В магистерской работе исследуется мотив искушения в творчестве позднего Толстого (на повестях "Крейцерова соната", "Дьявол", "Отец Сергий"). Этот мотив в позднем творчестве писателя становится частью сюжета. Толстой заставляет героев или подчинить��я искушению, ил�� бороться с ним. Анализ произведений раскрывает влияние эгоизма на душу человека. Внутренний мир героев показывается посредством диалога с собой и посредством модели поведения. Исследуемые герои ��з критической ситуации выходят, совершая преступление. Только пережив катастрофу, они могут осмыслить бывшую неправильную свою жизнь и сделать выводы. Катастрофа является точкой отсчёта для новой, духовной жизни. / Magistro darbe tyrinėjamas pagundos motyvas Tolstojaus vėlyvojo laikotarpio kūryboje (apysakos "Kreicerio sonata", "Velnias", "Tėvas Sergijus"). Šis motyvas vėlyvuoju rašytojo kūrybos laikotarpiu tampa siužeto dalimi. Tolstojus priverčia veikėjus pasiduoti pagundai arba kovoti su ja. Kūrinių analizė atskleidžia egoizmo poveikį žmogaus dvasiai. Veikėjų vidinis pasaulis parodomas per dialogą su savimi ir per veikimo modelį. Tyrinėjami veikėjai iš kritinės situacijos išeina padarydami nusikaltimą. Tik išgyvenę katastrofą jie sugeba permąstyti buvusį neteisingą savo gyvenimą ir padaryti išvadas. Katastrofa yra naujo, dvasinio gyvenimo atskaitos taškas. / The paper to obtain the Master's Degree deals with the motive of temptation in L.Tolstoy's creative works of the late period (short novels "Kreutzer Sonata", "Devil", "Father Sergius"). The motive in the works of the late period becomes a part of the plot. Tolstoy compels his characters either to surrender to the temptation or to fight it. Analysis of the creative works reveals the effect of egoism on the human spirit. The inner world of the characters is depicted through their dialog with themselves and the pattern of activity. The characters analysed and critical situations are revealed through the wrongdoing committed. Only by experiencing a crash the characters are able to reflect their inappropriate life and to draw conclusions. The crash becomes a kick-off point to start a new, spiritual life.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarinaPR.pdf: 319152 bytes, checksum: d966ebd92611cecb9603ae010fba2510 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The juvenile period represents the developmental phase between weaning and sexual maturity. Weaning occurs when the youngster does not receive direct care from the caretakers anymore. Individuals in the species Callithrix jacchus live in groups composed by the reproductive pair and successive twin sets. Cooperative care is the rule. Infants are weaned early, and from then on, food is provided by the adults in the group. These animals present high levels of social interactions, through play, grooming and social contact. During infant age, the twin becomes the main partner. There are few studies about the juvenile period, especially on Callithrix gender. The objective of this study was describing the pattern of activities and social interactions of four sets (one single and three twin sets) during juvenile phase in two Callithrix jacchus groups. We used instantaneous and continuous focal sampling for juveniles and scan sampling for adults behavioral recordings. Juveniles presented the same behavioral pattern as the adults relating the activity budget, in particular, foraging along the months. The composition of the diet was the same as that of the adults. Food transfer ended along the juvenile period. Social play as much as grooming were important socializing activities for the juveniles. The young individuals in the group were the main partners in social play, specially the twin. Adults were the main partners in grooming interactions. Scent marking differed between twins in the male/female sets, the female presenting the highest levels of marking. The juveniles were independent from adults in foraging activity. Social interaction varied according to group composition, but in general, interacted more with the twin and with the youngsters (infants and subadults), except in grooming. Even presenting many similarities, juveniles showed some differences between genders, which indicates the differentiation in behavior towards reproductive strategies early in the juvenile period / O per?odo juvenil representa a etapa de desenvolvimento entre o desmame e a maturidade sexual. O desmame ? caracterizado como o momento em que o animal jovem p?ra de receber cuidados diretos dos cuidadores. Na esp?cie Callithrix jacchus, os indiv?duos vivem em grupos familiares formados pelo par reprodutor e por sucessivas proles, que s?o, via de regra, gemelares. Os infantes deixam de ser amamentados precocemente nessa esp?cie. Em virtude disso, passam a ser provisionados pelos animais mais velhos, ou seja, mesmo n?o sendo amamentados, ainda recebem cuidados diretos. Apresentam intensa intera??o social, atrav?s de brincadeira, cata??o e contato social. Durante a inf?ncia o g?meo se torna o principal parceiro de intera??o. H? poucos estudos sobre o per?odo juvenil, em especial no g?nero Callithrix. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o padr?o de atividades e a intera??o social de quatro proles na fase juvenil em dois grupos. Foi utilizado o focal instant?neo e cont?nuo para os juvenis e a varredura para os animais adultos. Os juvenis apresentaram o mesmo padr?o dos animais adultos com rela??o ao or?amento de atividade e, em particular, ao forrageio ao longo dos meses. A composi??o da dieta foi dos mesmos itens dos adultos. A transfer?ncia de alimento cessou no decorrer do per?odo. Tanto a brincadeira social quanto a cata??o foram importantes atividades de socializa??o dos animais juvenis. Os animais jovens foram os parceiros predominantes na brincadeira, com destaque para o g?meo. Na cata??o prevaleceram os machos adultos. A marca??o de cheiro diferiu nas proles mistas, com maior freq??ncia nas f?meas. Os animais juvenis se mostraram independentes no forrageio. A intera??o social variou de acordo com a composi??o do grupo, por?m, de forma geral, interagiram mais com o g?meo e com demais indiv?duos jovens (infantes e subadultos) na brincadeira social e com machos adultos na cata??o. Apesar de apresentarem muitas semelhan?as, os juvenis j? mostram algumas diferen?as entre os sexos, em especial na freq??ncia da marca??o de cheiro, o que indica a diferencia??o com rela??o ?s estrat?gias reprodutivas entre os sexos j? no per?odo juvenil