Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:37:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5321_1.pdf: 5149979 bytes, checksum: 5024e80a3c898e8ef33f4fea465f7318 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As redes de telefonia IP popularizaram-se nos últimos anos sobretudo por seu baixo custo e facilidade de utilização. Transmitir voz na forma de pacotes IP favorece o desenvolvimento de uma rede integrada, na qual diversos tipos de dados e mídia trafegam segundo um padrão único, que uniformize os sistemas de telecomunicações (Convergência IP). As redes sobrepostas par-a-par são parcial ou totalmente independentes de qualquer servidor centralizado, possuem alta escalabilidade e fornecem meios para que a comunicação atravesse obstáculos impostos por NATs e firewalls. Tais redes oferecem aos pacotes uma maior flexibilidade de roteamento, permitindo que novas estratégias sejam utilizadas no encaminhamento dos pacotes. Essas estratégias proporcionam uma melhor qualidade de voz ao usuário, principalmente durante falhas e congestionamentos. Nesta dissertação são estudados os sistemas de comunicação de voz sobre IP (VoIP) arquitetados em topologias par-a-par sobrepostas. Aspectos de codificação, sinalização, roteamento e tráfego, bem como os protocolos envolvidos em tais sistemas são descritos. Alternativas para obter uma melhor qualidade de voz através do uso dessa configuração são analisadas. Como contribuições dessa dissertação, é realizada uma análise comparativa entre sistemas VoIP e apresentada uma nova forma quantitativa de medição da QoS (Qualidade de Serviço) baseada na correlação entre os sinais transmitidos e recebidos

CAD (Computer Aided Design) is one method and technique that uses the computer's hardware and software system to assist people design products or projects. It includes such designing activities as design, plot, project analysis and technological file's execution, etc. It is not only a new designing method but also a multi-subject comprehensively applied new technology. CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planning) is the manufacturing and processing course that uses computer to assist design the parts. In a narrow sense, it mainly refers to the completion of processing design and outputting process regulations. On the basis of analyzing and studying PDM system's function, this thesis carries out the research on the key technology of CAD and CAPP integration. The main research contents are summarized as follows : 1: Study the key technology together with its realization method of CAD/CAPP integrated system based on PDM; build up the product-faced integrated system's framework; realize the integration of the enterprise's applied system that is based on file management and with the shared database as its basis. 2: Construct the knowledge-based product's modularized madel and the product's information management system; study the expression and management technology of the product's design information facing the product's life cycle. 3: Apply the product's structure based information integrated technology and modularized design technology to the construction of CAD subsystem, thus realize the development of deformed product faced CAD subsystem. 4: Adopt the feature and product's structure based parts' information in putting technology to study the product's structure based processing information model construction technology. 5: Adopt such multi-technics decision mixture technology as interaction, searches, recension and creation, etc. with the repository as the core to study the repository based flexible process decision making mode. 6: Study the organic amalgamation technology of the multi-technologies in the CAPP fast development tools system, including the feature and product's structure based parts' information inputting technology, flexible process decision making technology, COM based subassembly technology and modularized process design technology, etc. The following knowledge can be learned from this thesis : 1: How to realize the interconnection and interoperation among distributed application systems, application systems and multi isomeric data source. 2: How to draw ideas and technology of PDM into CAD/CAPP intergradations. 3: How to realize derivative design of products. 4: To improve the ability in dealing multi database documents, the design of program frame and the planning of systematic flow. In this thesis, the following points are unique and creative : 1: The characteristics of integrated technology are stressed, which make CAD and CAPP phases of product design integrate organically. 2: Obtain the CAD mode of the design parts from PDM database. Through the interactive interface offered by the system, finish the parts' information input based on the feature in the way of man-machine interaction. 3: The process data will be more structural and normative, if we make the product structure the basis for CAPP system to organize process design. 4: The organic integration of four decision-making modes by this system will not only meet the advanced manufacturing mode's needs represented by the agile manufacturing, but also the practicality of factory. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : CAD, CAPP, PDM, the integrated system, twice development

Thèse : Médecine : Paris : 1861. / N° d'ordre : 23.

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Université Laval, 2008. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 12 janvier 2009). Bibliogr.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2009. / Bibliogr.: f. [80]-82. Publié aussi en version électronique dans la Collection Mémoires et thèses électroniques.

La fracturation des roches concerne plusieurs applications industrielles, telles que les tunnels, l’excavation, l’extraction de blocs de roches et l'industrie minière. Les techniques classiques pour fracturer la roche sont associées à des inconvénients ceux qui restreignent leur utilisation dans certaines circonstances. Par conséquent, la fracturation par spallation thermique a été suggérée comme une solution alternative. Cela produit des contraintes de compression dans la roche grâce à un flux de chaleur intense. Une fois que ces contraintes dépasseraient la résistance à compression de la roche, la rupture aurait lieu en éjectant des petits éclats. Cette mode de fracturation thermique nécessite une source d’énergie puissante ainsi qu’elle influence négativement les conditions du travail sur le site. Profitant d'une faible résistance à la traction du matériau de roche, le présent travail propose une méthode basée sur un chauffage rapide de la matière rocheuse par un rayonnement micro-ondes, suivi par un refroidissement rapide par de l'eau pour fracturer la roche. Au cours de ce processus, une dilatation thermique est produite à l'intérieur de la zone traitée, qui est ensuite suivie d'une contraction thermique. Cette contraction produit des contraintes de traction, ce qui pourrait conduire à la rupture de la matière de roche. Le processus d'échauffement/refroidissement sera analysés grâce à un modèle numérique ce qui décrit les événements physiques et l'influence de différents paramètres. Expérimentalement, le processus sera examiné du point de vue thermique.‎ / The issue of rock fracturing concerns several industrial applications, such as tunneling or excavation ‎in rock material, extraction of rock blocks and the mining industry. The conventional techniques to ‎fracture the rock material are associated with disadvantages restrict their use in certain circumstances. ‎Consequently, the fracture by thermal spallation was suggested as an alternative solution. This ‎solution basically depends on exceeding the compressive strength of the rock material by compressive ‎stresses induced by heating effects. This necessitates high temperature at the rock surface, which ‎requires high power supply and it degrades the work conditions. Profiting from low tensile strength ‎of the rock material, the present work proposes a method based on a rapid heating of the rock ‎material by microwaves radiation followed by a rapid cooling by water to fracture the rock material. ‎During this process, a thermal dilatation is produced within the treated zone, which is then followed ‎by a thermal shrinkage. This shrinkage produces tensile stresses, which could lead to fracturing the ‎rock material. The heating/cooling process will be analyzed through numerical model describes the ‎physical events and the influence of different parameters. Experimentally, the process will be ‎examined from thermal point of view.‎

En hydrographie, la bathymétrie est une technique de mesure permettant de visualiser le relief du fond de l’eau en créant un nuage de points 3D où chacun des points de sonde est géoréférencé dans un référentiel global tridimensionnel. Pour ce faire, une vedette hydrographique est équipée d’un SONAR, d’une centrale inertielle et d’un GNSS. Cependant, plusieurs sources d’incertitudes viennent altérer la qualité des points de sonde mesurés. C’est pourquoi, plusieurs efforts de recherche actuels visent l’élaboration d’estimateurs d’erreur permettant de détecter et de quantifier certaines erreurs systématiques en bathymétrie. Dans le contexte des ASV (Autonomous Surface Vehicles) ou véhicules autonomes de surface, ces estimateurs d’erreur ont pour but de rendre plus robustes les levés réalisés par ce type de véhicule, car les données acquises peuvent être validées en temps quasi-réel avant que le véhicule retourne à terre. Ceci permet d’assurer que les données respectent les spécifications demandées du levé hydrographique. Traditionnellement, de tels estimateurs d’erreur doivent être appliqués dans la zone de recouvrement d’au moins deux lignes de levé et représentant une région plane (i.e. un fond plat ou en pente). Ceci permet de vérifier la présence et la grandeur du biais de positionnement sur cette surface. Par ailleurs, de telles surfaces planes sont aussi d’intérêt pour la calibration automatique des systèmes d’acquisition bathymétrique. En effet, des plans sont nécessaires pour calculer les angles de visée entre la centrale inertielle et le sonar multifaisceaux. L’objectif de ce projet de maîtrise est d’élaborer une méthode robuste et fiable d’extraction de plans par croissance de régions dans un nuage de points bathymétriques. La solution élaborée permet d’obtenir la position et les paramètres des régions planes ainsi que leur qualité. Elle a été testée et validée avec différents jeux de données présentant une variété de morphologie du fond marin. / In hydrography, bathymetry is a measurement technique used to visualize the relief of the seabed by creating a 3D point cloud where each of the sounding points is georeferenced in a global three-dimensional reference frame. To do so, a hydrographic vessel is equipped with a SONAR, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a GNSS. However, several sources of uncertainty affect the quality of the measured sounding points. Therefore, current research efforts aim to develop error estimators to detect and quantify environmental and systematic bathymetric errors. In the context of Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs), these error estimators aim to make the surveys more robust, since the data acquired can be validated in near real-time before the vehicle returns to the harbour. This ensures that the data meets the requested hydrographic survey specifications. Traditionally, such error estimators must be applied in the overlapping area of at least two survey lines and representing a flat region (i.e. a flat or slope bottom). On this surface, it is possible to check the presence and the magnitude of the positioning bias. Moreover, such flat surfaces are also of interest for automatic calibration of the bathymetric acquisition systems. Indeed, plans are needed to calculate the boresight angles between the inertial measurement unit and the multibeam sonar. The objective of this master’s project is to develop a robust and reliable method for extracting plans using region growing in a bathymetric point cloud. The developped solution provides the position and the parameters of the flat regions as well as their quality. It has been tested and validated with different datasets showing a variety of seabed morphology.