This study investigated the efficacy of a parent questionnaire as a component for screening early language development of children 16 to 30 months of age with cleft lip and palate. Thirty nonsyndromic children with cleft lip and palate and 30 children without clefts received the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Toddler (CDI:Toddler), administered by a pediatrician. In addition, a speech-language screening was performed by a speech-language pathologist. Results of the two assessments indicated that the CDI:Toddler was a valid screener of language development when compared with a comprehensive speech-language screening. Language and speech characteristics of the subject populations are discussed. In particular, differences between the cleft and noncleft groups demonstrated evidence of delays in expressive language development in the children with cleft lip and palate.

This study examined the effects of a vocabulary intervention for 3 children with cleft lip and/or palate who showed limited consonant inventories and delayed expressive language. In a multiple baseline design across behaviors, a vocabulary intervention was implemented using a milieu model. The treatment produced an increase in vocabulary production that generalized to a conversational language sample in the clinic and home as reported by parents. Phonological variables, including consonant repertoire and syllable structure, were monitored before and after language treatment for all children. Phonological performance improved and did not need to be addressed as a separate goal in intervention.

Speech-language impairment is one of the most common clinical features in velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS). This report describes the speech and language development of four children with VCFS studied longitudinally from 6 to 30 months of age and compares their performance with three groups of children: (1) normally developing children, (2) children with cleft lip and palate, and (3) children with isolated cleft palate. The data show that young children with VCFS show a receptive-expressive language impairment from the onset of language. Further, speech and expressive language development were severely delayed beyond a level predicted by their other developmental or receptive language performance. The children with VCFS showed severe limitations in speech sound inventories and early vocabulary development that far exceeded those shown by the children with cleft lip and palate and children with isolated cleft palate. This study indicates that young children with VCFS emerge from a critical speech and language learning period with severe limitations in their communicative abilities. Further studies are required to describe the later course of these early speech and language impairments and to explore the relationship to learning disabilities described for older children with VCFS.

There has been a lack of comprehensive analyses of the articulation and phonological skills of preschool cleft palate children. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis, following a model suggested by Ingram (1981), was completed on three preschool children with cleft palates. The analysis was completed on a videotaped conversational play sample. Each sample was transcribed using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), compensatory substitution symbols, and diacritics. The samples were analyzed for a phonetic inventory of the sounds in the initial, medial, and final positions of words; for homonyms; for substitutions, distortions, and omissions; and for phonological processes. Each of the four analyses was summarized on a summary sheet. The results of the study indicated that each of the four analyses provides information that would enhance intervention planning. The results demonstrated that the subjects appeared to benefit more from some of the analyses than others. Each subject scored differently on the whole analysis. This was not predictable from the former testing results available for the subjects. Therefore, it seems essential that a comprehensive speech analysis be provided for preschool children who have cleft palates and are at risk of articulation and phonological delay.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Obturator therapy has been proposed for many years as an aid in maxillary orthopedics for the complete unilateral cleft lip and palate infant. The obturator appliance had the added benefit of providing a false palate against which the infant can suckle. This has aided in the feeding of these infants to assure adequate nutrition with the least effort for parent and child. The current study assessed three aspects of obturator therapy at James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana. Parental evaluations of the obturator proved to be very positive. Almost all parents (96%) rated it as beneficial and would recommend its use to other parents with cleft lip and palate infants. Weight gain analysis over the first nine months of life demonstrated that these infants were only slightly below the average for birth weight. At three and nine months of age, a number (69% and 56% respectively) had maintained their original weight percentile rankings or had just dropped into the next lower category. Thus, many of the infants were able to achieve adequate nutrition, a problem noted by many authors when obturator therapy was not used. It should be emphasized that each infant underwent either one or two major surgical procedures during this time period. Arch symmetry assessments at one, four and ten months showed a gradual reduction in lateral posterior crossbite, canine crossbite, and anterior crossbite tendency. Although the arches still showed some collapse at the end of ten months of age, the pattern was much better than at initial presentation with values much closer to normal. Improvements in arch symmetry was expected as the maxilla grew. From the results of this study, obturator therapy appears to be beneficial in maxillary orthopedics by helping to maintain adequate weight gain and gain parental acceptance.

No description available.

No description available.

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is a complex, heterogeneous disorder which occurs due to the interplay between environmental and biological risk factors. Individuals in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are exposed to a multitude of risk factors resulting in a greater occurrence of CL/P. Research and knowledge of which risk factors are associated with CL/P in LMICs may aid health care professionals such as speech-language therapists in low-income countries in the early identification of at-risk infants. Objective: To identify and review published data on the risks associated with CL/P in LMICs. Design: A systematic review of literature was performed on electronic databases using the PRISMA-P. Literature on risks associated with CL/P in LMICs, from 2010 to 2020 was included. Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies adopted an observational study design. Biological and environmental risks were identified. Maternal and paternal age (n=7) and low socioeconomic status (n=5) were the most prominently associated environmental risk factors. Regarding biological risk factors, a strong association was identified between family history of cleft (n=7) and CL/P occurrence. Conclusion: Environmental risk factors are now being investigated more than biological risk factors in LMICs, hindering health care workers in the early identification (EI) of the possible cumulative effects of risks in CL/P. Contextually-relevant tools are recommended to promote the EI of at-risk infants. / Dissertation (MA (Speech-Language Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MA (Speech-Language Pathology) / Unrestricted

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This investigation examined the relationship of the self-concept of children with cleft lip and palate to the self-concept of non-cleft children. Fifty cleft lip and palate children between the ages of eight and 18 were individually matched by age, sex and race with 50 non-cleft children. Each child was given the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Children with clefts, regardless of sex, reported significantly lower global self-concept than non-cleft subjects (p < .005). Further significant differences between cleft and non-cleft subjects were found in five of six cluster scores. These included: behavior (p < .05), school status (p < .05), popularity (p < .05), happiness and satisfaction (p < .001), and physical attributes and appearance (p < .001). A significant effect (p < .01), was found on the popularity score, with cleft males feeling less popular than their non-cleft peers. A significant effect was also found on the anxiety score, with cleft females reporting significantly more anxiety (p < .01) than their non-cleft peers. A questionnaire was completed by the parents of the cleft and non-cleft subjects evaluating their child's relationship with family, peers and progress in school. In general, parents of both groups reported positive ratings of their child's social interactions. Parents of cleft. . subjects reported more negative responses than the parents of non-cleft subjects concerning the teasing the child experiences because of his/her facial appearance (p < .05) and the effect that the child's facial appearance had on progress in school (p < .05).

Development of the palate morphology and shape of the dental arch in patients with cleft Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the differences in development of the palate morphology and in the relationship and shape of the dental arches in two groups of individuals with different types of orofacial cleft defects. Introduction: Orofacial clefts are the cause of the insufficient growth of the face. Range of the resulting deformation depends on the type of cleft, individual growth disposition of the patient and comprehensive interdisciplinary treatment of the cleft. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 18 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and 18 patients with isolated cleft palate. Measurements were performed on study casts of patients aged 9 and 13 years in average. Following measurements were performed: the frontal and distal width of the upper and lower dental arch, the length of both halves of the upper dental arches, the frontal length and depth of the upper dental arch and the overjet. According to the sagittal relationship of the dental arches, patients were classified into one of five categories of the GOSLON yardstick score. The results were compared between groups and between both age periods using one- or two-sample Wilcoxon test and Fisher test for the GOSLON...