The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between child-oriented parental attitudes and resulting child behavior.

This study was concerned with the effect of parental attitudes and the illegitimacy rate among teenagers. A survey of the literature discussed many different factors affecting illegitimacy. Theorists have suggested poverty, lack of intelligence, mental abnormalities, and parental attitudes as a few of the causative factors. Also reviewed were areas such as the number of unwed mothers, their intelligence, the effect of the Negro subculture on the illegitimacy rate, the AFDC population and the illegitimate birth rate, and the background of pregnant out of wedlock mothers. The mother-daughter relationship was shown to be of importance in the likelihood of a teenage girl becoming pregnant out of wedlock. It was further suggested that dominance, ignorance, and possessiveness were important in the mother-daughter relationship. Four hypotheses proposed that there would be a significant difference between a group of mothers of teenagers with children born out of wedlock and a group of mothers whose daughters had never been pregnant. The first suggested that mothers of unwed. mothers would rate significantly higher on the possessiveness scale than mothers whose daughters have never been pregnant. The second proposed that mothers of daughters with out of wedlock children would rate significantly higher on the ignoring scale than mothers of never pregnant daughters. The third hypothesis suggested that mothers of unwed mothers would rate significantly higher on the dominance scale than the mother of the girl who has not had a child out of wedlock. The fourth hypothesis proposed that on all three scales the mothers of unwed mothers would rate significantly higher than the mothers of daughters who are not unwed mothers.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Adlerian Parent Study Groups in changing parents' child rearing attitudes and behavior and their children's behavior after: l)Four, and 2)Six sessions. The Attitude Toward the Freedom of Children--Scale II was used to measure parents' child rearing attitudes; the Child Rearing Practices Scale was used to assess parents' behavior. Two aspects of children's behavior, the percentage of behaviors which occur and the percentage of behaviors which are bothersome, were evaluated with the Children's Behavior Checklist. It has been shown that participation in as few as four Adlerian Parent Study Group sessions produced positive changes in parents' child rearing attitudes and behavior. While there was some question, based on the statistical results of this study, as to whether these changes were maintained after six sessions, sUbjective evidence gathered from the researcher's observations of two of these parent groups suggests that the gains were maintained. It is strongly suspected that problems in the design of this experiment were responsible for the lack of statistical evidence of significant mean gains on the ATFC-II and the CRPS during Week 6. No evidence that discussion groups effectively changed children's behavior or their parents' perceptions of that behavior were detected. Nevertheless, it is possible that these changes evolved after Week 6 the parents continued to apply the Adlerian principles learned in the group sessions to their child rearing. If it can be demonstrated by future research that: l)Adlerian Parent Study Groups can desirably alter parents' child rearing attitudes and behavior after fewer than 10 sessions, and 2)That positive changes in the behaviors measured by the CBC occur as the parents consistently practice the method of child rearing learned in these groups, many parent educators may decide to shorten the duration of the group experience, in at least some cases. Hopefully, this would low many parents who are interested in attending Adlerian Parent Study Groups, but who cannot commit themselves to as many as 10 sessions, to avail themselves of this education. Likewise, it might encourage more people to serve as group leaders if less time were required to complete the experience. With more group leaders and fewer study group meetings, the child rearing principles found in Children: The Chall (Dreikurs & Soltz, 1964) might be disseminated to much larger numbers of people than it is now possible to reach. / Master of Science

The purpose of this investigation was to discover the relationship between parental attitudes and the adjustment of the mentally retarded child.

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes of parents of school-aged and preschool aged children with and without handicaps, toward the issue of mainstreaming. A sample of 212 individuals responded to a parent questionnaire which was mailed to each household to be completed by both parents. This questionnaire examined attitudes and concerns of parents across 14 mainstreaming issues (Appendix 2) . Of the total sample, 123 responses were used for the final analysis. Cases were discarded because some were missing the age of their child, some we::e not qualified because of their child's age, and others had not completed the survey. Regarding overall attitudes toward mainstreaming, there was a significant interaction between handicapping condition and sex of parent. Fathers of handicapped children disagreed more with the attitude questions than mother-s of handicapped childr-en. Also, the handicapping condition of the child affected parental attitudes about problems which a handicapped child might encounter in a mainstreaming situation. Parents of nonhandicapped children disagreed more with these issues than parents of handicapped children. Fathers of handicapped and nonhandicapped children agreed more than mothers that there might be problems encounter-ed by handicapped children in a mainstreaming situation. Mothers of nonhandicapped children and fathers of handicapped children disagreed more with these statements. The interaction between sex of parents and handicapping condition of the child was found to be significant for the dependent variables of overall mainstreaming attitudes and attitudes toward problems which a handicapped child might encounter in a mainstreaming situation. Another significant independent variable was handicapping condition of the child which was found to be significant on attitudes toward problems which a handicapped child might encounter in a mainstreaming situation and attitudes toward safety issues of both handicapped and nonhandicapped children in a mainstreaming situation. In other words, parents of handicapped children were more children were more concerned about school related problems and safety issues for handicapped children in a mainstLeaming situation. Age of the child was not found significant for- any of the dependent variables. In addition, the interaction of handicapping condition and age of the child was found to be significant for the dependent var-iable which dealt with attitudes toward safety of both handicapped and dealt with attitudes toward safety issues of both handicapped and nonhandicapped children. Families with school-aged handicapped children and families of nonhandicapped preschoolers disagreed mo~e with the safety isses.

Although behavioral inhibition has been found to be relatively stable, such stability has not always been shown. Moreover, although an association between parental shyness and child behavioral inhibition has been reported, this relationship is imperfect and indirect. The present study proposed that one factor that may impact these relationships is the attitudes parents hold toward having a shy, inhibited child. Although shyness is typically regarded as a negative and maladaptive trait, it is not necessarily viewed as problematic by all parents. The present study investigated a series of ten specific hypotheses that centered around the notion that variations in parental attitudes toward shyness may lead some parents to encourage and other parents to discourage behaviors typically associated with shyness in their young children. Using a longitudinal design, the present study examined the relations among the constructs of parental attitudes toward shyness, child behavioral inhibition, childrearing strategies, and parental shyness over a span of two years in a sample of 3 to 6 year-old children and their parents. Results revealed several interesting and valuable findings. Maternal attitudes toward shyness emerged as a moderator of the relationship between behavioral inhibition at Time 1 and Time 2. Maternal attitudes toward shyness also emerged as a significant moderator of the relationship between maternal shyness and child behavioral inhibition. However, childrearing strategies did not mediate the relationship between maternal attitudes toward shyness and behavioral inhibition in children as predicted. / Ph. D.

Intergenerational transmission of shyness, or the social process through which shy characteristics or behavioral patterns demonstrated by parents are passed on to their children, has received recent empirical attention and has suggested a positive relationship between levels of shyness in parents and children. One factor that may relate to this relationship is the attitudes parents hold toward having a shy child. The present study sought to illuminate several questions surrounding parental attitudes toward shyness and the presence of withdrawn, inhibited behavior in children. It was hypothesized that: a) parental attitudes toward shyness and shyness in parents would interact to influence inhibited behavior in children; and b) childrearing practices would serve as a mediator in the anticipated relationship between parental attitudes toward shyness and inhibited behavior in children. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between parental attitudes toward shyness and withdrawn, inhibited behavior in children, as well as a series of significant relationships between parental attitudes toward shyness and specific parenting strategies. No significant moderational or mediational effects were found, however. / Master of Science

This study investigated whether students in an Alternative School differed significantly from students who remain on a regular high school campus on measures of goals of misbehavior which included the factors of attention, power, revenge, inadequacy, and on measures of social interest. This study also investigated whether the attitudes of parents of Alternative School students differed significantly from the attitudes of parents of regular campus students on the factors of confidence, causation, acceptance, understanding and trust.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Education, 1999. / This study examines parental attitudes towards mainstreaming/inclusion in South Africa, which was recently adopted as part of the new educational dispensation. The sample included parents of children in four different school types in Johannesburg, and the survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended sections. The respondents totaled 255 out of a possible 400 (64%). Statistical analyses used included factor analysis, analysis of variance and independent group t-tests. The results indicated an overall neutral or negative attitude towards mainstreaming by parents, with parents of children in special and remedial schools being more negative. Parents felt that gifted children or those with mild to moderate learning disabilities were the most suitable candidates for mainstreaming, whilst children with severe mental retardation, sensory impairments, or behavioural disorders were the least suited. Parents were concerned that teachers would not be able to cope with the demands of the mainstream classroom because of inadequate training or time. They were also concerned that classes would be too large, that children of differing abilities would not be able to cope with the academic and social demands placed on them, and that general educational standards would drop. Only 20% of parents felt that mainstreaming would be successful, and most parents were not clear about what measures could help to implement this educational approach in South Africa. The implications of these results were discussed, with a view to future research and interventions to allay parental fears about mainstreaming/inclusion

PURPOSE: To understand why adolescents who initiate the HPV vaccine series fail to complete all three shots. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were performed with parents/guardians of 11-17 year old daughters and pediatric primary care providers in one inner-city public clinic and three private practices to determine why girls who received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine did or did not complete the series. The number of shots received was confirmed by electronic medical record review. Content analysis was used to identify themes related to series completion. RESULTS: 65 parents/guardians participated: 37 whose daughters received 1 or 2 doses of HPV vaccine and 28 whose daughters completed 3 doses. Most (n=24, 65%) parents/guardians failed to complete the series because they thought the clinics would remind them of subsequent doses. 9 (24%) cited logistical barriers. 4 (11%) decided to stop the vaccine series. 33 providers participated: 24 physicians, 3 nurse practitioners, and 6 registered nurses. 52% of providers told parents to schedule appointments, 41% scheduled the second dose at the time the first dose was given, and 7% tried to immunize patients when they returned for other appointments; providers confirmed that few parents chose to stop the series. No practice had a system in place to ensure series completion. CONCLUSIONS: Most failure to complete the HPV vaccine series occurred because providers expected parents to make appointments while parents expected to be reminded. Increased use of reminder/recall systems and clear communication of expectations regarding appointment scheduling could improve completion rates.