Im präklinischen Ausbildungsabschnitt des Zahnmedizinstudiums sollen die Studierenden möglichst umfassend und vielseitig auf die Behandlung von Patienten vorbereitet werden. Bislang zählt die Schienung parodontal gelockerter Zähne nicht zum Ausbildungsspektrum und es gibt kein Übungsmodell, mit welchem diese Art der Versorgung erlernt werden könnte. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Zähne für ein Übungsmodell zu entwickeln, dieses mithilfe des 3D-Druckes herzustellen, sowie zusätzlich die Handhabung von verschiedenen Schienungsmaterialien von ungeübten Behandlern bewerten zu lassen. Es wurden parodontal gelockerte Zähne digital designt und mithilfe eines Stereolithographie 3D-Druckers gedruckt. Insgesamt 43 Studierende des siebten Fachsemesters nahmen im Rahmen des Parodontologiekurses freiwillig an der Studie teil. Es wurden pro Teilnehmer zwei Garnituren Zähne jeweils mit dem Material everStick Perio (GC Dental) und dem Material Ribbond Ultra (Ribbond Inc.) geschient. Die Bewertung der gedruckten Übungszähne sowie der zwei Schienungsmaterialien durch die Teilnehmer erfolgte mithilfe eines Fragebogens unter Nutzung der Schulnoten von 1 (sehr gut) bis 6 (ungenügend). Die geschienten Modelle wurden gescannt und digital verglichen. Die Schienungsübung wurde insgesamt als „gut“ empfunden. Die Realitätstreue der Zahnlockerungen sowie die Repositionierung der Zähne in den Zahnbogen wurden mit der Note „befriedigend“ bewertet. Das Material everStick Perio bekam in der Handhabung die Note „befriedigend“, das Material Ribbond Ultra die Note „gut“. Der Lerneffekt der Übung wurde mit der Note „gut“ bewertet, wobei die Teilnehmer ihre eigenen Fähigkeiten vor dem Kurs als „mangelhaft“ und nach dem Kurs als „gut“ bewerteten. Die digitale Auswertung der geschienten Modelle ergab keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den einzelnen Gruppen, welche sich nach Schienungsmaterial, Erst- oder Zweitversuch der Schienung sowie den einzelnen geschienten Zähnen aufgliederten. Die Anwendbarkeit dieses Trainingskonzeptes wurde bestätigt, da sich aus Sicht der Studierenden ein positiver Lerneffekt zeigte. / In preclinical dental education, students need to be sufficiently prepared for treating patients. Until now, there is no model available for learning the treatment of periodontal splinting. In this study, we used 3D printing to produce artificial teeth with variable degrees of mobility and compared the usage of two different splinting materials by unexperienced practitioners. Teeth with degrees of mobility were digitally designed and printed using the stereolithography 3D printing process. 43 dentistry students in the fourth year participated in this study. Each student had to splint two sets of teeth using the splinting materials Ribbond Ultra (Ribbond, Inc.) and everStick Perio (GC Dental). The study model and the splinting materials were evaluated through a digital questionaire with school grades from 1 (very good) to 6 (insufficient). The splinted teeth were digitally scanned and compared with an ideally splinted study model. The splinting practice was overall rated with „good“. The degrees of mobility compared to a clinical situation and the repositioning of the teeth were answered with „satisfactory“. The material everStick Perio was „satisfactory“, the material Ribbond Ultra was „good“. The overall learning effect was „good“, whereby the participants described their ability to splint teeth before the course as „inadequate“ and after the course as „good“. The digital comparison of the splinted models showed no significant difference between the splinting materials. There was also no significant difference between the first and second attempt of splinting and no differences between the teeth. The applicability of this training model was confirmed as the students experienced a learning success for periodontal splinting.

The aim of this review is to discuss current findings regarding the roles of miRNAs in periodontal diseases and the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic medium for corresponding miRNA investigations. For periodontal disease, investigations have been restricted to tissue samples and five miRNAs, that is, miR-142-3p, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-203, and miR-223, were repeatedly validated in vivo and in vitro by different validation methods. Particularly noticeable are the small sample sizes, different internal controls, and different case definitions of periodontitis in in vivo studies. Beside of that, the validated miRNAs are associated with inflammation and therefore with various diseases. Furthermore, several studies successfully explored the use of salivary miRNA species for the diagnosis of oral cancer. Different cancer types were investigated and heterogeneous methodology was used; moreover, no overlap of resultswas found. In conclusion, fivemiRNAs have consistently been reported for periodontitis; however, their disease specificity, detectability, and expression in saliva and their importance as noninvasive markers are questionable. In principle, a salivary miRNA diagnostic method seems feasible.However, standardized criteria and protocols for preanalytics, measurements, and analysis should be established to obtain comparable results across different studies.

The aim of this review is to discuss current findings regarding the roles of miRNAs in periodontal diseases and the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic medium for corresponding miRNA investigations. For periodontal disease, investigations have been restricted to tissue samples and five miRNAs, that is, miR-142-3p, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-203, and miR-223, were repeatedly validated in vivo and in vitro by different validation methods. Particularly noticeable are the small sample sizes, different internal controls, and different case definitions of periodontitis in in vivo studies. Beside of that, the validated miRNAs are associated with inflammation and therefore with various diseases. Furthermore, several studies successfully explored the use of salivary miRNA species for the diagnosis of oral cancer. Different cancer types were investigated and heterogeneous methodology was used; moreover, no overlap of resultswas found. In conclusion, fivemiRNAs have consistently been reported for periodontitis; however, their disease specificity, detectability, and expression in saliva and their importance as noninvasive markers are questionable. In principle, a salivary miRNA diagnostic method seems feasible.However, standardized criteria and protocols for preanalytics, measurements, and analysis should be established to obtain comparable results across different studies.