Esta tese analisa o processo de recrutamento dos jovens pelos principais partidos do Rio Grande do Sul [PP, DEM, PSDB, PMDB, PDT, PCdoB e PT], considerando seus três momentos: (1) filiação, (2) formação política e (3) seleção. O estudo tem objetivo de confrontar com dados empíricos a hipótese difundida pela literatura de que os partidos brasileiros são inorgânicos, o que permite inferir que não promovem recrutamentos que contempla suas três etapas, principalmente no caso de jovens. A análise propõe uma tipologia do recrutamento partidário para avaliar as formas, modalidades e tipos de filiação, formação e seleção de jovens no conjunto de partidos selecionados. Os dados utilizados são primários e secundários, qualitativos e quantitativos, contemplando análise documental dos estatutos partidários, entrevistas em profundidade com as lideranças de juventude e um survey com amostragem por cotas segundo sexo, faixa etária e partido político, com jovens filiados de 16 a 34 anos, com recorte temporal em 2014 e 2015. Os resultados mostram que as etapas de filiação, formação e seleção são compreendidas de maneira autônoma nos estatutos, enquanto as entrevistas com as lideranças e a opinião dos filiados em geral demonstram uma conexão entre as três etapas, sendo predominante recrutamentos que contemplam formação e seleção para cargos. Portanto, as evidências contestam a hipótese derivada do debate da literatura especializada, mostrando que os partidos recrutam jovens que são formados e selecionados, com possibilidade de se tornarem futuras lideranças. / This thesis analyses the recruitment of young people by the main parties from Rio Grande do Sul [PP, DEM, PSDB, PMDB, PDT, PCdoB e PT], considering its three moments: (1) affiliation, (2) political training and (3) selection. The study has the objective to confront with empirical data to the spread hypothesis by the Literature that the Brazilian parties are inorganic which allow inferring that they do not promote recruitment, which contemplate its three steps mainly with young people. The analysis proposes a typology of party recruitment to evaluate the manners, modalities and types of affiliation, formation and selection of young people in the group of the selected parties. The used data are primary and secondary, qualitative and quantitative contemplating documental analysis from the party statutes, in-depth interviews with the youth leaders and a survey with sampling by quotas according to the gender, age and political party with young affiliate aged from 16 to 24 years old with temporal cut in 2014 and 2015. The results show that the affiliation steps, formation and selection are understood in an autonomous manner in the statutes while the interview with the leadership and the affiliates’ opinion in general demonstrate a connection among the three steps being recruitment predominant, which contemplates formation and selection to the positions. However, the evidences contest the derivative hypothesis from the specialized literature debate showing that the parties recruit young people who are graduated and they are selected with the possibility of becoming future leaderships.

Esta tese analisa o processo de recrutamento dos jovens pelos principais partidos do Rio Grande do Sul [PP, DEM, PSDB, PMDB, PDT, PCdoB e PT], considerando seus três momentos: (1) filiação, (2) formação política e (3) seleção. O estudo tem objetivo de confrontar com dados empíricos a hipótese difundida pela literatura de que os partidos brasileiros são inorgânicos, o que permite inferir que não promovem recrutamentos que contempla suas três etapas, principalmente no caso de jovens. A análise propõe uma tipologia do recrutamento partidário para avaliar as formas, modalidades e tipos de filiação, formação e seleção de jovens no conjunto de partidos selecionados. Os dados utilizados são primários e secundários, qualitativos e quantitativos, contemplando análise documental dos estatutos partidários, entrevistas em profundidade com as lideranças de juventude e um survey com amostragem por cotas segundo sexo, faixa etária e partido político, com jovens filiados de 16 a 34 anos, com recorte temporal em 2014 e 2015. Os resultados mostram que as etapas de filiação, formação e seleção são compreendidas de maneira autônoma nos estatutos, enquanto as entrevistas com as lideranças e a opinião dos filiados em geral demonstram uma conexão entre as três etapas, sendo predominante recrutamentos que contemplam formação e seleção para cargos. Portanto, as evidências contestam a hipótese derivada do debate da literatura especializada, mostrando que os partidos recrutam jovens que são formados e selecionados, com possibilidade de se tornarem futuras lideranças. / This thesis analyses the recruitment of young people by the main parties from Rio Grande do Sul [PP, DEM, PSDB, PMDB, PDT, PCdoB e PT], considering its three moments: (1) affiliation, (2) political training and (3) selection. The study has the objective to confront with empirical data to the spread hypothesis by the Literature that the Brazilian parties are inorganic which allow inferring that they do not promote recruitment, which contemplate its three steps mainly with young people. The analysis proposes a typology of party recruitment to evaluate the manners, modalities and types of affiliation, formation and selection of young people in the group of the selected parties. The used data are primary and secondary, qualitative and quantitative contemplating documental analysis from the party statutes, in-depth interviews with the youth leaders and a survey with sampling by quotas according to the gender, age and political party with young affiliate aged from 16 to 24 years old with temporal cut in 2014 and 2015. The results show that the affiliation steps, formation and selection are understood in an autonomous manner in the statutes while the interview with the leadership and the affiliates’ opinion in general demonstrate a connection among the three steps being recruitment predominant, which contemplates formation and selection to the positions. However, the evidences contest the derivative hypothesis from the specialized literature debate showing that the parties recruit young people who are graduated and they are selected with the possibility of becoming future leaderships.

Esta tese analisa o processo de recrutamento dos jovens pelos principais partidos do Rio Grande do Sul [PP, DEM, PSDB, PMDB, PDT, PCdoB e PT], considerando seus três momentos: (1) filiação, (2) formação política e (3) seleção. O estudo tem objetivo de confrontar com dados empíricos a hipótese difundida pela literatura de que os partidos brasileiros são inorgânicos, o que permite inferir que não promovem recrutamentos que contempla suas três etapas, principalmente no caso de jovens. A análise propõe uma tipologia do recrutamento partidário para avaliar as formas, modalidades e tipos de filiação, formação e seleção de jovens no conjunto de partidos selecionados. Os dados utilizados são primários e secundários, qualitativos e quantitativos, contemplando análise documental dos estatutos partidários, entrevistas em profundidade com as lideranças de juventude e um survey com amostragem por cotas segundo sexo, faixa etária e partido político, com jovens filiados de 16 a 34 anos, com recorte temporal em 2014 e 2015. Os resultados mostram que as etapas de filiação, formação e seleção são compreendidas de maneira autônoma nos estatutos, enquanto as entrevistas com as lideranças e a opinião dos filiados em geral demonstram uma conexão entre as três etapas, sendo predominante recrutamentos que contemplam formação e seleção para cargos. Portanto, as evidências contestam a hipótese derivada do debate da literatura especializada, mostrando que os partidos recrutam jovens que são formados e selecionados, com possibilidade de se tornarem futuras lideranças. / This thesis analyses the recruitment of young people by the main parties from Rio Grande do Sul [PP, DEM, PSDB, PMDB, PDT, PCdoB e PT], considering its three moments: (1) affiliation, (2) political training and (3) selection. The study has the objective to confront with empirical data to the spread hypothesis by the Literature that the Brazilian parties are inorganic which allow inferring that they do not promote recruitment, which contemplate its three steps mainly with young people. The analysis proposes a typology of party recruitment to evaluate the manners, modalities and types of affiliation, formation and selection of young people in the group of the selected parties. The used data are primary and secondary, qualitative and quantitative contemplating documental analysis from the party statutes, in-depth interviews with the youth leaders and a survey with sampling by quotas according to the gender, age and political party with young affiliate aged from 16 to 24 years old with temporal cut in 2014 and 2015. The results show that the affiliation steps, formation and selection are understood in an autonomous manner in the statutes while the interview with the leadership and the affiliates’ opinion in general demonstrate a connection among the three steps being recruitment predominant, which contemplates formation and selection to the positions. However, the evidences contest the derivative hypothesis from the specialized literature debate showing that the parties recruit young people who are graduated and they are selected with the possibility of becoming future leaderships.

My dissertation focuses on the effect of several variables on two key forms of political participation -- voting and candidacy. First, I examine how voter turnout is impacted by differences in the intensity of political beliefs across the electorate and the resulting impact on candidate issue choice. Next, I examine the role of term limits and political party recruitment policies in determining the quality of the political class. Finally, I examine the impact of term limits at the lower rungs of the political ladder on the quality of individuals seeking higher office. In Chapter 2, I present a modified version of Downs’ spatial model to analyze the effect on candidates’ policy choices when there is a positive relationship between political extremism and conviction. I assume that alienation and lack of conviction affect voter turnout negatively. I find that the positive relationship between political extremism and conviction leads candidates away from the center and describe the conditions under which segments of the electorate will abstain in equilibrium. Incorporating candidate asymmetry through differences in valence and campaign finances resulted in the strategy of the disadvantaged candidate being unrestricted. Meanwhile, the advantaged candidate can afford to be more centrist or extremist than his opponent in order to win the election. In Chapter 3, I present a multi-period model analyzing the impact of political party recruitment and retention policies and the implementation of term limits on the quality of individuals seeking a career in politics. Candidates differ in political skill and their political skill directly affects the provision of a public good. Term limits lead to a restructuring of the timing of rewards for political careers. I find that term limits increase the probability of entry of those of lesser quality. Under certain conditions, term limits reduce the expected ability of those entering the political arena, as those of higher ability are more adversely affected by the restructuring of rewards. In Chapter 4, I explore the extent to which term limits alter the average quality of office-seekers for higher-level political positions. In addition, I determine whether improvement in quality in upper level political positions comes at the expense of lower level positions. The results suggest that term limits on lower level elected offices reduce the expected political skill of officeholders at this level. Under limited circumstances, term limits will also reduce the expected political skill of those seeking upper level political positions. Under most conditions, term limitation at lower level offices lead to an improvement in the quality of elected officials in upper level offices. / text