• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Uso da palha de carna?ba em revestimento de dutos

Fernandes, J?ssica Emanuela de Ara?jo 28 February 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaEAF_DISSERT.pdf: 2802549 bytes, checksum: f4835fb277277d60879f0b91ee07c465 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In this work, the plant species Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore (carnauba), naturally occurring which prevails in the northeast region of Brazil was the subject of studies aiming its use as external coating of pipelines used in petroleum industry. The part of the plant worked were the leaves, also called straw, which were coated with resinous material. For this purpose, it was necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of acrylic resins in the straw carnauba coating. The properties of the untreated carnauba straw and chemically treated with sodium hydroxide, hexane and carbon tetrachloride were investigated by ATRFTIR, SEM and thermal analysis. The first two techniques showed that treatment with solvents has caused major changes in the straw surface, while the thermal analysis indicated that the sodium hydroxide caused variations in thermal stability of straw constituents. Water absorption measurements showed that treatments have accelerated the absorption process and the reduction of contact angle values for treated samples with solvents indicated higher hidrophilicity of straw. The tensile tests showed lower values of elastic modulus and tensile strength for treated samples. Furthermore, coatings using pure commercial resins A and B as well as the formulations with clay were applied in straw and they were examined once again through thermal analysis, water absorption measurements, contact angle and mechanical tests. To analyze the effect of heat ageing, samples were subjected to tensile tests again in order to assess its resistance. The results showed that the resins/clay formulations increased thermal stability of straw, they promoted a good impermeabilization and caused significant decrease in the values of elastic modulus and tensile strength. Evaluating the ageing effect on the mechanical properties, it has been showed good recovery to the coated straw with the formulations A 60 and A 80% in modulus and tensile strength values and elongation at break values have remained very close. It is thus concluded that the carnauba straw can be used as a coating of pipelines with significant cost savings, since there is no need for pretreatment for its use and shows itself as a viable biotechnology alternative, contributing to the quality of coatings material and environment preservation. / Neste trabalho, a esp?cie vegetal Copernicia prunifera (Miller) H. E. Moore (carna?ba), de ocorr?ncia natural predominante da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil, foi alvo de estudos objetivando sua utiliza??o como revestimento externo de dutos da ind?stria do petr?leo. A parte da planta trabalhada foram as folhas, tamb?m chamadas de palhas, que receberam um revestimento resinoso. Para tanto, foi necess?rio avaliar a efic?cia do uso de resinas acr?licas no revestimento da palha de carna?ba. As propriedades da palha n?o-tratada e tratada quimicamente com hidr?xido de s?dio, hexano e tetracloreto de carbono foram investigadas por FTIR-ATR, MEV e TG. As duas primeiras t?cnicas mostraram que os tratamentos com os solventes provocaram maiores modifica??es na superf?cie da palha, enquanto o estudo termogravim?trico indicou que o hidr?xido de s?dio causou varia??es na estabilidade t?rmica dos constituintes da palha. Medidas de absor??o de ?gua mostraram que os tratamentos aceleraram o processo de absor??o e a redu??o dos valores de ?ngulo de contato para as amostras tratadas com os solventes indicou aumento da hidrofilicidade das palhas. Os ensaios mec?nicos apresentaram menores valores de m?dulo el?stico e tens?o de ruptura para as amostras tratadas. Al?m disso, revestimentos com resinas comerciais puras A e B assim como composi??es com argila foram aplicados nas palhas e estas foram analisadas novamente atrav?s da termogravimetria, medidas de absor??o de ?gua, ?ngulo de contato e resist?ncia mec?nica. Para analisar o efeito do envelhecimento t?rmico realizado, as amostras foram submetidas mais uma vez aos ensaios mec?nicos, a fim de avaliar sua resist?ncia. Os resultados mostraram que as formula??es resinas/argila aumentaram a estabilidade t?rmica da palha, promoveram uma boa impermeabiliza??o e causaram significativa redu??o nos valores de m?dulo el?stico e tens?o de ruptura. Ao avaliar o efeito do envelhecimento nas propriedades mec?nicas, percebeu-se boa recupera??o nos valores de m?dulo e tens?o para a palha revestida com as formula??es A 60 e A 80%. J? os resultados de deforma??o mostraram que os valores permaneceram bem pr?ximos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a palha de carna?ba pode vir a ser utilizada como revestimento de dutos com significante redu??o de custos, j? que n?o h? a necessidade de tratamento pr?vio para seu uso e mostra-se como uma alternativa biotecnol?gica vi?vel, contribuindo com a qualidade de material de revestimentos e a preserva??o do meio ambiente.
2

Uso do p? da palha de carna?ba em comp?sitos de quitosana

Marques, J?ssica Souza 24 February 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaSM_DISSERT.pdf: 2134980 bytes, checksum: d9d14af471d3325a59885975b6f26a37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work a biodegradable composite using the carnauba straw s powder as reinforcement on chitosan matrix polymeric were manufactured. Firstly, were carried out the chemistry characterization of the carnauba straw s powder before and after treatments with NaOH and hexane. Goering and Van Soest method (1970), flotation test, moisture absorption, FTIR, TG/DTG, DSC and SEM have also being carried out. Composites were developed with variations in granulometry and in powder concentrations. They were characterized by TG/DTG, SEM and mechanicals properties. The results of chemical composition showed that the carnauba straw s powder is composed of 41% of cellulose; 28,9% of hemicellulose and 14% of lignin.The flotation test have indicated that the chemical treatment with NaOH decreased the powder s hidrophilicity.The thermal analysis showed increased of thermal stability of material after treatments. The results of FTIR and SEM revealed the removal of soluble materials from the powder (hemicelluloses and lignin), the material became rougher and clean. The composites obtained showed that the mechanicals properties of the composites were decreased in respect at chitosan films, and the composites with the powder at 150 Mesh showed less variation in the modulus values. The speed test of 10 mm/min showed the better reproducibility of the results and is in agreement to the standard ASTM D638. The SEM analysis of fracture showed the low adhesion between the fiber/matrix. The increase of volume of powder in the composite caused a decrease in values of stress and strain for the samples with untreated powder and treated with hexane. The composite with 50% of the powder s treated in NaOH didn t have significant variation in the values of stress and strain as compared with the composites with 10% of the powder, showing that the increase in the volume of fiber didn t affect the stress and strain of the composite. Thereby, it is concluded that the manufacture of polymeric composites of chitosan using carnauba straw s powder can be done, without need for pre-treatment of reinforcement, become the couple of carnauba straw s powder-chitosan a good alternative for biodegradable composites / Neste trabalho foi produzido um comp?sito biodegrad?vel utilizando o p? da palha de carna?ba como refor?o e quitosana como a matriz polim?rica. Inicialmente, foi realizada a caracteriza??o qu?mica do p? da palha de carna?ba antes e ap?s os tratamentos com NaOH e hexano. Os m?todos de an?lise utilizados foram a determina??o da composi??o qu?mica descrita por Goering e Van Soest (1970), ensaio de flota??o e absor??o de umidade, FTIR, TG/DTG, DSC e MEV. Os comp?sitos foram desenvolvidos com varia??es na granulometria e nas concentra??es do p? da palha de carna?ba. Estes foram caracterizados por TG/DTG, MEV e por suas propriedades mec?nicas. Os resultados da composi??o qu?mica mostraram que o p? da palha de carna?ba ? constitu?do de 41% de celulose; 28,9% de hemicelulose e 14% de lignina. Os ensaios de flota??o indicaram que o tratamento com NaOH diminuiu o comportamento hidrof?lico do p?. As an?lises t?rmicas indicaram aumento na estabilidade t?rmica do material ap?s os tratamentos. Os resultados do FTIR e MEV evidenciaram a remo??o de materiais sol?veis do p? (hemiceluloses e lignina), deixando o material mais rugoso e limpo. An?lise t?rmica dos comp?sitos mostrou que ambos, refor?o e matriz sofrem degrada??o t?rmica na mesma temperatura. A adi??o do p? da palha de carna?ba diminui as propriedades mec?nicas do comp?sito em rela??o ao filme de quitosana puro e, o comp?sito obtido com os p?s a 150 Mesh foi o que apresentou menor varia??o nos valores de m?dulo. A velocidade de ensaio de 10 mm/min apresentou melhor reprodutibilidade nos resultados e se encontra de acordo com a norma ASTM D638. As an?lises de fratura do MEV mostraram baixa ades?o entre a fibra e a matriz. O aumento do volume de p? no comp?sito polim?rico provocou a diminui??o dos valores de tens?o e deforma??o para as amostras com p? n?o-tratado e tratado com hexano. Os comp?sitos com os p?s a 50% tratado com NaOH n?o apresentaram varia??o significativa nos valores de tens?o e deforma??o em rela??o aos comp?sitos com o p? a 10 %, indicando que o aumento no volume de fibra n?o comprometeu os valores de tens?o e deforma??o do comp?sito. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que a fabrica??o de comp?sitos polim?ricos de quitosana utilizando o p? da palha de carna?ba pode ser feito, sem a necessidade de tratamento pr?vio do refor?o, tornando o par p? de palha de carna?ba-quitosana uma boa alternativa para materiais comp?sitos biodegrad?veis

Page generated in 0.0681 seconds