Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An unsaturated, linear, aliphatic polyamide was synthesized from 1,6-hexanediamine and fumaric acid by means of a phosphorylation polycondensation reaction, and successfully crosslinked with a vinyl monomer during an inverse suspension polymerization reaction. The two vinyl monomers that were used were 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 4-vinyl pyridine. The linear polyamide was characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS), while the crosslinked product was characterized by light scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as cryo-SEM. The average particle diameters of the crosslinked product were found to be in the range of 100 to 300 nm. One of the synthesized crosslinked products was used in coating formulations on starchcoated paper. The paper samples were evaluated and compared on the basis of printing quality, colour density and colour uniformity of a printed image, as well as the wet-rub resistance of the coating. A formulation containing 0,1% of the HEMA crosslinked polyamide product was found to give the best performance of the printed image in terms of printing quality, colour density and colour uniformity. Wet-rub resistance was found to improve with increasing concentration of the crosslinked polyamide product. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Onversadigde, lineêre, alifatiese poli-amied is berei vanaf die monomere 1,6- heksaandiamien en fumaarsuur deur middel van 'n fosforilasie-polikondensasie reaksie, waarna die produk suksesvol gekruisbind is tydens 'n inverse-suspensie polimerisasiereaksie. Twee vinielmonomere, naamlik 2-hidroksi-etiel-metakrilaat (HEMA) en 4- viniel-piridien, is gebruik. Die lineêre poli-amied is deur middel van kern magnetiese resonansie (KMR) en elektronsproei-massaspektrornetrie (ESMS) gekarakteriseer, en die kruisgebinde produk deur middel van ligverstrooing, skandeer-elektronrnikroskopie (SEM), en lae-temperatuur SEM. Daar is bevind dat die gemiddelde partikeldeursneë van die kruisgebinde produk tussen 100 en 300 nm was. Een van die bereide, kruisgebinde produkte (wat met HEMA kruisgebind is) is gebruik in bedekkingsformules op stysel-bedekte papier. Die papiermonsters is ge-evalueer en vergelyk ten opsigte van drukkwaliteit en die diepte en egaligheid van die kleur van 'n gedrukte beeld, asook die natskuurweerstand van die deklaag. Daar is bevind dat 'n formulering wat 0.1% van die kruisgebinde poli-amied produk bevat die beste vertoning lewer in terme van drukkwaliteit, kleur diepte en egaligheid van kleur. Daar is verder bevind dat die natskuurweerstand van die deklaag verbeter het wanneer die konsentrasie van die kruisgebinde poli-amied produk in die formulering verhoog is.

Orientador: Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Taparelli_JesusRoberto_M.pdf: 3122835 bytes, checksum: 2a962c8596eae20801290e744716b2cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste presente trabalho, foi estudada a grafitização de N-metilol acrilamida em amido de mandioca nativo, em meio aquoso, com proporções de 20, 30 e 40% em relação ao peso de amido, tendo como objetivo avaliar a aplicação técnica do produto resultante em formulações de tintas de revestimentos couché, aplicado sobre uma superficie de papel cartão. Estes novos polímeros, bem como o amido de mandioca e o amido de milho nativo, foram caracterizados por: (i) Análise Dinâmico-Mecânica (DMA), onde se conseguiu verificar moderadas modificações nas transições térmicas; (ii) Espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho(FT_IR); (iii) Microscopia Ótica (MO) e (iv) Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), onde percebeu-se mudanças morfológicas nos grânulos de amido modificado, que se apresentaram maiores que os do amido nativo. Para uma análise do comportamento destes polímeros em formulações de tintas de revestimentos couché, foi utilizado como referência padrão o látex de estireno-butadieno carboxilado, atualmente utilizado na indústria de papel, como ligante (ou resina) principal. Nas tintas de revestimentos couché desta tese, foram analisadas as aplicações feitas em papel cartão revestido, onde se utilizou para teste de imprimibilidade as seguintes análises: Pick teste seco; Pick teste úmido; alvura; teste de absorção superficial - K & N; brilho de impressão; rugosidade e absorção de óleo. Um bom revestimento deverá apresentar uma boa adesão à superficie do papel, evitando seu arrancamento do mesmo. Dos testes de arrancamento, todas as amostras dos revestimentos feitos com amido de mandioca, modificados com Nmetilol acrilamida, apresentaram excelentes resultados / Abstract: In this work, it was studied the graftization of native tapioca starch with of Nmethylol acrylamide (NMA) in aqueous media, at several proportions (20, 30 e 40%) relative to the starch weight, with the aim to evaluate the technical application of the product obtained in inks formulations used for finishing covering, applied over paper-card surfaces. The NMA and the native starch, as well as the starch derivatives, were characterized by: (i) Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), which showed mild modifications in the thermal transitions; (ii) lnfrared Spectroscopy (F_TIR); (iii) Oplical Microscopy (OM) and (iv) Electron Scanning Microscopy (SEM) which revealed morphological changes in the starch grains, being the modified starch grains bigger than those native. To analyze the behavior of these polymers in formulations of inks, used for finishing covering (known as couché paper card), it was utilized latex of styrene-butadiene - carboxylate as reference, current1yused as binder in the paper industry. For the paper card with the finishing covering it was utilized tests of printability as: dry pick test; wet pick test; whiteness; K and N test; shine of impression; roughness and oil absorption. In the printing process, the graphic ink used presents tacking that is responsible for a perpendicular force to the surface of the paper, which is able to peel its covering. The peeling tests done with the formulations modified with modified tapioca starch with Nmethylol acrylamide (NMA) presented very promising results / Mestrado / Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais / Mestre em Engenharia Química