Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ. , 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1976. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-166). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1976. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-166).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin. School of Nursing, 1974. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur personer med HIV upplevde bemötandet inom vården i I-länder. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Artikelsökningarna gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier hittades men författarna har enbart använt sig av de kvalitativa studierna (n=11). Studierna granskades sedan med modifierade granskningsmallar för kvalitetsbedömning. Resultat: De funna studiernas resultat granskades och utifrån detta identifierade författarna fyra teman; Att hållas på avstånd, Att bli annorlunda bemött, Att få en stämpel och Positivt bemötande. Resultatet visade att vårdpersonalen höll avstånd från patienter genom att använda sig av överdrivna hygienrutiner, och i vissa fall förekom det att patienterna blev nekade vård på grund av sin HIV diagnos. Att bli annorlunda bemött handlade i många fall om att patienterna blev utsatta för kränkande behandling. Flera patienter beskrev hur de upplevde att personalen kategoriserade dem och gav dem en stämpel på grund av sin diagnos. De upplevde även att vårdpersonalen offentliggjorde deras diagnos genom att bryta mot sekretessen. Resultatet visade att patienter upplevt positivt bemötande och att vårdpersonalen gett dem stöd. Litteraturöversikten visade också att flera patienter föredrog att söka vård på specialistkliniker. Slutsats: Många patienter kände sig kränkta och annorlunda bemötta i möte med sjukvårdspersonal. De föredrog att söka vård på speciella HIV kliniker eftersom de kände att personalen där hade bättre förståelse för sjukdomen.

This phenomenological study was designed to explore the essential structure of caring and uncaring encounters, as perceived by recipients of nursing care in their interactions with nurses, with the aim of adding to the knowledge and understanding of these phenomena. Data were collected through 18 in-depth interviews with nine former recipients of nursing care. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim for each participant. The researcher saw the participants in the study as coresearchers and through inter-subjective interaction, or dialogue, the essential description of a caring and an uncaring encounter was constructed. The essential structures of both caring and uncaring encounters are composed of three basic components: the approach by the nurse, the presence or absence of relationship formation, and finally, the patient responses to the encounter. The first component in the essential structure of a caring encounter with a nurse — from the client's perspective, is the professional caring nurse approach. The nurse is perceived to be competent, administering her care with genuine concern for the patient as a person, giving him full attention when with him, and constituting a cheerful presence for the patient. The coresearchers reported that these characteristics, which were perceived by them as evidence of caring, had promoted in them a feeling of trust, which had facilitated a development of a nurse-patient relationship. The development of a nurse-patient relationship, or professional attachment, comprises the second essential component of a caring encounter. Developing a nurse-patient relationship was conceptualized in this study as a process involving five phases: initiating attachment, consisting of reaching out and responding by both nurse and patient; mutual acknowledgement of personhood, where nurse and patient recognize each others as persons; acknowledgement of attachment, involving confirmation of attachment; professional intimacy, when the patient feels safe enough in the relationship to reveal to the nurse particulars about his present condition and how he feels about them; and finally negotiation of care, when the nurse works collaboratively with the patient and truely takes his perspective into account when giving nursing care. Throughout the attachment development the professional nurse keeps a distance, an important dimension of professional attachment which the coresearchers clearly articulated had to be present in order to keep the nurse-patient relationship within the professional domain. This combination of intimacy and distance is referred to as nurse-patient attachment with professional distance. The professional caring nurse approach and the resulting nurse-patient attachment with professional distance form the essential structure of professional caring. The patient responses to professional caring comprise the last component in the structure of a caring encounter with a nurse. Five themes were identified in the coresearchers' accounts: sense of acceptance and self-worth; sense of encouragement and support; sense of confidence and control; sense of well-being and healing; and finally sense of gratitude and liking. The essential structure of an uncaring encounter with a nurse — from the client's perspective is also comprised of three basic components: the nurse's approach to the patient, which is perceived by the patient as indifference to him as a person; the resulting nurse-patient detachment with total distance between the nurse and the patient; and finally patient responses to uncaring. Four dimensions of an uncaring nurse approach were identified in the data, characterized by increased indifference, inattentiveness, and insensitivity to the patient and his needs: apathetic inattention, unconcerned insensitivity unkind coldness, and harsh inhumanity. Perceived nurse indifference to the patient as a person makes the patient distrustful of the nurse. The patient often perceives the nurse as an authoritarian person with a need to control, and the patient's encounter with her is characterized by a lack of professional attachment, limited verbal communication, negative nonverbal communication by the nurse, and a lack of collaboration and negotiation of care. This is referred to as nurse-patient detachment with total distance. It was the core searchers' unanimous perception that uncaring encounters with nurses were very discouraging and distressing experiences for them as patients. The coresearchers responses to the uncaring encounters were many-sided. Seven major themes were identified in their accounts: puzzlement and disbelief; anger and resentment; despair and helplessness; feelings of alienation and identity-loss; feelings of vulnerability; perceived effects on healing; and finally long-term effects of uncaring encounters. It was the coresearchers' unanimous perception that the uncaring encounters made an indelible impression on them, had a longer lasting effect than caring encounters, and tended to be both acid edged and memorable unresolved experiences. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

A research report submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of MSc. Med (Bioethics & Health Law) Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Johannesburg November 2017. / Most literature on commercialisation of healthcare reports on the effects of the continuing commodification of healthcare on the doctor-patient relationship. It suggests that the commodification of healthcare as a management practice has the potential to alter the power balance between doctor and patient, and affect the care relationship. This has resulted with the global rebranding of patients as healthcare consumers, in the process impacting on the caring value that characterises the healthcare doctor-patient relationship. In contrast, however, these concerns have not been widely investigated in relation to the nurse-patient relationship. This relationship, grounded as it is in care ethics, has the potential to be severely altered by the pressures of healthcare commodification – particularly as nurses continue to be the primary caregivers in hospital settings. Thus, the study aimed to address this by empirically identifying and exploring areas of ethical tension relating to nurse-patient relationships in a commodified healthcare environment. The objectives of the study were to offer an empirically-based care ethics discussion on nursing care in private healthcare facilities. This study plays a part in addressing the current absence of both theoretical and empirical studies that examine the impact of commodification of healthcare on the actions of nurses. The study used a qualitative, explorative and descriptive approach to thematically analyse data collected from interviews with 16 nurses working in a private healthcare facility in Johannesburg. The findings support the argument that the commodification of healthcare transforms the nature of healthcare provision resulting with the replacement of professional ethics with marketplace ethics. This is harmful to the mutual trust and respect between the nurses and their patients. Hence, it is critical to rethink the value of compassionate and humane care as an integral part of ethical nursing practice. / LG2018

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The attitudes of Indiana dentists toward the treatment of cerebral palsied patients were investigated. A two-page questionnaire constructed by the investigator was used. A sample of 506 dentists were selected: 402 general practitioners chosen on the basis of year of graduation, location and community size; and 104 specialists chosen on the basis of geographic location and type of practice. All of the practicing specialties were represented. Eighty percent of the questionnaires were returned, including 75 percent of general practitioners and 97 percent of specialists. The first hypothesis, that general practitioners are reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients, was disproved. Forty-eight percent of the general practitioners had treated one or more such patients in the past year and 84 percent indicated willingness to treat these patients. The general practitioners cited a lack of proper equipment and a feeling of apprehension as problems. The second hypothesis, that the general practitioner in a community of less than 2,500 is more reluctant to treat cerebral palsied patients than those in a larger city, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found based on community size. The third hypothesis, that the general practitioner who has graduated from dental school within the last 10 years is less reluctant to treat these patients than earlier graduates, was also disproved. No statistically significant difference was found between these groups. The fourth hypothesis, that the general practitioner feels that he did not receive adequate education concerning treatment of these patients and is willing to acquire more knowledge, was verified. The fifth hypothesis, that the specialist is less reluctant to treat patients with cerebral palsy than is the general practitioners was verified. Nearly 90 per cent of the specialists indicated a willingness to treat patients with cerebral palsy.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The psychosomatic concept in dentistry has been approached two-fold manner: a) the interrelationship of psychological factors and dental problems as reflected in the literature has been discussed, confirming the hypothesis that psychosomatic dentistry should be acknowledged by the dental profession as integral part of the dental school curriculum; b) a second hypothesis, namely a possible correlation between dental decay and psychopathology has been tested as follows: 70 institutionalized mentally ill patients, 25 males and 45 females, were administered the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), ICL (Interpersonal Check List), and the following indices were determined: Russell's periodontal classification, the DMFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth) and the DMFS (Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces). Findings show the average number of teeth and tooth surfaces affected, using the DMFT and DMFS were found to be more for the institutionalized mentally ill than for the average non-institutionalized person. Findings also show that while the ICL did not correlate with the dental scores, some of the MMPI scores did. The MMPI, considered by psychologists a much more subtle instrument than the Interpersonal Check List, did yield some positive results in this study, thus supporting to some degree the hypothesis that there is a relationship between dental decay and psychopathology.