Child participation and the right of children to be heard in matters that directly affect them, including in judicial and administrative matters, is a right that is entrenched in a number of international and regional instruments. This right is also entrenched in the South African Constitution that provides for children to be legally represented, at State expense, in civil proceedings affecting them and this includes divorce proceedings. However, this constitutional right is limited to those circumstances where a substantial injustice would otherwise result should such legal representation not be afforded. This thesis examined how the voices of children can be heard during divorce proceedings and makes recommendations as to when children involved in divorce proceedings should be granted legal representation at State expense.

Child participation and the right of children to be heard in matters that directly affect them, including in judicial and administrative matters, is a right that is entrenched in a number of international and regional instruments. This right is also entrenched in the South African Constitution that provides for children to be legally represented, at State expense, in civil proceedings affecting them and this includes divorce proceedings. However, this constitutional right is limited to those circumstances where a substantial injustice would otherwise result should such legal representation not be afforded. This thesis examined how the voices of children can be heard during divorce proceedings and makes recommendations as to when children involved in divorce proceedings should be granted legal representation at State expense.

Child participation and the right of children to be heard in matters that directly affect them, including in judicial and administrative matters, is a right that is entrenched in a number of international and regional instruments. This right is also entrenched in the South African Constitution that provides for children to be legally represented, at State expense, in civil proceedings affecting them and this includes divorce proceedings. However, this constitutional right is limited to those circumstances where a substantial injustice would otherwise result should such legal representation not be afforded. This thesis examined how the voices of children can be heard during divorce proceedings and makes recommendations as to when children involved in divorce proceedings should be granted legal representation at State expense.

Thesis--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 216-230.

Thesis (LLM)--Macquarie University, Division of Law. / Bibliography: leaves 192-208.

Thesis--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 216-230.

Magister Legum - LLM / Child participation and the right of children to be heard in matters that directly affect them, including in judicial and administrative matters, is a right that is entrenched in a number of international and regional instruments. This right is also entrenched in the South African Constitution that provides for children to be legally represented, at State expense, in civil proceedings affecting them and this includes divorce proceedings. However, this constitutional right is limited to those circumstances where a substantial injustice would otherwise result should such legal representation not be afforded. This thesis examined how the voices of children can be heard during divorce proceedings and makes recommendations as to when children involved in divorce proceedings should be granted legal representation at State expense. / South Africa

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-02-16T19:31:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Nilce Barreira Candia.pdf: 1404900 bytes, checksum: 0ee8069bd0fdcff815f5f39981c9545f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-16T19:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Nilce Barreira Candia.pdf: 1404900 bytes, checksum: 0ee8069bd0fdcff815f5f39981c9545f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-06 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The work at hand intends show that, if one of the parents does not detain custody of the offspring, that is not a factor to allow total absence, even when it already involves support regarding cost of food and other material issues. This is because a parent’s obligation to impute paternal duties cannot be fulfilled without presence. In this way, absence necessarily implies the parent's failure to fulfil the duties of care inherent to the parent’s obligation, that is, it constitutes an unlawful act. The damages resulting from this must, therefore, give rise to the incidence of liability, which is based on the precept of not harming others. Seeking to obey this principle, is that the parent who sees the other parent practicing parental alienation of the child should seek judicial protection in order to cease this act and ensure their right-duty to visit and live with the child. If the father or mother does nothing to stop the parental alienation, he cannot use it as a pretext to exclude civil liability if he practices abandonment, since this scenario would be the act of benefiting from his own inaction, since it would use the omission in not ceasing the alienation in order to avoid the duty of care. On the other hand, if the non-custodian seeks to visit the child, but - for reasons of his own - is faced with rejection by the child, there will be no possibility of parental abandonment to give rise to the obligation to indemnify. Instead, in this hypothesis, there is the practice, by the father or mother, of commissive acts for their convenience. With respect to love, it was verified that the incidence of the indemnity is not for lack of affection, but for lack of care; It should be noted that those who care do not show rejection, even if they do not love. It was also pointed out that biological, adoptive or socio-affective parenthood are equivalent, therefore, the inherent duties are also equivalent. In turn, the one who, although not effecting paternity registration in the civil registry, captivates the infant acting as if the father or mother were, must also respond for the damages caused in case of later abandonment of the minor. This is because it will be faced with non-compliance with the precepts of objective good faith. Following the same logic of reasoning, however, in reverse, we also denote the right of the elderly to family life and the duty of their sons to care for them. Thus, even if there is material costing, the lack of zeal and absence of the offspring when the parents are old constitutes itself as an unlawful act and causes the consequent damages. However, there is an exception to the enforceability of this care, when the child who leaves was once a victim abandoned in childhood or adolescence, that is, he was the victim of an unworthy act that should rule out the enforceability of both food and immaterial care / Dedica-se o presente trabalho a observar que o fato de algum dos genitores não deter a guarda da prole não é fator a permitir a total ausência, ainda que haja o custeio de alimentos e outras questões materiais. Isto porque, o poder familiar imputa deveres paternos que não podem ser cumpridos sem que haja presença. Desta forma, a ausência implica, necessariamente, em inadimplemento, pelos pais, dos deveres de cuidado inerentes ao poder familiar, ou seja, se constitui como ato antijurídico. Os danos decorrentes deste devem, assim, ensejar a incidência da responsabilidade, a qual tem como base o preceito de não lesar a outrem. Buscando obedecer a este princípio, é que o genitor que vê o outro progenitor praticando alienação parental do(a) filho(a), deve buscar tutela jurisdicional a fim cessar este ato e garantir o seu direito-dever de visitar e conviver com o filho. Se o pai ou a mãe nada faz para cessar a alienação parental, não poderá usá-la como pretexto para afastar a responsabilidade civil caso pratique o abandono, vez que esse cenário configuraria o ato de se beneficiar da própria torpeza, pois se utilizaria da omissão em não cessar a alienação para se furtar do adimplemento do dever de cuidado. Por outro lado caso haja busca pelo não guardião em visitar o(a) filho(a), mas este é que – por motivos próprios- pratique a rejeição, não se estará diante de hipótese de abandono paterno a ensejar o dever de indenizar, vez que, nesta hipótese, há a prática, pelo pai ou mãe, de atos comissivos para a convivência. Com relação ao amor, verificou-se que a incidência da indenização não é por falta de afeto, e sim por ausência de cuidado; cabendo notar que quem cuida não demostra rejeição, ainda que não ame. Também se apontou que a paternidade biológica, adotiva ou socioafetiva são equivalentes, portanto, os deveres inerentes também o são. Por sua vez, aquele que, apesar de não efetivar averbação de paternidade no registro civil, cativa infante agindo como se pai ou mãe fosse, também deverá responder pelos danos causados caso posteriormente abandono o menor. Isto porque, estar-se-á diante de descumprimento dos preceitos da boa-fé objetiva. Seguindo a mesma lógica de raciocínio, porém, de maneira inversa, denotamos também o direito dos idosos à convivência familiar e o dever dos filhos cuidarem daqueles. Assim, ainda que haja o custeio de questões materiais, a falta de zelo e ausência da prole quando os pais são idosos se constitui como ato antijurídico a enseja os decorrentes danos. Contudo, há exceção da exigibilidade deste cuidado quando o filho que abandona, outrora foi vítima abandonado na infância ou adolescência, ou seja, foi vítima de ato indigno que deve afastar a exigibilidade tanto de alimentos como de cuidados imateriais

Zugl.: Zürich, Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

M.A. (Social Work) / Please refer to full text to view abstract