Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Nilza Luzzi.pdf: 1452536 bytes, checksum: 949e60529fb5d8c87a8c3f5fa4127c04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-13 / This research analyses the construction of the agroecologic debate in Brazil. The aim is comprehend the emerging and the evolution of agroecologic question in several social actors agenda and the importance the theme was assuming to each of them. That construction was made with the following basis: the experience of PTA/FASE net; the rural social movements, specially the rural syndical movement and the MST; some State institutions, principally the ATER National Policy and EMBRAPA referential marc. Beyond the theme in discussion, it was intended to have a historic recuperation for each of the actors considered, about their main questions and objects of fight, since the 1980 s up to nowadays, the period our analysis is about. The research also intends to investigate the aspects which collaborated for the expressive growing of the agroecology discussion in the country and the main obstacles for its effective incorporation by those social actors, which constituted a fundamental element, essential for the formulation of an alternative proposition for the Brazilian agriculture development. Starting from the empiric material collected interviews with qualified actors and the using of technical-scientific works, congress resolutions and other existent documents we verified that the agroecologic debate has grown considerably in the last two decades. Initially restricted to a small group of intellectuals and professionals, specially from agrarian sciences, and centered in alternative technologies, the debate started being incorporated by different social actors basis organizations, rural social movements, assessors institutions, educational, rural researching and extending institutions , becoming the worry about agroecology an important element for the formulation of public policies for familiar agriculture. The incorporation of agroecology referential and the use of participative methodologies have modified significantly the intervention strategies from NGOs. Instead of working with technology transference they started searching for a more systemic intervention which consider the ecological, economic and cultural agriculturists rationalities. The agroecology national re-articulation, with the creation of ANA and ABA-Agroecologia, has become the debate stronger and has grown the agroecology political legitimacy. The continuous dialogue and the narrow of relations between them constitute an important challenge for the agroecology progress, even in political or in technological fields. However, this theme is still being incorporated and interpreted in very different ways among agroecological organizations. In social movements, as in educational, research and extending institutions, the incorporation is growing, but the experiences and the practical actions are still isolated and developed by a minor number of people. Make the agriculturist have an active role in productive process, as a technician mediating the popular and the scientific knowledge, is a very complex process. It requires that the technician reconsider the power that the scientific knowledge, first of all, can give him or her, and it requires a re-thinking about the ways and the methods used during decades by technical assistants and rural extending professionals, including the NGOs. Although the agroecologic debate has presented a strong growing in the last years and the theme has gained more and more legitimacy and recognition, the main challenge for a more effective incorporation and a more generalization of these agroecological innovation experiences is a political challenge. The agrobusiness power in Brazilian economical policy and in agriculture constitutes a large obstacle for a progress in the formulation of a democratic and sustainable project of rural development for the country, based in familiar agriculture and in agroecology. / viii RESUMO Esta tese analisa a constru??o do debate agroecol?gico no Brasil. O objetivo ? entender o surgimento e a evolu??o da quest?o agroecol?gica na agenda de diferentes atores sociais rurais e a import?ncia que o tema vai assumindo para cada um deles. Esta constru??o foi feita tendo por base: a experi?ncia da Rede PTA/FASE; os movimentos sociais rurais, especialmente o movimento sindical rural e o MST; algumas institui??es do Estado, principalmente a Pol?tica Nacional de ATER e o Marco Referencial da EMBRAPA. Para al?m do tema em quest?o, procurou-se fazer um resgate hist?rico, para cada ator social considerado, de suas principais quest?es e bandeiras de luta, desde a d?cada de 1980 at? os dias atuais, per?odo em que se concentra nossa an?lise. A tese procura investigar tamb?m os fatores que colaboraram para o expressivo crescimento do tema agroecologia no pa?s e os principais entraves para que o mesmo seja efetivamente incorporado por estes atores sociais, constituindo-se em um elemento fundamental indispens?vel para a formula??o de uma proposta alternativa de desenvolvimento para a agricultura brasileira. A partir do material emp?rico coletado atrav?s de entrevistas com atores qualificados e da utiliza??o de trabalhos t?cnico-cient?ficos, resolu??es de congressos e outros documentos existentes constatamos que o debate agroecol?gico cresceu consideravelmente nas duas ?ltimas d?cadas. Inicialmente restrito a um pequeno grupo de intelectuais e profissionais, especialmente das ci?ncias agr?rias, e centrado nas tecnologias alternativas, este debate foi sendo incorporado por diferentes atores sociais organiza??es de base, movimentos sociais rurais, institui??es de assessoria, institui??es de ensino, pesquisa e extens?o rural , tornando-se a preocupa??o com a agroecologia um elemento importante na formula??o de pol?ticas p?blicas para a agricultura familiar. A incorpora??o dos referenciais da agroecologia e o uso de metodologias participativas alteraram significativamente as estrat?gias de interven??o das ONGs. Ao inv?s de trabalhar com transfer?ncia de tecnologias passaram a buscar uma interven??o mais sist?mica que leve em conta as racionalidades ecol?gicas, econ?micas e culturais dos agricultores. A rearticula??o nacional da agroecologia, com a cria??o da ANA e da ABAAgroecologia, fortaleceu o debate e aumentou a legitimidade pol?tica da agroecologia. A continuidade do di?logo e o estreitamento das rela??es entre ambas constituem um importante desafio para o avan?o da agroecologia, tanto no campo pol?tico quanto tecnol?gico. No entanto, esta tem?tica ainda est? sendo incorporada e interpretada de forma bastante desigual entre as organiza??es do campo agroecol?gico. Nos movimentos sociais, assim como nas institui??es de ensino, pesquisa e extens?o rural, a incorpora??o ? crescente, por?m as experi?ncias e a??es pr?ticas ainda s?o pontuais e desenvolvidas por uma minoria. Transformar o agricultor em sujeito do processo produtivo, com o t?cnico sendo um mediador entre o conhecimento popular e o cient?fico, ? um processo bastante complexo. Exige que o t?cnico reconsidere o poder que o saber cient?fico, em princ?pio, lhe propicia e requer um repensar das formas e dos m?todos utilizados durante d?cadas pelos profissionais de assist?ncia t?cnica e extens?o rural, inclusive das ONGs. Embora o debate agroecol?gico tenha apresentado forte crescimento nos ?ltimos anos e o tema esteja ganhando cada vez mais legitimidade e reconhecimento, o principal desafio para a incorpora??o mais efetiva e a maior generaliza??o destas experi?ncias de inova??o agroecol?gica ? pol?tico. A for?a do agroneg?cio na pol?tica econ?mica e na agricultura brasileira constitui um grande entrave para o avan?o na formula??o de um projeto democr?tico e sustent?vel de desenvolvimento rural para o pa?s, ancorado na agricultura familiar e na agroecologia.