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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The single market and pharmaceutical industry in the European Union: Is there any evidence of price convergence?

Timur, Aysegul 01 June 2006 (has links)
During the last two decades, the European Union (EU) has experienced closer market integration through the removal of trade barriers, the establishment of a single market, and the reduction of exchange rate volatility. In addition, there have been several structural reforms in product markets designed to increase competition, monitor cross-country price differences and increase transparency. One anticipated effect of market integration is price convergence, because of the reduced potential for price discrimination across the EU. This dissertation explores market integration and price convergence in the European pharmaceutical market, which is the fifth largest industry in the EU. Since 1985, many EU directives have been adopted to achieve a single EU-wide pharmaceutical market, with the aim of enhancing the quality of life for European citizens and the European pharmaceutical industry's competitiveness and research and development capability. Using annual 1994--2003 data from five EU countries on prices of drugs used to treat cardiovascular disease, this dissertation explains how the integration process has affected cross-country drug price dispersion in the EU. The results show strong evidence of price convergence in the pharmaceutical market, with long term price differences arising from country fixed effects.
2

住宅價格指數之研究 / The Research of Housing Price Indexes

楊宗憲, Patrick Young Unknown Date (has links)
過去由於國內住宅市場的資訊並不流通,以致市場上出現的價格資訊相當混亂,就價格的種類來看,各種名目住宅價格間的差異未有明確釐清,使一般人常會對不同的住宅價格產生誤解。就時間序列來看,不同的時間、地區及住宅類型,到底住宅價格的變動如何,也未能有一嚴謹且量化之指標表示。   本研究運用標準住宅的概念編製住宅價格指數,所謂標準住宅乃是指一定時間、地區、類型,市場上成交的住宅中,典型的住宅屬性及其數量的組合,也就是說,觀察市場上成交典型住宅的價格變動情形,作為指數編製的基礎,以控制住宅的異質性,再以特徵價格法來求得各屬性的單價以進一步控制品質。另外,由於住宅成交數量變動較大,因此運用裴氏公式作為指數公式,使加權權重的誤差不致太大。   由各地區的指數變動趨勢可得到以下幾點結論:首先,一般所認為的三次房地產價格高峰期(62至63年、68至70年、76至78年),從指數的變動來看並不明顯,只有76至78年的上漲趨勢較明顯,在經過幣值平減後,長期趨勢更顯平緩;其次,長期來看,住宅價格持續上漲,部分時期持平或下跌,但幅度及持續時間有限,故所謂房價下跌,其實跌的是上漲率;最後,就上漲幅度來看,台北縣、市的幅度最大,除台北市外,非都市地區(非省轄市)房價的上漲速度較都市地區(省轄市)為高。   最後歸納二個造成一般人對住宅價格變動之錯誤印象的原因。主要是品質未加控制,由於品質會影響住宅價格,且消費的住宅品質及數量會隨時間而改變,一般人未察覺此點,而造成對房價上漲的誤解。其次是未考慮幣值,由於「今天的一塊錢不等於明天的一塊錢」,因此以名目價格觀察住宅價格變動的作法,也會造成對房價變動的誤解。

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