeV centre-of-mass energy) region with a linearly polarised photon beam and a longitudinally polarised proton target with a close-to-complete angular coverage in detection of the reaction products. This unique set up allows for the extraction of the double-polarisation observable, G. The data were taken as part of the g9 experiment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Virginia, using a tagged, polarised photon beam and the Frozen Proton Spin Target, FROST, in conjunction with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, CLAS. The results of the study presented here are compared to the sparse existing data set for the G double-polarisation observable along with the current solutions of the the three main partial wave analyses: MAID, SAID and Bonn-Gatchina. Some agreement is obtained with the expectations of these PWA at lower energies, while disagreement at higher energies is clearly evident. This is the energy region where many of the missing resonances are expected to lie. Once incorporated into the MAID, SAID and Bonn-Gatchina models, these new data will provide an important contribution to constraining the amplitudes and therefore the resonance spectrum and properties of the nucleon. The new data will form a central part of the world effort to accurately establish the nucleon excitation spectrum for the first time by achieving the first complete measurement of experimental observables in meson photoproduction.

Aus vorherigen Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgruppe war bekannt, dass der TRPV1 Hitzerezeptor im Vogel sich vom TRPV1 der Säugetiere hinsichtlich der Capsaicinsensitivität und der Regulation der Expression durch NGF unterscheidet. Unterschiede in den Eigenschaften zwischen beiden Hitzerezeptorsubtypen könnten Rückschlüsse auf funktionelle Strukturen des Säugetier TRPV1 erlauben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit war die übergreifende Fragestellung, ob sich beide Hitzerezeptorsubtypen auch hinsichtlich ihrer Protonensensitivität unterscheiden. Für die Untersuchungen wurden Spinalganglienneurone von Küken isoliert und kultiviert. Mit Hilfe der Cobalt-uptake Methode wurde der Anteil der Neurone bestimmt, die funktionell den Hitzerezeptor TRPV1 exprimieren. Diese Experimente wurden nach 1, 2 und 3 Tagen unter Kulturbedingungen durchgeführt, um eine mögliche Veränderung mit der Zeit zu erfassen. Weiterhin wurde untersucht, ob durch Protonen der Anteil hitzesensitiver Neurone beeinflusst wird. Hierfür wurden die Somata nach einem Tag unter Kulturbedingungen in Kombination von Hitze und Protonen stimuliert. Um eine Sensibilisierung der Hitzeantwort durch Protonen in einzelnen Neuronen zu untersuchen, wurde mit Hilfe der Patch-clamp Technik in der whole-cell Konfiguration die Amplitude von Hitze-und protoneninduzierten Gesamteinwärtsströmen untersucht. Zunächst wurde mit der Cobalt-uptake Methode untersucht, ob der Anteil hitzesensitiver Neurone durch Protonen von der Zeit unter Kulturbedingungen beeinflusst wird. Bei einer Temperatur von 44°C stieg der Prozentsatz hitzesensitiver Neurone innerhalb der ersten 3 Tage unter Kulturbedingungen an, unabhängig von der Protonenkonzentration (pH 7,4, pH 6,6 und pH 5,8). Die nächste Frage war, wie hoch der Anteil protonensensitiver Neurone bei Raumtemperatur ist. Hierfür wurden die Zellen nach einem Tag in Zellkultur mit einem Medium von pH 7,4, pH 6,6, pH 6,2 oder pH 5,8 stimuliert. Es zeigte sich ein Anstieg von 3,3% ± 0,5% bei pH 7,4 auf 35,0% ± 4,0% bei pH 5,8. Im Folgenden wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob dieser Anstieg temperaturabhängig ist. Hierfür wurden entsprechende Experimente bei 37°C, 40°C und 44°C nach einem Tag unter Kulturbedingeungen durchgeführt. Im Vergleich war bei 37°C der Anteil positiver Neurone bereits bei 6,2 so hoch wie bei Raumtemperatur bei pH 5,8. Mit weiter zunehmender Temperatur verringerte sich jedoch der Anteil positiver Neurone mit steigendem pH. So war bei 44°C und pH 5,8 nur noch ein geringer Anstieg zu verzeichnen. Im letzten Teil der Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe der Patch-clamp Technik hitze- und protoneninduzierte Einwärtsströme gemessen. Es konnte exemplarisch gezeigt werden, dass die Amplitude des hitzeinduziereten Einwärtsstroms temperaturabhängig ist. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Amplitude des hitzeinduzierten Einwärtsstroms bei einem Medium von pH 6,6 im Vergleich zu pH 7,4 deutlich ansteigt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass der Küken TRPV1 ähnlich wie der der Säugetiere durch Protonen in Konzentrationen, die im entzündlichen Gewebe vorkommen, sensibilisiert werden kann. Es kommt sowohl zu einer Rekrutierung von weiteren hitzesensitiven Neuronen also auch zu einer verstärkten Antwort bereits hitzesensitiver Neurone. / From previous publications of the work group it was already known that the TRPV1 heat receptor of birds differs from the TRPV1 of mammals in regards to the capsaicin sensitivity and the regulation of the expression by NGF. Differences in properties between the two heat receptor subtypes might allow conclusions on functional structures of the mammal TRPV1. In the study it was examined whether both subtypes of heat receptors also differ concerning their sensitivity of proton. For this analyzes, spinal ganglion neurons of chicks were isolated and cultivated. By means of the cobalt-uptake method the percentage of neurons was identified which functionally expresses the heat receptor TRPV1. These experiments were conducted after 1,2 and 3 days in culture conditions to be able to evaluate a possible change over time. Further on it was examined whether the percentage of heat sensitive neurons is influenced by proton. For this, the neurons were stimulated after one day in culture conditions in combination of heat and proton. To study the sensitisation of the heat response through proton within single neurons, the amplitude of heat and proton induced total ionic currents was examined by using the patch-clamp method in the whole-cell configuration. As a start, it was examined by means of the cobalt-uptake method whether the percentage of heat sensitive neurons is influenced by proton over time in culture conditions. At a temperature of 44°C the percentage of heat sensitive neurons increased within the first 3 days in culture conditions independently on the concentration of proton (pH 7,4, pH 6,6 and pH 5,8). The next question was the percentage of proton sensitive neuron at room temperature. For this, the cells were stimulated after one day in cell culture with a medium of pH 7,4, pH 6,6, pH 6,2 or pH 5,8. An increase of 3,3% ± 0,5% at pH 7,4 up to 35,0% ± 4,0% at pH 5,8 could be identified. In the following it was evaluated whether this increase is dependent on temperature. Therefore, experiments at 37°C, 40°C and 44°C after one day in culture conditions were conducted. In comparison at 37°C the percentage of positive neurons was already at 6,2 as high as at room temperature at pH 5,8. With a further increasing temperature, the percentage of positive neurons decreased with increasing pH values. Thus, at 44°C and pH 5,8 only a little further increase could be identified. In the last part of the study, heat and proton induced ionic currents were measured by using the patch-clamp method. Exemplarily it could be demonstrated that the amplitude of heat induced ionic currents is dependent on temperature. Further on it could be demonstrated that the amplitude of the heat induced ionic current significantly increases at a medium of pH 6,6 compared to a pH of 7,4. The results of this study show that the TRPV1 of chicks similarly to the one of mammals can be sensitized by proton in concentrations as they exist in inflamed tissue. This results in a recruiting of additional heat sensitive neurons as well as an intensified response of already heat sensitive neurons.

Fung Wai-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Includes bibliographies.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / This project aimed to investigate proton unbound states in 32Cl using the 32S(3He; t) charge-exchange reaction. This research is relevant both in the context of nuclear structure and astrophysics. Excited states in 32Cl up to Ex 6 MeV were produced using a 50 MeV 3He++ beam from the K200 separated sector cyclotron at iThemba LABS. The triton ejectiles were mass analysed and detected at the focal plane of the K600 magnetic spectrometer. An additional segmented silicon detector array called CAKE was used to detect the unbound protons from states in 32Cl in conjunction with the tritons. In this work we looked for potential sources of isospin admixture that could explain the apparent violation of the Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation (IMME) for the A = 32, T = 2 quintet. We also investigated the possibility of determining the 31S(p; ) reaction rate indirectly, via measurements of the partial proton widths of unbound states in 32Cl.