Submitted by Kelson Anthony de Menezes (kelson@ucb.br) on 2016-12-09T13:47:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RayaneNogueiradosSantosDissertacao2015.pdf: 555926 bytes, checksum: f0d1ecfbcace9fe6c92b10a14d0327c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T13:47:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RayaneNogueiradosSantosDissertacao2015.pdf: 555926 bytes, checksum: f0d1ecfbcace9fe6c92b10a14d0327c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / Acute gastroenteritis, especially in developing countries, is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, which affects people of all social classes. The knowledge of etiological agent assists the choice of a treatment strategy, but also directs epidemiological studies for control measures and disease prevention, as the development of vaccines and diagnostic tests. Metagenomic approaches enable the detection of viral sequences to determine the virus population present in the stool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viroma of human feces in 4 distinct groups, consisting of diarrheal stool samples from children, diarrheal from adults, no diarrhea from adults and immunocompromised, identifying likely pathogens involved in cases of gastroenteritis. The viral metagenomic execution method consists of the semi-purification, extraction of RNA and DNA, amplification of RNA and DNA, library construction, sequencing and analysis of the data by bioinformatics. In the analysis of the first group were detecting bacteriophages, astrovirus and torque teno virus; in the second group were identified, among others, bacteriophages, adenoviruses and torque teno virus; the third group of viruses Circoviridae family and bacteriophages; in the fourth group adenovirus, torque teno virus, gyrovirus and human papillomavirus. These results emphasize what has been identified in the literature and provides evidence that viral metagenomics has facilitated advances in the field of virology, for being a sensitive technique for the detection of viruses which can not be identified by traditional culture.Acute gastroenteritis, especially in developing countries, is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, which affects people of all social classes. The knowledge of etiological agent assists the choice of a treatment strategy, but also directs epidemiological studies for control measures and disease prevention, as the development of vaccines and diagnostic tests. Metagenomic approaches enable the detection of viral sequences to determine the virus population present in the stool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viroma of human feces in 4 distinct groups, consisting of diarrheal stool samples from children, diarrheal from adults, no diarrhea from adults and immunocompromised, identifying likely pathogens involved in cases of gastroenteritis. The viral metagenomic execution method consists of the semi-purification, extraction of RNA and DNA, amplification of RNA and DNA, library construction, sequencing and analysis of the data by bioinformatics. In the analysis of the first group were detecting bacteriophages, astrovirus and torque teno virus; in the second group were identified, among others, bacteriophages, adenoviruses and torque teno virus; the third group of viruses Circoviridae family and bacteriophages; in the fourth group adenovirus, torque teno virus, gyrovirus and human papillomavirus. These results emphasize what has been identified in the literature and provides evidence that viral metagenomics has facilitated advances in the field of virology, for being a sensitive technique for the detection of viruses which can not be identified by traditional culture. / A gastroenterite aguda, especialmente em pa??ses em desenvolvimento, ?? uma importante causa de mortalidade e morbidade, que atinge pessoas de todas as classes sociais. O conhecimento do agente etiol??gico nestas infec????es auxilia a escolha da estrat??gia de tratamento, como tamb??m direciona estudos epidemiol??gicos para medidas de controle e preven????o de doen??a, como o desenvolvimento de vacinas e testes diagn??sticos. Abordagens metagen??micas possibilitam a detec????o de sequ??ncias virais, para determinar a popula????o viral presente nas fezes. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o viroma de fezes humanas em 4 grupos distintos, sendo composto por amostras fecais diarreicas de crian??as, diarreicas de adultos, n??o diarreicas de adultos e de imunocomprometidos, identificando prov??veis pat??genos envolvidos nos quadros de gastroenterite. O m??todo de execu????o da metagen??mica viral consistiu na semi-purifica????o, extra????o de RNA e DNA, amplifica????o do RNA e DNA, constru????o da biblioteca, sequenciamento e an??lises dos dados por bioinform??tica. Na an??lise do primeiro grupo houve detec????o de bacteri??fagos, astrov??rus e torque teno v??rus; no segundo grupo foram identificados, entre outros, bacteri??fagos, adenov??rus e torque teno v??rus; no terceiro grupo v??rus da fam??lia Circoviridae e de bacteri??fagos; no quarto grupo adenov??rus, torque teno v??rus, gyrovirus e papilomav??rus humano. Esses resultados enfatizam o que tem se identificado na literatura e fornece evid??ncia de que a metagen??mica viral tem facilitado os avan??os no campo da virologia, sendo esta, uma t??cnica sens??vel para a detec????o de v??rus que n??o podem ser identificados por cultura tradicional.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-14T22:46:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o Nara Munick Cerquira Lopes Oliv eira.pdf: 4232139 bytes, checksum: a9ff1ac54121065ff87576be3e6c69b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-04 / In an attempt to pathogen reduction in sewage sludge there are several post treatments alternatives, such as thermal drying, lime stabilization, composting and others. The present study aimed to evaluate an alternative process to reduce pathogens in sewage sludge by using mango processing waste, which contains antimicrobial properties against gram-positive and negative bacteria. The sewage sludge from UASB reactor was stabilized for 30 days in drying bed and submitted to the sanitization process with different concentrations of mango?s peel (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)) and kernel seed (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% (w/w)), with sewage sludge as a positive control and alkalinized sludge as negative control. It was monitored total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli concentrations over 90 days (at 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days), as well as determination of total and volatile solids, moisture, total organic carbon, nitrogen, pH, phosphorus and viable helminthes eggs. The results indicated that the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of treatments showed little variation during the trial period. At day 90, the levels of total and fecal coliforms were <3 MPN/g TS in positive and negative controls as well as in most of treatments with mango?s residues. The use of mango?s kernel seed or peel resulted in a reduction of 99.9999% of enterococci, 99.999% of E. coli and 99% of salmonella numbers present at the beginning of this evaluation. Although there has been a reduction in the levels of pathogens, the biosolids obtained still has restrictions for agricultural use, according to current Brazilian legislation: CONAMA Resolution 375/06 and Normative Instruction N0 64/2008 of the Ministry of Agriculture. / Na tentativa de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto existem varias alternativas de p?s-tratamentos tais como: secagem t?rmica, estabiliza??o com cal, compostagem entre outros. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar um processo alternativo de redu??o de pat?genos no lodo de esgoto pelo uso de res?duos do processamento da manga, que contem propriedades antimicrobianas contra bact?rias gram-positivas e negativas. O lodo de esgoto proveniente do reator UASB foi estabilizado por 30 dias em leito de secagem e submetido ao processo de higieniza??o com diferentes concentra??es de casca (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) e de semente (5, 10, 15, 20 e 30% (p/p)) de manga, utilizando como controle positivo o lodo seco e controle negativo o lodo seco alcalinizado. Foram monitoradas as concentra??es de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Salmonella spp. Enterococus spp. e Escherichia coli ao longo de 90 dias (nos tempos 0, 3, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60 e 90 dias), bem como a determina??o de s?lidos totais, s?lidos vol?teis, umidade, carbono org?nico total, nitrog?nio, pH, fosforo e ovos vi?veis de helmintos. Os resultados indicaram que as concentra??es de carbono, nitrog?nio e f?sforo dos tratamentos analisados apresentaram pouca varia??o durante o per?odo de avalia??o. Ao final dos 90 dias, os n?veis de coliformes totais e termotolerantes foram <3 NMP/g ST no controle positivo e negativo, bem como na maioria dos tratamentos com res?duos de manga. A utiliza??o de casca ou semente de manga resultou na redu??o de 99,9999% dos Enterococos, 99,999% de E. coli e 99% da salmonela presente no in?cio da avalia??o. Embora tenha havido redu??o nos n?veis de pat?genos, o bioss?lido obtido ainda apresenta restri??es de uso agr?cola, de acordo com as legisla??es brasileiras vigentes: Resolu??o CONAMA 375/06 e Instru??o normativa N0 64/2008 do Minist?rio da Agricultura.