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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Grid based Indoor Radiolocation Technique Based on Spatially Coherent Path Loss Model

Ambarkutuk, Murat January 2017 (has links)
This thesis presents a grid-based indoor radiolocation technique based on a Spatially Coherent Path Loss Model (SCPL). SCPL is a path loss model which characterizes the radio wave propagation in an environment by solely using Received Signal Strength (RSS) fingerprints. The propagation of the radio waves is characterized by uniformly dividing the environment into grid cells, followed by the estimation of the propagation parameters for each grid cell individually. By using SCPL and RSS fingerprints acquired at an unknown location, the distance between an agent and all the access point in an indoor environment can be determined. A least-squares based trilateration is then used as the global fix of location the agent in the environment. The result of the trilateration is then represented in a probability distribution function over the grid cells induced by SCPL. Since the proposed technique is able to locally model the propagation accounting for attenuation of non-uniform environmental irregularities, the characterization of the path loss in the indoor environment and radiolocation technique might yield improved results. The efficacy of the proposed technique was investigated with an experiment comparing SCPL and an indoor radiolocation technique based on a conventional path loss model. / Master of Science / This thesis presents a technique uses radio waves to localize an agent in an indoor environment. By characterizing the difference between transmitted and received power of the radio waves, the agent can determine how far it is away from the transmitting antennas, i.e. access points, placed in the environment. Since the power difference mainly results from obstructions in the environment, the attenuation profile of the environment carries a significant importance in radiolocation techniques. The proposed technique, called Spatially Coherent Path Loss Model (SCPL), characterizes the radio wave propagation, i.e. the attenuation, separately for different regions of the environment, unlike the conventional techniques employing global attenuation profiles. The localization environment is represented with grid-cell structure and the parameters of SCPL model describing the extent of the attenuation of the environment are estimated individually. After creating an attenuation profile of the environment, the agent localizes itself in the localization environment by using SCPL with signal powers received from the access points. This scheme of attenuation profiling constitutes the main contribution of the proposed technique. The efficacy and validity of the proposed technique was investigated with an experiment comparing SCPL and an indoor radiolocation technique based on a conventional path loss model.
2

Propagation Modeling and Performance Evaluation in an Atrium Building

Lu, Yao January 2014 (has links)
In this thesis electromagnetic wave propagation is investigated in an indoor environment. The indoor environment is a furnished office building with corridors, corners and rooms. Particularly, there is an atrium through the building in the center. For the study there were measurements available from real building in the 2.1 GHz frequency band. One objective is to design a propagation model that should be simple but reflect the trend of the propagation measurements. Furthermore, a system performance evaluation is carried out based on the implemented model. The proposed 3D model is a combination of the Free Space Path Loss model, the Keenan-Motley model and the recursive diffraction model. The channel predictions from the 2D Keenan-Motley algorithm are quite different from the measurements. Therefore, the 3D Keenan-Motley algorithm is designed to depict the atrium effect and speed up the simulation at the same time. Besides a buttery radiation diagram is created to mimic Kathrein 80010709 antenna installed in the building. Finally, a diffracted path is added to improve the received signal strength for the users around the atrium areas. With all the above procedures, the final results from the model are in good quantitative agreement with the measurement data. With the implemented propagation model, a further analysis of the system performance on the Distributed Antenna System (DAS) is performed. A comparison for the system capacity between the closed building and the atrium building is conducted, showing that the former one benefits more when the number of the cells increases. The reason is the atrium cells suffer severe interference from neighbor cells during high traffic demand scenarios. Then some further cell configurations show that the number of the cells, the geometry performance and the balance of the user fraction should be considered to improve the system capacity.
3

Μετρήσεις χαρακτηρισμού και στατιστική μοντελοποίηση ασύρματου καναλιού σε εσωτερικούς και εξωτερικούς χώρους με διαλείψεις και παρεμβολές

Χρυσικός, Θεόφιλος 01 October 2012 (has links)
Το πρόβλημα της μοντελοποίησης του ασύρματου διαύλου συνίσταται σε ένα ολοένα και αυξανόμενο πλήθος παραμέτρων και ιδιαίτερων χαρακτηριστικών που πρέπει να λαμβάνονται υπόψη και να ενσωματώνονται στα πλαίσια του RF σχεδιασμού (Radio-Frequency planning) ενός ασύρματου δικτύου εύρωστης παροχής υπηρεσιών. Ο χαρακτηρισμός του ασύρματου καναλιού προϋποθέτει κάτι περισσότερο από μία ντετερμινιστική εξίσωση που υπολογίζει τις απώλειες οδεύσεως ελεύθερου χώρου συναρτήσει της απόστασης πομπού-δέκτη και της συχνότητας. Ένα αξιόπιστο μοντέλο απωλειών σε μία τέτοια περίπτωση απαιτεί τον συνυπολογισμό των απωλειών λόγω των διάφορων μηχανισμών διάδοσης και εξασθένησης της Η/Μ ακτινοβολίας, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των απωλειών λόγω εμποδίων, αλλά και των φαινομένων σκίασης λόγω ανθρώπινης παρεμβολής. Η σημασία της συμβολής της διατριβής έγκειται στην συγκριτική αντιπαραβολή των βασικότερων μοντέλων απωλειών οδεύσεως και στην αριθμητική διόρθωση και επαναξιολόγηση του μοντέλου της ITU για ένα σύνολο τοπολογιών σύνθετης ράδιο-διάδοσης. Οι προτεινόμενες μας αλλαγές στο μοντέλο ITU αύξησαν σημαντικά την αξιοπιστία του όχι μόνο σε σχέση με την αρχική του απόδοση αλλά και συγκριτικά με τα υπόλοιπα μοντέλα. Επιπρόσθετα, υπολογίσαμε αναλυτικά για κάθε τοπολογία την εξασθένηση ανά απόσταση και προβήκαμε στην μοντελοποίηση της γεωγραφικής διασποράς της εξασθένησης ανά απόσταση με τρόπο που μπορεί να αποτελέσει το θεμέλιο ενός προγνωστικού εργαλείου για την παράμετρο αυτή. Επίσης, εξετάσαμε τις διαλείψεις μεγάλης κλίμακας και καταλήξαμε σε μία καινοτόμο μέθοδο για τον υπολογισμό του βάθους σκίασης απευθείας από τα εμπόδια της εκάστοτε τοπολογίας. Η μέθοδος αυτή προτάθηκε και ελέγχθηκε για την ακρίβειά της στα 2.4 GHz, αλλά μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί για κάθε συχνότητα ενδιαφέροντος εφόσον ακολουθηθούν οι διαδικασίες καταμέτρησης των απωλειών σκίασης των εμποδίων κάθε τύπου και πλήθους. Με τη μέθοδο αυτή μπορεί να υπολογιστεί και η εξασθένηση ανά απόσταση μέσω του βάθους σκίασης, συνεπώς είναι εφικτός ο χαρακτηρισμός της εξασθένησης εντός της τοπολογίας χωρίς την αναγκαιότητα πραγματοποίησης εκτεταμένων μετρήσεων. Επιπρόσθετα, εξετάσαμε πώς διαφορετικοί μηχανισμοί ράδιο-διάδοσης οδηγούν σε διαφορετική γεωγραφική διασπορά των τοπικών τιμών της λαμβανόμενης ισχύος. Τέλος, παρουσιάστηκε η λύση της Ασφάλειας Φυσικού Επιπέδου (Wireless Information-Theoretic Security, WITS) με διερεύνηση της επίδρασης των ρεαλιστικών απωλειών οδεύσεων ενός ασύρματου διαύλου με εμπόδια και διαλείψεις στα όρια των τιμών των παραμέτρων, ενώ επίσης εξετάστηκε για πρώτη φορά σε κλειστή μορφή η Αποκοπή Χωρητικότητας Ασφαλείας (Outage Secrecy Capacity). Μελετήσαμε την επίδραση της κινητικότητας των χρηστών στην αξιοπιστία της μεθόδου σε επίπεδο προσομοιώσεων αλλά και με πειραματικές μετρήσεις, αξιολογώντας ποσοτικά και ποιοτικά την επίδρασή τους στα όρια τιμών των παραμέτρων υπό την παρουσία ενός ωτακουστή, και εν συνεχεία σε καθεστώς πολλαπλών ωτακουστών, θεωρώντας μέθοδο συνεργασίας ωτακουστών SC και MRC. / Wireless Channel Modeling consists of an even more increasing number of factors and parameters that need to be accounted for, in the context of RF planning. Wireless Channel Characterization requires more than a deterministic formula for calculating free space path loss in relation to frequency and distance. A reliable path loss model needs to incorporate in its formula the various propagation mechanisms that influence signal attenuation, including losses due to obstacles and human body shadowing. The importance of our contribution lies in the comparative evaluation and validation of the most fundamental RF path loss models and in the numerical adjustment and re-evaluation of the ITU path loss model for a number of different complex propagation topologies. Our suggested correction to the ITU model has significantly increased its prediction precision compared not only to the initial ITU model but also to all other path loss models in question. In addition, we have calculated the attenuation over distance and modeled the distribution of the local mean values versus distance throughout each topology, in a way that can serve as the foundation of a prediction method for this parameter. The large-scale fading of the received signal has also been characterized and a new empirical method for the calculation of the shadow depth has been introduced. This method has been validated for the 2.4 GHz frequency, but it can be applied to any frequency of interest as long as the respective obstacle-caused losses are measured. Extending this method can be applied in order to calculate the attenuation over distance as a function of shadow depth, therefore allowing us to predict this parameter without extensive measurements. The impact of different propagation mechanisms on the variation of distribution of local mean values of received signal power throughout the topology has also been studied. Finally, the concept of Wireless Information-Theoretic Security (WITS) was discussed, by investigating the impact of channel-dependent variation of path loss on the boundaries of secure communications as defined by WITS parameters, whereas a closed-form expression for Outage Secrecy Capacity was introduced. The impact of user mobility on the range of these parameters was investigated in terms of simulations and experimental measurements, in the presence of a single eavesdropper and also for a multiple eavesdroppers scenario, assuming SC and MRC schemes.

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