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by Lau Ming Ho Victor. / Thesis submitted in: Dec. 1998. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [111-120]). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Review of Literature --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Learning Disability Hospital as an institution --- p.3 / Chapter 2.2 --- Social Policy --- p.4 / Chapter 2.3 --- Findings of The Interpretative Studies --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Institutional context for staff practice --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Critique of Goffman work --- p.12 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Theoretical studies in learning disability hospitals: residents as objects --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Institutionally-oriented practice --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Instrumental control --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- A ffective control --- p.16 / Chapter 2.4 --- Observational Studies in Hospital Wards for People with Learning Disability --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5 --- Institutional Influences --- p.21 / Chapter 2.6 --- Role Redefinition of Ward Nurses --- p.22 / Chapter 2.7 --- Staff-Resident Dynamic --- p.23 / Chapter 2.8 --- Summary of Literature Review --- p.24 / Chapter 2.9 --- Aims and Objectives of Study --- p.25 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Operational Definition of Interaction --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research Design --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- Setting --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data Collection Method: Systematic Observation --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Staff-Resident Interaction Chronograph (SRIC) --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Conducting the observations --- p.34 / Chapter 3.5 --- Data Collection Method: Qualitative Interview --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Conducting the qualitative interviews --- p.35 / Chapter 3.6 --- Sampling for Observation --- p.35 / Chapter 3.7 --- Sampling for Qualitative Interview --- p.36 / Chapter 3.8 --- Ethical issues --- p.39 / Chapter 3.9 --- Pilot Work --- p.40 / Chapter 3.10 --- Major Changes in The Main Study --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Reliability and Validity Issues --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- Validity and Reliability of Systematic Observation --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Observer training --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Enhancement of inter-observer reliability --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Evidence of inter-observer reliability --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Validity of observational data --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- Reliability and Validity of Interview Data --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Strategies to secure validity and reliability of interview data --- p.48 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Data Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1 --- Analysis of Observational Data --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Treatment of written description of nursing behaviours --- p.50 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Interaction and non-interaction cells --- p.51 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Calculation of interaction rate --- p.51 / Chapter 5.2 --- Qualitative Data Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Immersion in the data --- p.52 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Category building --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Results of Observation Data --- p.54 / Chapter 6.1 --- Overall Findings --- p.54 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Nursing behaviours towards 'Appropriate 226}0ة resident behavior --- p.56 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Nursing behaviours Towards 226}0بInappropriate Failure' resident behaviour --- p.57 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Nursing behaviours Towards 226}0بInappropriate Crazy 226}0ب resident behaviour --- p.58 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- "Nursing behaviours towards 226}0بRequest, resident behaviour" --- p.59 / Chapter 6.1.5 --- Nursing behaviours towards 226}0بNeutral 226}0ة resident behaviour --- p.60 / Chapter 6.1.6 --- Resident behavioural profile in the ward and the Training Center --- p.61 / Chapter 6.2 --- Nurse-Resident Interactions in Ward --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Communication with residents --- p.62 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Doing nursing care --- p.64 / Chapter 6.3 --- Not Interacting With Residents --- p.65 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Ward activities --- p.66 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Self-engaged activities --- p.67 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Nursing activities --- p.68 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary of Observational Results --- p.70 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Results of Interview Data --- p.71 / Chapter 7.1 --- Orientation to A New Clinical Setting --- p.72 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Meeting with residents 226}0ب disabilities --- p.72 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Perceptions of residents lives --- p.73 / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Sense of a difference --- p.74 / Chapter 7.2 --- Stressors in Care Setting --- p.75 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Powerless in caring --- p.75 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Sense of frustration --- p.77 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Relative-related stress --- p.78 / Chapter 7.3 --- Experiencing Contextual Constraints --- p.79 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- System constraints --- p.80 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Managerial constraint --- p.81 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Time constraint --- p.82 / Chapter 7.4 --- Personal Resolution --- p.83 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Work attitude --- p.83 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Self-determination --- p.84 / Chapter 7.5 --- Priority of Care --- p.85 / Chapter 7.5.1 --- Interpretation of care --- p.86 / Chapter 7.5.2 --- Dissimilar approach --- p.87 / Chapter 7.5.3 --- Preference to residents --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Discussion --- p.89 / Chapter 8.1 --- Comparison of present results and previous findings --- p.89 / Chapter 8.2 --- Convergence --- p.91 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Extrinsic Factors --- p.92 / Chapter 8.2.1.1 --- Contextual constraints --- p.92 / Chapter 8.2.1.2 --- Care Problems --- p.94 / Chapter 8.2.1.2.1 --- Feeding Problems --- p.94 / Chapter 8.2.1.2.2 --- Communication Problem --- p.95 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Intrinsic Factors --- p.96 / Chapter 8.2.2.1 --- Frustration and powerlessness --- p.97 / Chapter 8.2.2.2 --- Stress coping --- p.99 / Chapter 8.2.2.3 --- Individual work style --- p.101 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- A summary of intrinsic and extrinsic factors --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter 9: --- Recommendations and Conclusion --- p.105 / Chapter 9.1 --- Training Issues --- p.105 / Chapter 9.2 --- Implications for Organisational Change --- p.106 / Chapter 9.3 --- Conclusion --- p.107 / Chapter 9.4 --- Need For Further Research --- p.108 / Chapter 9.5 --- Limitation of the Study --- p.109 / References / Appendices / Appendix A. Geographic map of ward setting / Appendix B. A section of modified behaviour checklist / Appendix C. Interview guides / Appendix D. Observation time-table / Appendix E. Ethical approval / Appendix F. Consent form / Appendix G. Nursing behaviour codes / Appendix H. A section of interview transcript / Appendix I. Sample of interview notes / Appendix J. Sample of matrix method

This study examined client-reported changes in the therapeutic relationship across 29 sessions, spanning ten cases of short-term, Process-Experiential psychotherapy. Cases and sessions were empirically identified, based on clients' end-of-session ratings on the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI). This empirical selection strategy was intentionally broad and atheoretical, to encompass a variety of change scenarios. Therapist and client behaviors and interactions during selected sessions were explored using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) and the Hill Counselor and Client Verbal Response Modes (VRM) Systems. Both frequency and sequential analysis of category codes were conducted, followed by a session-by-session review of the ten cases. Observed therapist and client behaviors clearly reflected the Process-Experiential therapy model as well as therapist efforts to establish and maintain empathic attunement. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of SASB or VRM codes between strongest and weakest alliance sessions or between rupture and post-rupture sessions. This raises questions about the ability of these measures to differentiate between subtle in-session processes. The case reviews underscored the clients' independent and often-overlooked contributions to the formation and repair of the therapeutic relationship.

Background: The amount of elderly patients who’s suffering from dementhia increases every year. Many of these patients develop and decrease in their cognitive ability. The development can lead to people's communication skills deteriorate. It can be a problem for the nurse to communicate with these patients. It´s there fore of great importance for the nurse to learn communiations skills that can increase the communication with elderly patiants suffering from dementia. Aim: The aim of this study is to illuminate the significance of communication in nursing care of elderly patients with dementia. Which communication strategies can the nurse use and what are the consequences for nursing care? Method: To study the selected study area a litterature review was selected. This review was based on five qualitative articles, five quantitative articles and one qualitative-quantitative article. The authors looked for differences and similarites in results of the articles. Results: The results showed that the communication was of great significance in the nursing care between nursing staff and older patients with dementia. It showed that specific communication strategies increaseed many of the patients security, participation and facilitated cooperation between nursing staff and the patients with dementia. Three main themes emerged from the articles: the spoken language, music and pictures. Conclusion: By using specific communication strategies nurses could help patients to express themselves and participate in nursing care and conversations.

Disputats, Universitetet i Oslo, 2005. / Sammendrag på engelsk. Delvis opptrykk av artikler.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet, 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. Linköping : Univ.

Diss. Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2004.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.