This practicum intends to explore the existence and nature of male client expectations of female therapists. The underlying assumptions of this study include: (1) clients have expectations; (2) sex roles exist in society; and (3) the sex of either the therapist or the client is a variable in the therapeutic situation. To carry out this study it is necessary to pursue the following tasks. The first step will be to define possible client expectations of therapists. Using this information, a questionnaire will be developed to verify the existence of these expectations. In addition, the questionnaire will hopefully indicate whether these expectations vary according to the sex of the therapist and whether these expectations vary with the sex of the client. The intention of this study is to yield data that will allow for conclusions regarding sex as a variable affecting client expectations, specifically male client expectations of female therapists.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Background: Most edentulous patients have expectations regarding complete dentures that are not only dependant on past experiences but also the information they received from others. These expectations may impact on the level of satisfaction the patient would have when receiving their complete dentures. When determining levels of satisfaction, factors such as comfort, speech, aesthetics, mastication, retention, fit / stability and occurrence of pain should be assessed. The dental student should be able to clinically apply theoretical knowledge to provide the patient with a stable and retentive denture that fulfils their expectations on function and aesthetics. Not much has been written regarding this link between patients' expectations and satisfaction with complete dentures at the University of the Western Cape, thus it warranted further investigation. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether patients' expectations influence their satisfaction with new complete dentures constructed by undergraduate dental students. Objectives:- 1. To determine the expectations of the edentulous patients prior to receiving new complete dentures. 2. To determine if patients’ expectations influences satisfaction with new complete dentures. 3. To investigate the influence of socio-demographic factors on patients' satisfaction wearing complete dentures. 4. To determine if the level of experience of the undergraduate student influences patient satisfaction. Methodology: This was an observational study using two questionnaires for data collection namely the Patient Expectation Questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile- 20. Socio-demographic data was collected as part of the first questionnaire. Each participant was given an individual case number that corresponded on both questionnaires. This facilitated correlation between the expectations and satisfaction results of individual patients. Results: The age range for the majority of the patients was between 56-65 years. Females made up 72% of the sample with 85% of the sample of coloured ethnicity. Statistical analysis included reliability testing of the Patient Expectation Questionnaire and the Cronbach's Alpha of .773 was recorded, which indicates good reliability. Results following analysis of the Oral Health Impact Profile-20 showed high levels of satisfaction in most domains. The correlation between patients' expectations and satisfaction with new complete dentures was not proven using Pearson correlation. However, the comparison between the expectations questionnaire and Oral Health Impact Profile-20 frequency distribution showed positive results and most expectations of the patient were met or even exceeded for certain domains. Conclusion: Once analysis of both questionnaires was completed high levels of expectations were recorded and these expectations were met in most domains. Even though the statistical relationship between patient expectations and satisfaction was not proven, analysis of the questionnaires yielded positive results. No association was found between pre-treatment expectation and patient satisfaction with complete dentures. Some socio-demographic factors influenced patient satisfaction with complete dentures. High levels of patient satisfaction were recorded regardless of the clinical experience of the undergraduate dental student.

Previous research has examined patients’ level of satisfaction with the care, in an attempt to develop health care services that match patients’ expectations and needs. Nevertheless, there is still considerable debate among researchers over conceptual and methodological issues. This research programme investigated factors that contribute to patient satisfaction with health care in two fairly different European health care systems (the UK’s NHS and Greece’s ESY). A further aim was to develop a scale to assess patient satisfaction and health care evaluations within these two cultural contexts. In order to achieve those aims, a sequential exploratory strategy incorporating, qualitative and quantitative designs was used to explore patient health care evaluations, patient satisfaction, expectations, health care experiences, interpersonal qualities of the doctor-patient relationship and health care contextual factors at both micro and macro level. Three studies were conducted: Studies 1a and 1b examined levels of patient satisfaction with health care delivery in Greece and the UK respectively. More similarities than differences were found between the two samples, but aspects of health system evaluation differed. The data obtained from this study informed the development of the Patient Expectation and Satisfaction Scale (PESS). The psychometric properties of the preliminary version of the scale were subsequently tested in non clinical populations in Greece and the UK (Studies 2a and 2b). The pilot testing of the PESS was based on a proposed theoretical framework suggesting that patients’ expectations depend on the nature of past experiences and current expectations. The variable that influences some of the differences between the two countries is health culture in terms of contextual health care differences. Although findings revealed similarities between the two cultures, differences were found relating to dissatisfaction, health care evaluations, expectations and the quality of the doctor-patient relationship. A revised version of the PESS, based on these findings, was administered to hospital outpatient populations in both countries (Study 3). The Patient Satisfaction and Expectation Model that emerged from this analysis incorporated three levels of patient satisfaction: at the micro level, the macro level and the interpersonal level. The importance of patients’ understanding of professional competence and its salience as a predictor of the effectiveness of the doctor-patient relationship was highlighted. The quality of the doctor-patient relationship emerged as an important determinant of patient satisfaction and adherence. The overall findings of this research programme suggest that patient satisfaction is multidimensional; despite contextual differences between the two health care systems, a universal concept exists that includes health care expectations, health care experiences, interpersonal qualities and aspects relating to operational and organisational structures at both micro and macro level.

The study investigated how patients in the general wards of the Avenues Clinic perceive the nursing care they received. The study objectives were to identify how nurses in the general wards of the Avenues Clinic respond to patients' needs and if the nursing care received from the nurses matched patients' expectations. The study further sought to determine if patients would return to use Avenues Clinic nursing services and recommend services to family and friends. Data was drawn from 87 respondents by randomly distributing 100 questionnaires to three thirty-four bedded general wards of the Avenues Clinic. Findings of the study indicated that the majority of patients who received nursing care that was in line with their expectations would also return to use Avenues Clinic nursing services as well as recommend the services to family and friends. The theme "optimal care" was used to consolidate patient satisfiers while "suboptimal care" was used to describe patient dissatisfiers. / Health Studies / (M.A.(Health Studies ))

The study investigated how patients in the general wards of the Avenues Clinic perceive the nursing care they received. The study objectives were to identify how nurses in the general wards of the Avenues Clinic respond to patients' needs and if the nursing care received from the nurses matched patients' expectations. The study further sought to determine if patients would return to use Avenues Clinic nursing services and recommend services to family and friends. Data was drawn from 87 respondents by randomly distributing 100 questionnaires to three thirty-four bedded general wards of the Avenues Clinic. Findings of the study indicated that the majority of patients who received nursing care that was in line with their expectations would also return to use Avenues Clinic nursing services as well as recommend the services to family and friends. The theme "optimal care" was used to consolidate patient satisfiers while "suboptimal care" was used to describe patient dissatisfiers. / Health Studies / (M.A.(Health Studies ))

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la satisfacción del paciente y la motivación académica del estudiante de odontología de pregrado en un centro universitario de salud de una universidad privada de Lima. Materiales y Métodos: El estudio fue transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 65 estudiantes de pregrado de Odontología, y 195 pacientes que acudieron por primera vez al centro de salud. (260 personas en total). El cuestionario SERVQUAL evaluó la satisfacción del paciente, y fue entregado en dos momentos: antes y después de la consulta odontológica. El EMA (escala de motivación académica) midió la motivación del estudiante, y fue entregada en una sesión para su llenado. Para la asociación de las variables principales (motivación académica y satisfacción) se realizó una regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta y se reportaron prevalencias crudas y ajustadas con todas las variables incluidas en el estudio, con un IC [95%]. Resultados: Se encontró un 62.05% (121) de pacientes satisfechos; y la mayoría de los estudiantes presentaron una motivación extrínseca alta con 76,92% (50). Se observó que los estudiantes con la motivación anteriormente mencionada tuvieron la mayor cantidad de pacientes satisfechos con un 77.50% (97). Sin embargo, no se encontró relación entre las variables. Conclusión: La mayoría de los pacientes estuvieron satisfechos con el servicio a pesar de que la mayoría de los estudiantes no se sentía motivado. No se encontró que la motivación académica esté asociada a la satisfacción del paciente. / Objective: To determine the association between patient satisfaction and academic motivation of the undergraduate dentistry student in a university health center of a private university in Lima. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 65 undergraduate dentistry students and 195 patients who attended the health center for the first time. (260 people in total). The SERVQUAL questionnaire evaluated patient satisfaction and was delivered in two moments: before and after the dental visit. The EMA (Academic Motivation Scale) measured student motivation and was delivered in one session to be filled out. For the association of the main variables (academic motivation and satisfaction), a Poisson regression with robust variance was performed and crude and adjusted prevalence were reported with all the variables included in the study, with a CI [95%]. Results: 62.05% (121) of satisfied patients were found; and most of the students presented high extrinsic motivation with 76.92% (50). It was observed that students with the aforementioned motivation had the highest number of satisfied patients with 77.50% (97). However, no relationship was found between the variables. Conclusion: Most of the patients were satisfied with the service even though the majority of the students did not feel motivated. Academic motivation was not found to be associated with patient satisfaction. / Tesis