La presente tesis tiene por título “Propuesta de diseño del sistema solar fotovoltaico para el sistema eléctrico en el Anexo de Tinco, Distrito de Alis, Provincia de Yauyos y Departamento de Lima-2017”. El objetivo principal es elaborar una alternativa de diseño de un sistema solar fotovoltaico. Se logró diseñar la propuesta, mediante la caracterización socioeconómica de la población en estudio, un análisis técnico de los requerimientos para un sistema fotovoltaico in situ, un análisis de viabilidad mediante encuestas aplicadas a los pobladores y un análisis de rentabilidad para poder demostrar que es posible y sostenible la propuesta. Entre los principales resultados se tiene que un sistema de 500W de potencia con 1 x Inversor de onda modificada HAMI SOLAR 12V 600W, 1 x Controlador de carga 20A, 1 x Batería solar descarga profunda 100Ah, sería el ideal considerando el consumo medio diario de energía de 1287 Wh/día, que es fácilmente abastecido por este sistema que puede entregar hasta 3000 Wh/día.

La structure de la zone euro a évolué dans le temps et ce avant la mise en circulation de la monnaie unique. Depuis le début de la crise, l'hétérogénéité de la zone euro est plus que jamais mise en avant. En effet, les économies de la zone euro convergent et divergent en fonction de la conjoncture. La crise a placé le comportement et le rôle de l'euro au cœur dudébat économique. La déconnexion entre l'évolution de son taux de change et celle de ses déterminants ainsi que son impact sur les exportations sont démontrés dans la thèse. Nos résultats suggèrent que même si le taux de change reste un déterminant important des exportations, le rôle de la compétitivité structurelle est de plus en plus important. / The Eurozone pattern has evolved over time and that before the experience of the unique money. Since the beginning of the crisis, the heterogenity of the Eurozone is more than ever highlighted. Actually, the Eurozone economies converge and diverge according to the conjuncture. The crisis placed the euro behavior and role at the core of the economic debate.The disconnection between the evolution of its exchange rate and those of its determinants is showed in the thesis as well as its impact on exports. Our findings suggest that even the exchange rate is an important determinant of exports, the role of structural competitiveness is increasingly important.

The aim of the thesis is to design a method of recycling / reutilization of photovoltaic panels at the end of their service life. In the theoretical part is introduced and described photoelectric effect, history, development, production methods and types of photovoltaic panels. Furthermore, the composition and structure of photovoltaic panels are discussed and the technologies currently used for recycling these panels for maximum energy savings are specified. The experimental part of the work is mainly focused on the development of a prototype device, which can measure the current efficiency of the used photovoltaic panels, based on a comparative method, and quickly determine in the field conditions the future reusability of the solar panel.

El presente trabajo ha sido elaborado con la finalidad de proponer lineamientos de aspectos regulatorios de la Micro Generación Distribuida Residencial Fotovoltaica (MGDRF), para que los usuarios regulados residenciales que consumen energía eléctrica de la red, tengan la facultad de producir energía eléctrica para su autoconsumo, obteniendo un reconocimiento económico por sus excedentes que se inyectan a la red eléctrica. Cabe precisar que los usuarios residenciales, no tienen capacidad de negociación con sus suministradores (distribuidores) para reducir sus facturaciones por energía eléctrica. La implementación de la MGDRF, brinda la oportunidad de generar energía eléctrica libre de contaminación sonora y ambiental, siendo necesario su regulación a fin de que se defina principalmente la potencia máxima a generar, requisitos y criterios técnicos que se deben cumplir, así como establecer el mecanismo comercial por la energía inyectada a la red, cuando la generación sea mayor a la energía autoconsumida. Mediante el trabajo desarrollado se han evaluado aspectos regulatorios de diversos países, asimismo, se han efectuado evaluaciones económicas para elegir el mecanismo comercial que genere mayores incentivos para que los usuarios tomen la decisión de realizar la inversión de la MGDRF. Para lograr el desarrollo de la Generación Distribuida en el menor plazo posible, como viene sucediendo en otros países, es necesario que no se continúe postergando la aprobación del Reglamento de Generación Distribuida. Para ello, consideramos que debe promoverse la MGDRF por ser una energía limpia, accesible y con bajo impacto técnico económico en la operatividad de la empresa de distribución. / The present work has been prepared with the purpose of proposing guidelines of regulatory aspects of the Photovoltaic Residential Distributed Micro Generation (PRDMG), so that residential regulated users who consume electricity from the network, have the power to produce electricity for their own consumption, obtaining economic recognition for its surpluses that are injected into the electricity grid. It should be noted that residential users do not have the ability to negotiate with their suppliers (distributors) to reduce their electricity bills. The implementation of the PRDMG, provides the opportunity to generate electrical energy free of noise and environmental pollution, its regulation being necessary in order to define mainly the maximum power to be generated, requirements and technical criteria that must be met, as well as establish the commercial mechanism for the energy injected into the network, when the generation is greater than the self-consumed energy. Through the work carried out, regulatory aspects of various countries have been evaluated, as well as economic evaluations to choose the commercial mechanism that generates the greatest incentives for users to make the decision to make the PRDMG investment. To achieve the development of Distributed Generation in the shortest possible time, as is happening in other countries, it is necessary that the approval of the Distributed Generation Regulation is not postponed. To this end, we believe that PRDMG should be promoted as a clean energy, accessible with low economic technical impact on the operation of the distribution company. / Trabajo de Investigación

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In this thesis improved expressions for elastic local plate buckling and overall panel buckling of uniaxially compressed T-stiffened panels are developed and validated with 55 ABAQUS eigenvalue buckling analyses of a wide range of typical panel geometries. These two expressions are equated to derive a new expression for the rigidity ratio (EIx/Db)CO that uniquely identifies ¡°crossover¡± panels ¨C those for which local and overall buckling stresses are the same. The new expression for (EIx/Db)CO is also validated using the 55 FE models. Earlier work by (Chen, 2003) had produced a new step-by-step beam-column method for predicting stiffener-induced compressive collapse of stiffened panels. An alternative approach is to use orthotropic plate theory. As part of the validation of the new beam-column method, ABAQUS elasto-plastic Riks ultimate strength analyses were made for 107 stiffened panels ¨C the 55 crossover panels and 52 others. The beam-column and orthotropic approaches were also used. A surprising result was that the orthotropic approach has a large error for crossover panels whereas the beam-column method does not. Some possible reasons for this are suggested. Collapse patterns for the crossover panels are studied and classified from von Mises stress distribution at collapse. The collapse mechanism and load-deflection diagrams suggest stable inelastic post collapse behavior for most panels and an abrupt drop in load carrying capacity in only nine of the 55. / Master of Science

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / Patch panels are still frequently used in telemetry installations as a means for routing signals during and in between missions. These patch panels have been used for decades and have many benefits operationally speaking. Digital switching matrices on the other hand, while very popular in the broadcasting and music industries, are not being fully utilized in the telemetry world. Digital switches offer many of the same benefits of patch panels along with an abundance of added features including signal conversion and distribution. This paper describes the benefits of migrating from patch panels to digital switching matrices. It will discuss both the pros and cons of each technology as well as look at the short term and long term cost implications of each. This paper will also discuss return on investment and operational improvements that can be gained from utilizing digital switching matrices in place of patch panels.

My dissertation includes three essays that examine or relax classical restrictive assumptions used in econometrics estimation methods. The first chapter proposes methods for examining how a response variable is influenced by a covariate. Rather than focusing on the conditional mean I consider a test of whether a covariate has an effect on the entire conditional distribution of the response variable given the covariate and other conditioning variables. This type of analysis is useful in situations where the econometrician or policy maker is interested in knowing whether a variable or policy would improve the distribution of the response outcomes in a stochastic dominance sense. The response variable is assumed to be continuous, while both discrete and continuous covariate cases are considered. I derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistics and show that they have simple known asymptotic distributions under the null by using and extending conditional empirical process results given by Horvath and Yandell (1988). Monte Carlo experiments are conducted, and the tests are shown to have good small sample behavior. The tests are applied to a study on father's labor supply. The second chapter is based on previous joint work with Jason Abrevaya. It considers estimation of censored panel-data models with individual-specific slope heterogeneity. The slope heterogeneity may be random (random-slopes model) or related to covariates (correlated-random-slopes model). Maximum likelihood and censored least-absolute deviations estimators are proposed for both models. Specification tests are provided to test the slope-heterogeneity models against nested alternatives. The proposed estimators and tests are used for an empirical study of Dutch household portfolio choice. Strong evidence of correlated random slopes for the age variables is found, indicating that the age profile of portfolio adjustment varies significantly with other household characteristics. The third chapter proposes specification tests in models with endogenous covariates. In empirical studies, econometricians often have little information on the functional form of the structural model, regardless of whether covariates in model are exogenous or endogenous. In this chapter, I propose tests for restricted structural model specifications with endogenous covariates against the fully nonparametric alternative. The restricted model specifications include the nonparametric specification with a restricted set of covariates, the semiparametric single index specification and the parametric linear specification. Test statistics are “leave-one-out” type kernel U-statistic as used in Fan and Lee (1996). They are constructed using the idea of the control function approach. Monte Carlo results are provided and tests are shown to have reasonable small sample behavior. / text

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