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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Geração adaptativa de malhas de superfícies paramétricas em paralelo com controle de curvatura / An adaptive parametric surface mesh generation parallel method guided by curvatures

Sombra, Tiago Guimarães January 2016 (has links)
SOMBRA, Tiago Guimarães. Geração adaptativa de malhas de superfícies paramétricas em paralelo com controle de curvatura. 2016. 71 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ciência da computação)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2016. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-12T19:12:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_tgsombra.pdf: 7997002 bytes, checksum: 8e8712a9b19d272a16ac263f62596436 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-07-22T16:43:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_tgsombra.pdf: 7997002 bytes, checksum: 8e8712a9b19d272a16ac263f62596436 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-22T16:43:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_tgsombra.pdf: 7997002 bytes, checksum: 8e8712a9b19d272a16ac263f62596436 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This work describes a technique for generating parametric surfaces meshes using parallel computing, with distributed memory processors. The input for the algorithm is a set of parametric patches that model the surface of a given object. A structure for spatial partitioning is proposed to decompose the domain in as many subdomains as processes in the parallel system. Each subdomain consists of a set of patches and the division of its load is guided following an estimate. This decomposition attempts to balance the amount of work in all the subdomains. The amount of work, known as load, of any mesh generator is usually given as a function of its output size, i.e., the size of the generated mesh. Therefore, a technique to estimate the size of this mesh, the total load of the domain, is needed beforehand. This work makes use of an analytical average curvature calculated for each patch, which in turn is input data to estimate this load and the decomposition is made from this analytical mean curvature. Once the domain is decomposed, each process generates the mesh on that subdomain or set of patches by a quad tree technique for inner regions, advancing front technique for border regions and is finally applied an improvement to mesh generated. This technique presented good speed-up results, keeping the quality of the mesh comparable to the quality of the serially generated mesh. / Este trabalho descreve uma técnica para gerar malhas de superfícies paramétricas utilizando computação paralela, com processadores de memória compartilhada. A entrada para o algoritmo é um conjunto de patches paramétricos que modela a superfície de um determinado objeto. Uma estrutura de partição espacial é proposta para decompor o domínio em tantos subdomínios quantos forem os processos no sistema paralelo. Cada subdomínio é formado por um conjunto de patches e a divisão de sua carga é guiada seguindo uma estimativa de carga. Esta decomposição tenta equilibrar a quantidade de trabalho em todos os subdomínios. A quantidade de trabalho, conhecida como carga, de qualquer gerador de malha é geralmente dada em função do tamanho da saída do algoritmo, ou seja, do tamanho da malha gerada. Assim, faz-se necessária uma técnica para estimar previamente o tamanho dessa malha, que é a carga total do domínio. Este trabalho utiliza-se de um cálculo de curvatura analítica média para cada patch, que por sua vez, é dado de entrada para estimar esta carga e a decomposição é feita a partir dessa curvatura analítica média. Uma vez decomposto o domínio, cada processo gera a malha em seu subdomínio ou conjunto de patches pela técnica de quadtree para regiões internas, avanço de fronteira para regiões de fronteira e por fim é aplicado um melhoramento na malha gerada. Esta técnica apresentou bons resultados de speed-up, mantendo a qualidade da malha comparável à qualidade da malha gerada de forma sequencial.
2

An adaptive parametric surface mesh generation parallel method guided by curvatures / GeraÃÃo adaptativa de malhas de superfÃcies paramÃtricas em paralelo com controle de curvatura

Tiago GuimarÃes Sombra 28 March 2016 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This work describes a technique for generating parametric surfaces meshes using parallel computing, with distributed memory processors. The input for the algorithm is a set of parametric patches that model the surface of a given object. A structure for spatial partitioning is proposed to decompose the domain in as many subdomains as processes in the parallel system. Each subdomain consists of a set of patches and the division of its load is guided following an estimate. This decomposition attempts to balance the amount of work in all the subdomains. The amount of work, known as load, of any mesh generator is usually given as a function of its output size, i.e., the size of the generated mesh. Therefore, a technique to estimate the size of this mesh, the total load of the domain, is needed beforehand. This work makes use of an analytical average curvature calculated for each patch, which in turn is input data to estimate this load and the decomposition is made from this analytical mean curvature. Once the domain is decomposed, each process generates the mesh on that subdomain or set of patches by a quad tree technique for inner regions, advancing front technique for border regions and is finally applied an improvement to mesh generated. This technique presented good speed-up results, keeping the quality of the mesh comparable to the quality of the serially generated mesh. / Este trabalho descreve uma tÃcnica para gerar malhas de superfÃcies paramÃtricas utilizando computaÃÃo paralela, com processadores de memÃria compartilhada. A entrada para o algoritmo à um conjunto de patches paramÃtricos que modela a superfÃcie de um determinado objeto. Uma estrutura de partiÃÃo espacial à proposta para decompor o domÃnio em tantos subdomÃnios quantos forem os processos no sistema paralelo. Cada subdomÃnio à formado por um conjunto de patches e a divisÃo de sua carga à guiada seguindo uma estimativa de carga. Esta decomposiÃÃo tenta equilibrar a quantidade de trabalho em todos os subdomÃnios. A quantidade de trabalho, conhecida como carga, de qualquer gerador de malha à geralmente dada em funÃÃo do tamanho da saÃda do algoritmo, ou seja, do tamanho da malha gerada. Assim, faz-se necessÃria uma tÃcnica para estimar previamente o tamanho dessa malha, que à a carga total do domÃnio. Este trabalho utiliza-se de um cÃlculo de curvatura analÃtica mÃdia para cada patch, que por sua vez, à dado de entrada para estimar esta carga e a decomposiÃÃo à feita a partir dessa curvatura analÃtica mÃdia. Uma vez decomposto o domÃnio, cada processo gera a malha em seu subdomÃnio ou conjunto de patches pela tÃcnica de quadtree para regiÃes internas, avanÃo de fronteira para regiÃes de fronteira e por fim à aplicado um melhoramento na malha gerada. Esta tÃcnica apresentou bons resultados de speed-up, mantendo a qualidade da malha comparÃvel à qualidade da malha gerada de forma sequencial.
3

A computational model for the diffusion coefficients of DNA with applications

Li, Jun, 1977- 07 October 2010 (has links)
The sequence-dependent curvature and flexibility of DNA is critical for many biochemically important processes. However, few experimental methods are available for directly probing these properties at the base-pair level. One promising way to predict these properties as a function of sequence is to model DNA with a set of base-pair parameters that describe the local stacking of the different possible base-pair step combinations. In this dissertation research, we develop and study a computational model for predicting the diffusion coefficients of short, relatively rigid DNA fragments from the sequence and the base-pair parameters. We focus on diffusion coefficients because various experimental methods have been developed to measure them. Moreover, these coefficients can also be computed numerically from the Stokes equations based on the three-dimensional shape of the macromolecule. By comparing the predicted diffusion coefficients with experimental measurements, we can potentially obtain refined estimates of various base-pair parameters for DNA. Our proposed model consists of three sub-models. First, we consider the geometric model of DNA, which is sequence-dependent and controlled by a set of base-pair parameters. We introduce a set of new base-pair parameters, which are convenient for computation and lead to a precise geometric interpretation. Initial estimates for these parameters are adapted from crystallographic data. With these parameters, we can translate a DNA sequence into a curved tube of uniform radius with hemispherical end caps, which approximates the effective hydrated surface of the molecule. Second, we consider the solvent model, which captures the hydrodynamic properties of DNA based on its geometric shape. We show that the Stokes equations are the leading-order, time-averaged equations in the particle body frame assuming that the Reynolds number is small. We propose an efficient boundary element method with a priori error estimates for the solution of the exterior Stokes equations. Lastly, we consider the diffusion model, which relates our computed results from the solvent model to relevant measurements from various experimental methods. We study the diffusive dynamics of rigid particles of arbitrary shape which often involves arbitrary cross- and self-coupling between translational and rotational degrees of freedom. We use scaling and perturbation analysis to characterize the dynamics at time scales relevant to different classic experimental methods and identify the corresponding diffusion coefficients. In the end, we give rigorous proofs for the convergence of our numerical scheme and show numerical evidence to support the validity of our proposed models by making comparisons with experimental data. / text

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