Thesis (M.S.)--Wisconsin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-59).

The framework developed and tested in this study argues that the success of mediated persuasive appeals can be partially explained by the interaction among linguistic and extra-linguistic variables. It was predicted that sources would be most persuasive when the topic was of little importance and the source was liked by the viewer and that sources using intense language would be evaluated as believing the arguments presented more than sources using less intense language. These predictions were supported. The study also supported a predicted interaction between familiarity and liking such that familiarity works to the advantage of liked sources and to the disadvantage of disliked sources. It was also posited that intensity would have a differentially effective role for liked and disliked sources such that it works to the advantage of liked sources and to the disadvantage of disliked sources. This hypothesis was solely supported in proattitudinal appeals when intensity was operationalized using structural criteria and in counterattitudinal appeals when intensity was operationalized as perceived by the viewer. Finally, a 3-way interaction was predicted suggesting that familiarity and intensity would combine such that high familiarity results in increases in attitude change with the use of language that is more intense than expected for liked sources and decreases in attitude change for disliked sources. This hypothesis was not supported. In fact, both highly familiar sources benefited from use of language that was less intense than expected.

I dagens samhälle är det av största vikt att kunna kommunicera med varandra vare sig det är på ett personligt plan eller ett företag med sina kunder. Inom informatik är en del av vårt arbete att optimera dessa sätt att kommunicera varav ljuset denna gång faller på infografik i dess audiovisuella form. Detta arbete utforskar de paralingvistiska element inom infografikens olika berättarröster och hur dessa påverkar dess publik. Med en litterär studie förtydligas innebörden av just paralingvistiska element för att kunna applicera dessa på berättarröster som skapats för en fallstudie där 13 respondenter visas en infografisk film benämnd “Alma”. Dessa berättarröster framförs med tre olika sinnesstämningar av såväl en man som en kvinna som alla följer samma manus vilket resulterar i totalt sex olika varianter. Detta är till grund för att utvärdera huruvida berättarröstens kön så väl som de paralingvistiska elementen påverkar dess trovärdighet. Genom fallstudien har jag kunnat bekräfta att paralingvistiska element sannerligen har en mycket stor påverkan huruvida en berättarröst uppfattas som trovärdig eller ej. Däremot huruvida kön direkt påverkar en berättarrösts trovärdighet och om det bör räknas som ett paralingvistiskt element i sig går ej ännu med säkerhet att bekräfta.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1987. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Louis Forsdale. Dissertation Committee: Robert P. Taylor. Bibliography: leaves 198-201.

This study has two major purposes: (1) to investigate if and how punctuation conventions have been rewritten in text messages to compensate for lack of paralinguistic cues and (2) the sociolinguistic implications of these findings. Data for this study was collected through an online, anonymous questionnaire in which participants gave their judgments about the meanings and function of punctuation used in sample text messages. The results show that punctuation is used to convey differences in meaning in direct and indirect ways and most are dependent on the context. Furthermore, age showed to be a factor in punctuation style and interpretation. The results here challenge the notion that texting is detrimental to one’s literacy skills and is in fact a site of linguistic innovation.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-87).

The topic of the thesis is to monitor differences in communication between men and women. The theoretical part summarizes the information about communication in general and outlines the differences in communication between men and women. The empirical part is based on interview. We examine possible differences of verbal communication between men and women with university education. Following characteristics were examined: formality, expressions, vulgar, addressing, topics, and the role in communication and interruptions. The results provide information about relatively specific differences in verbal communication between men and women. It was found that men use significantly more technical terms, use more vulgar words, while women choose such expressions exeptionally. Men do not interrupt the other speaker, women interrupt in more than 50% cases.. The results confirm previously published findings on this topic.

The topic of the thesis is to monitor differences in communication between men and women. The theoretical part summarizes the information about communication in general and outlines the differences in communication between men and women. The empirical part is based on interview. We examine possible differences of verbal communication between men and women with university education. Following characteristics were examined: formality, expressions, vulgar, addressing, topics, and the role in communication and interruptions. The results provide information about relatively specific differences in verbal communication between men and women. It was found that men use significantly more technical terms, use more vulgar words, while women choose such expressions exeptionally. Men do not interrupt the other speaker, women interrupt in more than 50% cases.. The results confirm previously published findings on this topic.

The general aim of this thesis was to test the effects of paralinguistic (emotional) and prior contextual (topical) cues on perception of poorly specified visual, auditory, and audiovisual speech. The specific purposes were to (1) examine if facially displayed emotions can facilitate speechreading performance; (2) to study the mechanism for such facilitation; (3) to map information-processing factors that are involved in processing of poorly specified speech; and (4) to present a comprehensive conceptual framework for speech perception, with specification of the signal being considered. Experi¬mental and correlational designs were used, and 399 normal-hearing adults participated in seven experiments. The main conclusions are summarised as follows. (a) Speechreading can be facilitated by paralinguistic information as constituted by facial displayed emotions. (b) The facilitatory effect of emitted emotional cues is mediated by their degree of specification in transmission and ambiguity as percepts; and by how distinct the perceived emotions combined with topical cues are as cues for lexical access. (c) The facially displayed emotions affect speech perception by conveying semantic cues; no effect via enhanced articulatory distinctiveness, nor of emotion-related state in the perceiver is needed for facilitation. (d) The combined findings suggest that emotional and topical cues provide constraints for activation spreading in the lexicon. (e) Both bottom-up and top-down factors are associated with perception of poorly specified speech, indicating that variation in information-processing abilities is a crucial factor for perception if there is paucity in sensory input. A conceptual framework for speech perception, comprising specification of the linguistic and paralinguistic information, as well as distinctiveness of primes, is presented. Generalisations of the findings to other forms of paralanguage and language processing are discussed.

This document describes the three methods for the detection and classification of paralinguistic expressions such as laughing and crying from usual speech by analysis of the audio signal. The database of records was originally designed for this purpose. When analyzing everyday dialogs, music might be included, so the database was extended by four new classes as speech, music, singing with music and usual speech with background music. Feature extraction, feature reduction and classification are common steps in recognizing for all three methods. Difference of the methods is given by classification process in detail. One classification of all six classes at once is proposed in the first method called straight approach. In the second method called decision tree oriented approach we are using five intuitive sub classifiers in the tree structure and the final method uses for classification emotion coupling approach. The best features were reduced by feature evaluation using F-ratio and GMM classifiers were used for the each classification part.