Thesis (MSc (Psychology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Treatment adherence is a great problem in low socio-economic communities of South Africa. The failure to adhere to medication instructions has a negative impact on the patient’s health, social interaction, and on the economy of a nation. The primary aim of this study was to test the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The second aim was to test whether the inclusion of social support of family and friends, as well as psychological factors, improves the Theory of Planned Behaviour’s ability to predict intensions to adhere to treatment instructions. The third aim was to test the relationship between the involved variables and self-reported behaviour, as well as biological indicator that report treatment adherence. There were 79 hypertension patients, 24 diabetic patients, and 14 patients with both hypertension and diabetics, which completed a battery of questionnaires in primary care clinics in and around Stellenbosch.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-30T12:54:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andréa Chiarella.pdf: 1007685 bytes, checksum: 4d0982ec3090d33009e0f68b976de79f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T12:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andréa Chiarella.pdf: 1007685 bytes, checksum: 4d0982ec3090d33009e0f68b976de79f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo - PUCSP / Somatic manifestations and the processes involved are increasingly present in the psychoanalytic clinic. In this way, the body becomes a place of flow for emotions and affections that could not be elaborated psychically. Always in search of a better understanding of what happens with cancer patients, especially those affected by leukemia, I propose in this work a reflection about the possible relation between initial environment, early trauma and the outbreak of cancer in adult life. Through the study of the clinical case of a patient affected by acute leukemia, I seek to gather clinical experience, research and theory, according to the model postulated by Freud, to think of more comprehensive models of clinical management in the treatment of these cases / As manifestações somáticas e os processos nela envolvidos estão cada vez mais presentes na clínica psicanalítica. Desta maneira, o corpo se torna um lugar de vazão para emoções e afetos que não puderam ser elaborados psiquicamente. Sempre em busca de uma maior compreensão do que ocorre com os indivíduos com câncer, especialmente aqueles acometidos pela leucemia, proponho neste trabalho uma reflexão acerca da possível relação entre ambiente inicial, traumas precoces e a eclosão da doença na vida adulta. Através do estudo do caso clínico de um paciente acometido por leucemia do tipo aguda, busco reunir experiência clínica, pesquisa e teoria, conforme postulado por Freud, para pensar em modelos mais abrangentes de conduta clínica nos tratamentos destes casos

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

This study was an investigation into the clinical judgments made by counseling psychologists when faced with a patient who had major depression and AIDS. Two hundred and eighty one counseling psychologists evaluated one of four vignettes depicting an individual with major depression. In three of the vignettes the individual also had AIDS but the vignette varied on how the virus was contracted (unprotected gay sex, IV drug abuse, hemophilia). In the fourth vignette (the control group) the individual did not have AIDS. Results of the study suggested, that the presence of AIDS overshadows the evaluation and treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when their patient has major depression and AIDS. Three factors-counseling psychologists' general experience with people who have AIDS, their clinical experience with AIDS patients and how the AIDS virus was contracted-were investigated for possible moderating effects of the overshadowing bias. How the AIDS virus was contracted was used as an indirect measure of clinician attitude toward people with AIDS. Neither general or clinical experience with AIDS patients appeared to have an effect on the diagnostic or treatment decisions made by counseling psychologists when evaluating depressed patients with AIDS. As with experience, method of contracting the AIDS virus did not have a moderating effect on the overshadowing bias. Implications of these results for the evaluation and treatment of depression in AIDS patients, as well as future research are discussed. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise, tendo em vista a atenção psicológica voltada para esses pacientes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho interventivo, que teve como instrumento de investigação o plantão psicológico individual, o plantão psicológico coletivo e o diário de bordo da pesquisadora. A análise compreensiva foi realizada a partir das narrativas advindas do instrumento e desvelou duas constelações: o navegar e o naufragar. Navegar diz respeito ao movimento humano de seguir, no tempo entre nascimento e morte, conhecendo a imprevisibilidade e a irreversibilidade do rio/vida. Naufragar diz respeito ao movimento humano em direção o fim da navegação. Após a análise foi feito um diálogo entre as constelações encontradas e as reflexões de Hannah Arendt. Neste estudo foi revelado que o motivo pelo qual se luta pela vida biológica é a vida existencial. Portanto, apenas manter-se vivo não é o suficiente para as pessoas que necessitam da hemodiálise. Neste contexto, é sobre a vida existencial atravessada pela terapia renal substitutiva que o psicólogo escuta. / The main goal of this study was to understand the experience of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis in view of the psychological attention given to these patients. It is a qualitative research, with an interventional nature, that had as an instrument of investigation the individual and group psychological duty and the logbook of the researcher. The understanding analysis was carried out from the narratives coming from the instrument and revealed two constellations: The sailing and the shipwreck. The sailing refers to the human movement to keep in the time between birth and death, knowing the unpredictability and irreversibility of the river / life. The shipwreck refers to the human movement toward the end of navigation. After the analysis there was a dialogue between the constellations found and the thoughts of Hannah Arendt. In this study it was revealed that the reason why one fights for biological life is the existential life. So just staying alive is not enough for people who need hemodialysis. In this context, it is about the existential life crossed by the substitutive renal therapy that the psychologist listens to.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:09:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viviane_rodrigues_figueredo_azevedo.pdf: 1915872 bytes, checksum: 358f10b870116b32bb5e25687b3067a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-13 / The main goal of this study was to understand the experience of chronic renal patients on hemodialysis in view of the psychological attention given to these patients. It is a qualitative research, with an interventional nature, that had as an instrument of investigation the individual and group psychological duty and the logbook of the researcher. The understanding analysis was carried out from the narratives coming from the instrument and revealed two constellations: The sailing and the shipwreck. The sailing refers to the human movement to keep in the time between birth and death, knowing the unpredictability and irreversibility of the river / life. The shipwreck refers to the human movement toward the end of navigation. After the analysis there was a dialogue between the constellations found and the thoughts of Hannah Arendt. In this study it was revealed that the reason why one fights for biological life is the existential life. So just staying alive is not enough for people who need hemodialysis. In this context, it is about the existential life crossed by the substitutive renal therapy that the psychologist listens to. / O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise, tendo em vista a atenção psicológica voltada para esses pacientes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho interventivo, que teve como instrumento de investigação o plantão psicológico individual, o plantão psicológico coletivo e o diário de bordo da pesquisadora. A análise compreensiva foi realizada a partir das narrativas advindas do instrumento e desvelou duas constelações: o navegar e o naufragar. Navegar diz respeito ao movimento humano de seguir, no tempo entre nascimento e morte, conhecendo a imprevisibilidade e a irreversibilidade do rio/vida. Naufragar diz respeito ao movimento humano em direção o fim da navegação. Após a análise foi feito um diálogo entre as constelações encontradas e as reflexões de Hannah Arendt. Neste estudo foi revelado que o motivo pelo qual se luta pela vida biológica é a vida existencial. Portanto, apenas manter-se vivo não é o suficiente para as pessoas que necessitam da hemodiálise. Neste contexto, é sobre a vida existencial atravessada pela terapia renal substitutiva que o psicólogo escuta.

This research examines the relationship between health literacy among End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients and its relevance for communication between patients and providers. The study was conducted among dialysis services providers at the Good Samaritan Dialysis Center and dialysis patients receiving care at the Center. Data collection techniques included individual interviews, surveys, and the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA), which measured the health literacy level of the participants. The results of the study show that a large majority of the patients have "adequate" health literacy, which contradicts the provider's perceptions of the patient's ability to comprehend health information. Provider's perspectives are shaped by their training and work environment. The study suggests that structural barriers and communication issues impede effective patient-provider interactions. This issue is especially serious for those chronic disease patients who have limited self-management skills. / Graduation date: 2012

Eating disorders remain a phenomenon that escapes full comprehension, resulting in frustration for those who suffer from the disorders, their families, and their therapists. It is becoming increasingly necessary to describe the mechanism by which eating disorders develop, in order to effectively treat and prevent these disorders. The aim of this study was to illuminate factors that contributed to the development of eating disorders within the individual contexts of the lives of the participants, as well as how those factors interacted in context to culminate in the development of an eating disorder. This qualitative study was conducted from an interpretive perspective. The findings show how individual contextual factors interact to produce a marked fear of gaining weight, which is driven by fear of negative evaluation, and that the eating disorder behaviour serves specific functions that are related to coping with stress within the lives of the participants. / Psychology / M. Sc. (Psychology with specialisation in Research Consultation)

Conclusions The results showed that depression is prevalent among Chinese PLWH and perceived discrimination is a source of stress. Perceived stress, social support and coping strategies had independent effects on mental health outcomes but there were no interaction effects. The Brief COPE was validated and had a structure different from the original, again supporting the importance of cultural variations. Our results hence provided useful instrumentations (PSSHIV and Brief COPE) as well as a good foundation for the development of theories and interventions specific to the needs of the PLWH in China. / Introduction Mental health issues are prevalent among People Living with HIV (PLWH). Instrumentation, conceptualization and theoretical models of stress-coping-mental health relationships among PLWH are important but theoretical and practical differences exist in the context of different cultures and quality of care services. / Objectives The aims of the study were 1) to develop a new Perceived Stress Scale for People Living with HIV (PSSHIV); 2) to validate the Brief COPE inventory among Chinese PLWH; 3) to investigate determinants of perceived stress and psychological well-being. / Results The newly developed PSSHIV and the rearranged version of the Brief COPE were validated and found to have acceptable psychometric properties. Of all participants, 63.3% showed moderate/severe depressive symptoms. 'Problem-solving and Acceptance' and 'Self-blame and Denial' were commonly used coping strategies. Socioeconomic status (SES), perceived discrimination, and optimism were significantly associated with overall stress and some of the subscales of PSSHIV. Perceived stress appeared to mediate the relationship between perceived discrimination and psychological well-being. In addition to perceived stress, social support and some particular coping strategies were associated with depression. Similar though not identical results were found using quality of life as the outcome. / Subject and Methods To achieve Aim 1, PLWH in two Chinese cities were interviewed for item generation and validation. Aims 2 to 4 were achieved through another survey conducted in the same cities. Participants were recruited from the registry of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and from users of hospital services and Methadone Maintenance Treatment clinics. Standard statistical methods were used for validation studies. / Su, Xiaoyou. / Adviser: Tak Fai Joseph Lau. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-206). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.