L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une contribution sur les perspectives d’intégration régionale des territoires français du Pacifique dans le contexte international actuel, et d’identifier plus particulièrement les potentialités de développement d’activités sur les marchés extérieurs. L’émancipation des collectivités françaises en Océanie ne peut se résumer à leur éradication de la liste des dix-sept territoires à décoloniser de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU). Plus généralement, l’insertion dans les flux du commerce international des îles de moins d’un million d’habitants est au cœur des enjeux du développement insulaire. Ainsi, nous tenterons de savoir si la représentation de référence des économies du Pacifique, MIRAB (Migration, Remittances, Aid, Bureaucracy), répond toujours aux défis apportés par la mondialisation. En effet, le système commercial multilatéral connaît une mutation profonde et semble engagé dans un morcellement régional de ses sphères d’influence. Depuis le début des années 2000, l’initiative des accords Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) et Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) apparaît comme la première étape pour la construction d’un marché régional unique dans le Pacifique. L’Océanie compte sept millions de consommateurs répartis sur un tiers de la surface du globe. Mais l’éloignement, le faible degré d’ouverture et l’hétérogénéité des îles du Pacifique influent directement sur les politiques commerciales. En sus, en Nouvelle-Calédonie comme en Polynésie française plus de 97% des entreprises ont moins de 10 salariés. Comme dans la majorité des îles d’Océanie, le modèle économique n’est orienté que vers le marché intérieur et présente peu de compétences pour l’export. Dans ce contexte, les territoires français sont tous deux référencés comme l’un des 34 « hotspot » de la biodiversité ; leurs écosystèmes sont parmi les plus diversifiés au monde. Fort de cet avantage comparatif, la valorisation de la faune et la flore endémiques peut néanmoins prendre différentes formes : l’agriculture, le tourisme, l’extraction des ressources, la recherche scientifique. Nous tenterons de définir l’exploitation du patrimoine naturel la plus appropriée dans une logique de développement durable. / The objective of this thesis is to make a significant contribution on the prospects of regional integration of the French Pacific territories in the current international context. As well, it aims at identifying the opportunities for business development to the export market. The emancipation of the French collectivities in Oceania cannot be confined to removing them from United Nations’ list of seventeen territories to be decolonized. More generally, the integration of islands with populations of under one million into international trade flows is the key to the issues of insular development. We will therefore seek to determine whether the MIRAB (Migration, Remittances, Aid, Bureaucracy) reference model of the Pacific economies is still up to the challenges of globalization. The multilateral trading system is undergoing profound change and seems to be seeing a regional fragmentation of its spheres of influence. Since the early 2000’s, the initiative of the Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement (PICTA) and Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) agreements would appear to be the first step towards the construction of a regional single market in the Pacific. Oceania represents a market of seven million consumers scattered over one-third of the surface area of the globe. Geographical isolation, lack of commercial openings and the heterogeneous nature of the Pacific Island economies have a direct influence on commercial policies. Furthermore, in New Caledonia as in French Polynesia 97% are very small businesses employing less than 10 people. As in most islands of Oceania, the economic model is only oriented toward the internal market and is not structured for export. In this context, the French Pacific territories are labeled as one of the 34 «hotspot » of the biodiversity; their ecosystems are amongst the most diversified in the world. Rich of this competitive advantage, the valorization of the endemic fauna and flora can take many forms: agriculture, tourism, extraction of resources, scientific research…We will try to define the most profitable exploitation of the natural heritage for a sustainable development.

The problem of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of a mechanical pacing device in improving the typewriting skills of students in intermediate and advanced typewriting classes at the college level.

<p> The general purpose of this work is to study the feasibility of using McMaster University's PACER and MACSIM Executive Computer Programmes to simulate the environmental control system in a large building by means of elementary modules. </p> <p> The operation of PACER is described together with some general instructions as to its use. </p> <p> A number of module subroutines are developed, covering a wide cross-section of the type of equipment used in the air conditioning, heating and ventilation of a building. They are used in various combinations within the main programme to demonstrate their use. The programmes developed are not sufficient to simulate a complex system; however, they would act as a guide to the user for developing the necessary programmes to enable him to represent almost any type of equipment. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Cardiovascular fitness levels in physical education have decreased for males and females in an inner-city high school, with female cardiovascular fitness decreasing the most. Cardiovascular fitness is important because participating in cardio exercises decreases health issues such as obesity and cardio problems. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore the views of teachers regarding low cardiovascular fitness among adolescent females in physical education and how a professional development could help teachers to address the problem. Bandura’s social learning theory was used as the study’s conceptual framework. Semistructured and open-ended interview questions were used to collect data from 6 veteran PE teachers to address the research questions regarding teachers’ experiences in promoting cardiovascular exercises, levels of participation in cardiovascular exercises, and perceptions of professional development to help ameliorate the problem. Participant responses to the open-ended interview questions were analyzed by coding common words to create categories to develop themes. Qualitative findings revealed that participants started to notice low cardiovascular endurance in 9th grade, that professional development was not geared towards improving female adolescent activities nor assisting PE teachers in how to model these. A professional development, via the proposed project, was developed that will provide activities that can be used by both new and seasoned physical education teachers. Social change will occur in that implementation of the ideas shared in project may lead to a healthier and physically active lifestyle when students reach adulthood.

The growing use of the internet and the wide variety of applications which run on it puts a considerable demand for high bandwidth networks. All optical core networks are one such possible networks which cater to the demand of high bandwidths.Since the all optical routers use the fiber delay lines as optical buffers, it is impossible to build optical buffers of such high capacity.The present day solutions for optical buffers are fiber delay lines(FDL) which are nothing but long optical fiber lines which are convoluted and folded in order to provide the necessary delay in transmission resulting in a small buffer which can store packets and thus can be used as a buffer.If we consider the example of a single TCP source sending an infinite amount of data with packets of constant size with the flow passing through a single router. If we make an assumption that the sender's access link is much faster than the receiver's bottleneck link of capacity, it will cause packets to be queued at the router.We propose a mechanism to pace traffic in the network based on the queue length of the buffer in the output port. The underlying principle delays the transmission of the packet depending on the instantaneous queue length of the buffer.A prototype of such a model was simulated in network simulator and the performance metrics were measured.