1 ABSTRACT: This study is dedicated to the study of nucleation of sulphuric acid and water, which presents the key process associated with secondary aerosol formation via gas to particle conversion. We investigated the nucleation rates, new aerosol particles formation and growth dynamics of newly nucleated particles. These processes were explored in both laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory measurements, we explored the H2SO4 - H2O nucleation rates and growth rates of newly formed particles under well-defined conditions and we also investigated the effect of experimental conditions on particle growth dynamics. Furthermore, we proposed a model, which predicts the particle growth and accounts for condensation of H2SO4, H2O and NH3. The comparison of experimental growth rates with atmospheric ones was made and resulting implications of the chemical nature of compounds involved in the early growth of nucleated particles is also presented. To investigate the atmospheric H2SO4 - H2O nucleation and new particle formation, we analysed a two-year long dataset of particle number size distributions, obtained from a urban background station in Prague Suchdol. A special attention was given to a recently reported special feature of particle growth dynamics - a particle shrinkage following previous new...

L’aviation émet de grandes quantités de gaz et de particules dans l’atmosphère contribuant, d’une part, à la détérioration de la qualité de l’air à une échelle locale et d’autre part, au forçage radiatif atmosphérique et donc au changement climatique. Une voie envisagée pour limiter l’impact de l’aviation est l’utilisation de carburants alternatifs. Les biocarburants sélectionnés dans cette optique tendent à avoir des teneurs en soufre et en composés aromatiques réduites, ce qui induit une diminution de la quantité d’acide sulfurique formé dans les panaches d’avions ainsi que des suies émises. La modification de la nature et de la composition des carburants utilisés peut entraîner des conséquences inattendues. Il s’avère alors essentiel d’étudier et de déterminer l’évolution des aérosols dans les panaches d’avions. Pour cela, un modèle microphysique précédemment testé lors de la combustion de kérosène classique a été utilisé et amélioré. Après avoir déterminé les émissions « types » des carburants alternatifs, des simulations ont été menées afin de prédire l’évolution et le comportement des aérosols. Plusieurs processus ont nécessité des révisions tels que la congélation homogène ou encore le comportement des composés organiques. / Aircraft emit important amounts of particulate and gaseous matter in the atmosphere contributing on the one hand to local air pollution and on the other hand to the atmospheric radiative forcing and to climate change. Introducing alternative fuels in aviation can be considered as a viable option to reducing the impact of aviation, being economically and environmentally sustainable. These selected biofuels tend to have lower aromatic and sulphur contents inducing a simultaneous reduction in sulphuric acid and soot emissions. However modifying the nature and composition of the fuel used can entail unexpected consequences. It is therefore essential to study and determine the evolution of aerosols in the aircraft plume. To manage this task, a microphysical trajectory box, previously tested with standard kerosene, has been developed. After an assessment concerning the typical emissions from the combustion of biofuels in aviation, simulations have been undertaken in order to predict aerosol evolution. Several microphysical processes have been revised such as droplet homogeneous freezing or the behaviour of organic compounds.