As the commercial business is getting more and more active, along with the living standard of Taiwanese people improved, consumers not only care about the quality of products, but also emphasize the spiritual side they can create. Therefore, packing gifts with ribbons has changed the quality of people¡¦s life and molded their dispositions unobtrusively. There is a saying that ¡§the tailor makes the man¡¨, and it goes the same with gift packing. Besides, gift packing has become a media for an enterprise to sell its products in a more creative way. This study tried to explore the influence of ribbon gift packing on the behavior of consumers through the emphasis on the concept of creativity, uniqueness and refinement. This study utilized E. B. M. consuming behavior model, taking as an independent variable the consuming behavior of the consumers buying gifts packed with ribbons and tacking as dependent variables the demographics variable and the life style variable, and it came up with a research framework and a hypothesis. Besides, the study used purposive selection form the consumers buying gifts packed with ribbons, and the data would be verified through statistical methods. The study found that the factors of the life style of the consumers in Taichung who buy gifts packed with ribbons includes fashion pursuing, independence and confidence, life efficiency, social experience, stereotype, and egoism. Through factor analysis, those consumers are divided into four groups: traditional value group, fashion trend group, highly independent group and experimentalist group. There are noticeable disparities among each group in terms of ages, monthly salary, education levels and vocations. The consumers in each of the groups behave differently on their consuming behaviors. The noticeable differences are shown in need cognition, information searching, evaluation of schemes, purchasing and results. The seller can do some adjustments on the strategy of marketing combinations according to these five factors.

published_or_final_version / Computer Science / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

CFD simulations were used to study single phase and multiphase flows through structured packing. Simulations utilizing a high fidelity, digital copy of a packing element were validated against experimental results for both single phase and multiphase flows. Single phase simulations were carried out on a variety of periodic packing elements to examine the impact of packing channel geometry on pressure drop. Multiphase simulations on periodic elements were used to examine the effect of hydrodynamic properties and boundary conditions. Single-phase simulations of nitrogen flow through the high fidelity geometry produced via X-ray CT scans showed average deviations less than 15% when compared to experimental measurements. This error was reduced to 7% when a mesh utilizing prism layers to accurately resolve the boundary layer was used. With a validated model for single phase flow, the application of CFD to packing design was investigated on periodic geometries with varied packing parameters (e.g. channel corrugation angle and channel side length). It was found that current industrial packings have channel geometries maximizing pressure drop, indicating some degree of optimization around channel geometry is possible depending on separation needs. Multiphase simulations using the Volume of Fluid model examined the effects of liquid density, viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle on small-scale packing geometries. Contact angle had the most pronounced influence on predicted wetting, and simulations demonstrated that using experimentally determined static contact angles was not an appropriate choice for the simulation contact angle. The predicted influence of surface tension qualitatively matched experimental data for wetted area. Liquid viscosity and density also demonstrated qualitative agreement with semi-empirical models derived from experimental data. Experimental data collected via absorption of CO2 into 0.1 mol/L NaOH were compared to simulation predictions using a geometry generated via X-ray CT scans. Wetted area predictions matched experimental data best when a fully wetting static contact angle (0°) was used, yielding simulated results 3.4% lower than experimental data on average. Irrigated pressure drop and holdup predictions were significantly higher than experimental data. / text

No description available.

Using a partial differential equation model derived from the ideas of the Meyerowitz and Traas groups on the role of the growth hormone auxin and those of Green and his group on the role compressive stresses can play in plants, we demonstrate how all features of spiral phyllotaxis can be recovered by the passage of a pushed pattern forming front. The front is generated primarily by a PIN1 mediated instability of a uniform auxin concentration and leaves in its wake an auxin fluctuation field at whose maxima new primordia are assumed to be initiated. Because it propagates through a slowly changing metric, the patterns have to make transitions between spirals enumerated by decreasing parastichy numbers. The point configurations of maxima coincide almost exactly with those configurations generated by the use of discrete algorithms based on optimal packing ideas which suggests that pushed pattern forming fronts may be a general mechanism by which natural organisms can follow optimal strategies. We also describe in detail a numerical method that is used to efficiently and accurately integrate the model equations while preserving the variational structure from which they are derived.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 63.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:52:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 spadotto_af_me_botfca.pdf: 614576 bytes, checksum: 8ec2075fad0656c56bb212b1bb7a4978 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do mundo. Esta cultura é primariamente produzida para obtenção de álcool e açúcar. A produção brasileira de cana-de-açúcar na safra 2007/2008 é estimada em 547 milhões de toneladas. Este aumento é devido ao clima, aos investimentos ocorridos nas indústrias atraídas pela crescente produção nacional de carros bicombústiveis e pelo aumento da venda de açúcar e álcool ao mercado externo. O crescimento acelerado dessa cultura fez com que alguns problemas surgissem. A atual preocupação com o meio ambiente tem feito com que empresas produtoras de cana-deaçúcar invistam na mudança do sistema de colheita. Essa mudança consiste na redução da queima do canavial na pré-colheita e na utilização do corte mecanizado com cana crua. A colheita com corte mecanizado torna disponível o palhiço e esse resíduo traz benefícios ao sistema produtivo, pois parte desta biomassa residual pode ser deixada no campo com a finalidade de melhorar as características químicas e físicas do solo e controlar plantas infestantes; o restante desse palhiço pode ser usado como uma excelente biomassa para uso na co-geração de energia. Porém, para viabilizar a co-geração, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de sistemas que minimizem o custo da retirada e do transporte desse material. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho é propor técnicas matemáticas para auxiliar na otimização do sistema de transporte do palhiço resultante da colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar, do campo para o centro de processamento, para ser aproveitado como matéria prima na co-geração de energia. Para isso, foram aplicadas técnicas de otimização, buscando maximizar a quantidade de resíduos a ser colocada no caminhão, minimizando assim o custo com transporte. / Brazil is the larger sugarcane producer of the word. This culture is primarily produced to obtain alcohol and sugar. The Brazilian production in the season 2007/2008 is estimated in 547 million tones. This increase is due to the climate, to the investments occurred in the industries attracted by the increasing national production dual fuel cars and by the increase of the sugar and alcohol sales to the international market.The current preoccupation with the environment has made with that the sugar cane industry invests in change of the harvest system. This change consists in the reduction of the sugar cane plantation burning in the pre-harvest and the use of mechanized cut with raw sugar cane. However the harvest using mechanized cut becomes available the sugar cane trash and this residue bring benefices to productive system, therefore part of this residual biomass can be left in the field with purpose to improve the chemical and physical ground features and control infest plants; the remain of sugar cane trash can be used as excellent biomass to use in energy co-production. Ahead of this, the aims this work is optimize the sugar cane trash transport resulting of the mechanized harvest, of field to processing center, to be used to advantage as a raw material to energy co-generation. To this were applied optimizations theories, trying maximize residues quantity to be placed in the truck, minimizing like the transport cost.

Orientadores: Eduardo Candido Xavier, Flávio Keidi Miyazawa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T03:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_JeffersonLuizMoisesda_M.pdf: 1516196 bytes, checksum: b3f9127c1017ef29bf9c429bb93e1a0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudamos problemas de empacotamento com restrições de descarregamento considerados NP-difíceis. Estes problemas possuem aplicações nas áreas de logística e roteamento. Assumindo a hipótese de que P ? NP, sabemos que não existem algoritmos eficientes para resolver tais problemas. Uma das abordagens consideradas para tratar tais problemas é a de algoritmos de aproximação, que são algoritmos eficientes (complexidade de tempo polinomial) e que geram soluções com garantia de qualidade. Estudamos técnicas para o desenvolvimento de algoritmos aproximados e também alguns algoritmos para problemas de empacotamento online que podem ser utilizados na resolução do problema estudado. Propomos também algumas heurísticas para o problema e, além disto, provamos que duas destas heurísticas possuem garantias de aproximação com fatores constantes. Realizamos testes computacionais com estes algoritmos propostos. Dentre estes, a heurística GRASP foi a que obteve melhores resultados para as instâncias de teste consideradas / Abstract: In this work we study some NP-hard packing problems with unloading constraints. These problems have applications in logistics and routing problems. Assuming P ? NP, there are no efficient algorithms to solve these problems. On way to deal with these problems is using approximation algorithms, that are efficient algorithms (polynomial time complexity) that produce solutions with quality guarantee. We study techniques used in the development of approximation algorithms and some algorithms for online packing problems which can be used to solve the considered problem. We propose some heuristics for the problem and prove that two of them have constant approximation guarantees. We also perform computational tests with the proposed algorithms. Among them, the GRASP heuristic achieved the best results on the considered instances / Mestrado / Teoria da Computação / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

If, however, one could develop a model for a given physical system, that is a model which can be described in terms of lumped masses, springs beams, and dashpots and then identify the parameter simply by processing acceleration data such as that obtained from drop tests or shaker tests, the task of identification is greatly simplified.

No description available.