Há algumas décadas a viga de Benkelman vem sendo utilizada como um meio de controlar a qualidade das camadas de pavimento recém executadas, ao aferir as deflexões máximas na superfície dos materiais. Apesar disto, não existe qualquer referência que auxilie na determinação das deflexões admissíveis, uma vez que nenhuma norma técnica trata sobre os valores aceitáveis para a liberação das camadas. Neste contexto, as responsáveis pela definição dos parâmetros de controle passam a ser as projetistas, que muitas vezes não possuem conhecimento suficiente sobre os materiais de pavimentação para cumprir esta tarefa. O resultado disto são valores de controle sem fundamentos e inconsistentes, que são incapazes de representar de forma fidedigna as condições de campo, gerando uma série de dificuldades em obra. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre o modo como as deflexões de controle são definidas pelas projetistas, analisando as considerações de projeto que podem levar a resultados incoerentes em campo e propondo diretrizes para o aperfeiçoamento desta prática. Para isto, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais fatores que podem afetar os valores de módulos de resiliência dos materiais e, consequentemente, as medidas de deflexões. Complementarmente, foram revisados valores de módulos de resiliências obtidos em laboratório e retroanalisados em pista. Em seguida, foi estudado o caso da obra de ampliação do Aeroporto Internacional Tom Jobim no Rio de Janeiro, em que resultados insatisfatórios de deflexões obtidas em campo levaram a uma revisão dos parâmetros de controle, revelando os principais equívocos cometidos pela projetista e os pontos críticos do processo de determinação dos valores de controle. Com base nisto, foi feita uma análise crítica das deflexões revisadas, mostrando como a variação de alguns critérios e parâmetros pode afetar os resultados e o que isto representa em termos práticos para o controle deflectométrico. Por fim, foi realizado um refinamento dos valores de deflexões de controle definidos pela projetista. / For decades, the Benkelman beam has been used to assure the quality of pavement construction by measuring the maximum deflections on top of the materials. Nevertheless, there are neither technical standards nor any references that determine a range of acceptable values for deflection. In this context, the definition of these parameters of control is the responsibility of the designers, who mostly do not have the expertise to complete the task. Consequently, the control values tend to be inconsistent and unable to represent in a reliable way the site conditions, creating a number of constraints/shortcomings. Hence, the objective of this dissertation is to undertake a critical analysis on the way the acceptable deflections are determined by the designers, evaluating the project assumptions that can lead to incoherent results on site and proposing guidelines for the improvement of this practice. For this, the main factors that can affect the elasticity of the materials and its deflections were reviewed, in addition to typical values of resilient modulus obtained in laboratory and from backanalysis. Next, the case of the Rio de Janeiro International Airport expansion project was studied. On that occasion, the deflections measured on site during the construction of the pavements were constantly greater than the control values indicated in the project. A revision of the parameters was undertaken by the designer to identify the reasons for the discrepancies and thus, unveiling the critical points of the process. Based on that, a critical analysis on the revised deflections was carried out, showing how the variation of some criteria and parameters can affect the results and what this represents in practical terms for the deflectometric control. Finally, a refinement of the acceptable deflections defined by the designer was proposed.

Há algumas décadas a viga de Benkelman vem sendo utilizada como um meio de controlar a qualidade das camadas de pavimento recém executadas, ao aferir as deflexões máximas na superfície dos materiais. Apesar disto, não existe qualquer referência que auxilie na determinação das deflexões admissíveis, uma vez que nenhuma norma técnica trata sobre os valores aceitáveis para a liberação das camadas. Neste contexto, as responsáveis pela definição dos parâmetros de controle passam a ser as projetistas, que muitas vezes não possuem conhecimento suficiente sobre os materiais de pavimentação para cumprir esta tarefa. O resultado disto são valores de controle sem fundamentos e inconsistentes, que são incapazes de representar de forma fidedigna as condições de campo, gerando uma série de dificuldades em obra. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma reflexão crítica sobre o modo como as deflexões de controle são definidas pelas projetistas, analisando as considerações de projeto que podem levar a resultados incoerentes em campo e propondo diretrizes para o aperfeiçoamento desta prática. Para isto, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais fatores que podem afetar os valores de módulos de resiliência dos materiais e, consequentemente, as medidas de deflexões. Complementarmente, foram revisados valores de módulos de resiliências obtidos em laboratório e retroanalisados em pista. Em seguida, foi estudado o caso da obra de ampliação do Aeroporto Internacional Tom Jobim no Rio de Janeiro, em que resultados insatisfatórios de deflexões obtidas em campo levaram a uma revisão dos parâmetros de controle, revelando os principais equívocos cometidos pela projetista e os pontos críticos do processo de determinação dos valores de controle. Com base nisto, foi feita uma análise crítica das deflexões revisadas, mostrando como a variação de alguns critérios e parâmetros pode afetar os resultados e o que isto representa em termos práticos para o controle deflectométrico. Por fim, foi realizado um refinamento dos valores de deflexões de controle definidos pela projetista. / For decades, the Benkelman beam has been used to assure the quality of pavement construction by measuring the maximum deflections on top of the materials. Nevertheless, there are neither technical standards nor any references that determine a range of acceptable values for deflection. In this context, the definition of these parameters of control is the responsibility of the designers, who mostly do not have the expertise to complete the task. Consequently, the control values tend to be inconsistent and unable to represent in a reliable way the site conditions, creating a number of constraints/shortcomings. Hence, the objective of this dissertation is to undertake a critical analysis on the way the acceptable deflections are determined by the designers, evaluating the project assumptions that can lead to incoherent results on site and proposing guidelines for the improvement of this practice. For this, the main factors that can affect the elasticity of the materials and its deflections were reviewed, in addition to typical values of resilient modulus obtained in laboratory and from backanalysis. Next, the case of the Rio de Janeiro International Airport expansion project was studied. On that occasion, the deflections measured on site during the construction of the pavements were constantly greater than the control values indicated in the project. A revision of the parameters was undertaken by the designer to identify the reasons for the discrepancies and thus, unveiling the critical points of the process. Based on that, a critical analysis on the revised deflections was carried out, showing how the variation of some criteria and parameters can affect the results and what this represents in practical terms for the deflectometric control. Finally, a refinement of the acceptable deflections defined by the designer was proposed.

A new simple design approach will be described that utilizes test results from the Repeated Load Triaxial Apparatus to establish the risk level of permanent deformations in the unbound granular layers (UGL) in pavement constructions under consideration of the seasonal effects. From this data a serviceability limit line (plastic shakedown limit) stress boundary for the unbound granular materials (UGM) was defined for different moisture contents. Below this line the material will have stable behavior. The serviceability limit line was applied in a finite-element (FE)-program FENLAP to predict whether or not stable behavior occurs in the UGM. To calculate the stress in the UGL, a nonlinear elastic model (Dresden Model), which is described in the paper, was implemented into the FE-program. The effects of changing moisture content during Spring-thaw period and asphalt temperature on pavement structural response were investigated. Additionally, permanent deformation calculations for the UGL were performed taking the stress history into consideration. The results clearly demonstrate that, for pavement constructions with thick asphalt layers, there is no risk of rutting in the granular base, even at high number of load repetitions. The study showed that the proposed design approach is a very satisfactory simple method to assess the risk against rutting in the UGL, even without the calculation of the exact permanent deformation of the pavement construction.

Pastaraisiais metais Lietuvoje ženkliai padidėjęs sunkiasvorio transporto eismas sąlygoja ankstyvą daugumos šalies kelių dangų suirtį, nes jau nepakanka esamo jos stiprio. Įvairios asfaltbetonio dangos pažaidos rodo, kad ardoma ne tik danga, bet ir jos konstrukcija – tai didina išlaidas kelių remontui bei priežiūrai, mažėja eismo saugumas bei komfortiškumas. Iki šiol Lietuvoje dar nėra metodikos, kurią taikant būtų galima pakankamai tiksliai įvertinti sunkiasvorio transporto poveikį kelių dangai. Šiame darbe ištirta sunkiasvorio transporto eismo ardomojo poveikio, įvertinant Lietuvos klimato sąlygas, įtaka kelių dangos asfaltbetonio sluoksnių stipriui ir funkcionavimo trukmei. Pateikta metodika sunkiasvorio transporto eismo ir apkrovų ardančio poveikio Lietuvos kelių dangai, priklausomai nuo eismo sezoniškumo, jos stiprio, asfaltbetonio sluoksnių likutinio stiprio bei kelių dangos įtempto-deformuoto būvio kitėjimo, įvertinti. Pasiūlytas kelių dangos asfaltbetonio sluoksnių likutinio stiprio ir funkcionavimo trukmės likutinio resurso modelis. Modelis įvertina apkrovos parametrus bei jos poveikio intensyvumą, automobilių srauto sudėtį, kelių dangos sluoksnių medžiagų bei jai stiprinti naudojamų medžiagų projektines savybes, kelių dangos sluoksnio medžiagos stiprio kitėjimą, atsižvelgiant į jos suirties mastą, kelių dangos darbą, esant įvairioms vietovės klimato sąlygoms, skirtingiems žemės sankasos gruntams ir vietovės hidroterminiams rėžimams, remonto darbų kainą bei ekonominį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The marked increase of heavy weight vehicle traffic in Lithuania in recent years is the reason for early deterioration of majority road pavements of the country due to inadequate strength of road pavements. Various kinds of damages in asphalt concrete pavements indicate that damage is made not only to a pavement but to its construction as well, which increases costs for road repair and maintenance and reduces road safety and comfort. There is no methodology in Lithuania that would allow to evaluate the impact of heavy weight vehicles on a road pavement with adequate preciseness. This study analyses the impact of damaging effect of heavy weight vehicle traffic on the strength and duration of service life of asphalt concrete layers in a road pavement taking account of climate conditions of Lithuania. A methodology to evaluate the damaging effect of heavy weight vehicle traffic and loads on road pavements in Lithuania depending on seasonal peculiarities of traffic, its strength, remaining strength resource of asphalt concrete layers and changes in stressed or deformed state of a road pavement is presented. A model of remaining strength of asphalt concrete layers in a road pavement and remaining resource of service life was proposed. The model evaluates load parameters and intensity of its impact, composition of vehicle flow, design characteristics of materials in layers of a road pavement and materials used when strengthening it, changes in the strength of layer material in a... [to full text]

A new simple design approach will be described that utilizes test results from the Repeated Load Triaxial Apparatus to establish the risk level of permanent deformations in the unbound granular layers (UGL) in pavement constructions under consideration of the seasonal effects. From this data a serviceability limit line (plastic shakedown limit) stress boundary for the unbound granular materials (UGM) was defined for different moisture contents. Below this line the material will have stable behavior. The serviceability limit line was applied in a finite-element (FE)-program FENLAP to predict whether or not stable behavior occurs in the UGM. To calculate the stress in the UGL, a nonlinear elastic model (Dresden Model), which is described in the paper, was implemented into the FE-program. The effects of changing moisture content during Spring-thaw period and asphalt temperature on pavement structural response were investigated. Additionally, permanent deformation calculations for the UGL were performed taking the stress history into consideration. The results clearly demonstrate that, for pavement constructions with thick asphalt layers, there is no risk of rutting in the granular base, even at high number of load repetitions. The study showed that the proposed design approach is a very satisfactory simple method to assess the risk against rutting in the UGL, even without the calculation of the exact permanent deformation of the pavement construction.

The effects of frost action introduce many challenges in the design and construction of roadways in cold regions throughout the United States. The penetration of frost into pavement structures can lead to differential frost heave during winter and thaw weakening during spring. Both of these damage mechanisms lead to premature pavement distress, structural deterioration, and poor ride quality. Because the availability of naturally occurring non-frost-susceptible pavement base materials is rapidly diminishing in many areas while project budgets remain largely inadequate, pavement engineers are utilizing alternative materials and techniques to minimize such damage. The purpose of this research was to investigate and document the state of the practice concerning the design and construction of pavements in cold regions. In particular, the various methods and standards employed for characterizing materials, improving soils and aggregates, and determining pavement layer thicknesses were explored. A comprehensive literature review was performed, and a questionnaire survey was conducted of various state DOTs throughout the United States that are involved with the design and maintenance of roadways. The study was directed primarily at identifying practices utilized by state DOTs in climates with freezing temperatures. The information obtained in this research represents a unique compilation of standards of practice that have been developed by DOTs based on years of experience and research in their respective jurisdictions. While this research allows engineers at state DOTs to compare their pavement design and construction practices with those of other states represented in the survey, consulting engineers and engineers in local governments involved in characterizing materials, improving soils and aggregates, and determining pavement layer thicknesses can also benefit from this work.

Prieš rengiant kelių investicinius projektus surenkami ir detaliai analizuojami esami kelių eksploatacinių rodiklių duomenys ir jų reglamentuotų norminių reikšmių atitiktis. Baigiamajame darbe išanalizuoti automobilių kelių asfaltbetonio dangos būklės, patikimumo bei šių rodiklių gavimo ir apdorojimo metodai. Pateikiamas automobilių kelių asfaltbetonio dangos reikiamų eksploatacinių rodiklių teorinis pagrindimas, reglamentuotos norminės reikšmės bei eksploatacinių rodiklių gerinimo svarba. Naudojantis tyrimų, atliktų Lietuvos svarbiausiuose magistraliniuose keliuose A1 Vilnius – Kaunas - Klaipėda ir A5 Kaunas – Marijampolė - Suvalkai, duomenimis, atlikta pagrindinių eksploatacinių rodiklių - dangos lygumo, rato su danga sukibimo koeficiento, dangos suirimo masto rodiklio, konstrukcijos deformacijos modulio bei provėžų gylio analizė ir šių rodiklių kitimas laiko atžvilgiu. Nustatyta dangos būklę apibūdinančių rodiklių sietis. Analizės pagrindu pateikti rekomenduojami leistinieji dangos lygumo rodikliai. Pateiktos išvados ir rekomendacijos. Baigiamojo darbo aprašomojo skyriaus apimtis – 89 psl., 17 lentelių, 90 paveikslų, 44 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / Before the preparation of highway investment projects, the available data of highway maintenance indices are collected and analysed and their conformity with the standard values is established. The thesis deals with the analysis of reliability of the condition of highway asphalt concrete pavement and the indices collection and procession methods. The thesis includes the theoretical grounding of the necessary maintenance indices of the highway asphalt concrete pavement, standard values and the importance of improvement of the maintenance indices. Using the data of the testing performed in the main Lithuanian highways A1 Vilnius – Kaunas - Klaipėda and A5 Kaunas – Marijampolė - Suvalkai, the analysis of the basic maintenance indices, i.e. pavement smoothness, wheel adherence coefficient, pavement breakup degree index, construction deformation module and furrow depth, and the change of such indices in the terms of time has been carried out. The link between the indices characterising the condition of the pavement has been determined. Basing on the analysis, the recommended permitted pavement smoothness indices are presented. The conclusions and recommendations of the thesis are introduced. Theses consist of: 89 p. text without appendixes, 90 pictures, 17 tables, 44 bibliographical entries.

Master's thesis will deal with the second phase of shifting I/9 Dubice - Dolni Libchava passing west of the Ceska Lipa with an approximate length of 3 km stretch. Estimated start-up of this section is in 2014. This project should build on in the future by-pass Ceska Lipa and Novy Bor, which is currently without funds for implementation by 2025. Traffic load after completion of the by-pass should be approximately 16500 vehicles / 24 hours in 2030. The section is designed in the category S 9.5 with optional solving two major intersections. This thesis will focus on reducing the cost of construction of the section.

Um die Verwendung der Bauweise „dünne Asphaltschicht auf Tragschicht ohne Bindemittel“ in Bereichen geringer Verkehrsbelastung in Deutschland zu forcieren, wird die Anwendbarkeit des derzeit gültigen Regelwerkes auf die genannte Bauweise überprüft und erarbeitete Hinweise zu notwendigen Anpassungen bzw. Erweiterungen bereitgestellt. Im Speziellen wird das Regelwerk RDO Asphalt unter Berücksichtigung der Anforderungen in dem Regelwerk RStO in Anwendung gebracht und weiterer Forschungsbedarf abgeleitet. Auf Grundlage von umfassenden Berechnungen zu Beanspruchungszuständen und durchgeführten Dimensionierungsberechnungen, die durch eine große Varianz der hierfür erforderlichen Eingangsdaten geprägt sind, werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes von flexiblen Straßenkonstruktionen mit nur dünnen Asphaltschichten (von ca. 4 cm) aufgezeigt. Das nichtlineare Materialverhalten der granularen Gesteinskorngemische wird dabei durch Anwendung eines nichtlinearen Stoffmodells, des Dresdner Modells, berücksichtigt. Das Dresdner Modell besteht aus zwei Ansatzfunktionen, die sowohl eine spannungsabhängige Formulierung des Elastizitätsmoduls als auch der Querdehnzahl bereitstellen. Um eine sinnvolle bzw. praktikable Anwendung des Dresdner Modells zu ermöglichen, werden zwei Varianten der Parameterbestimmung ausführlich anhand eines umfänglichen Beispiels vorgestellt und diskutiert. Auch werden der Einfluss der Korngeometrie (d. h. anisotropen Materialverhaltens) und des Verdichtungszustandes auf prüftechnisch bestimmtes Materialverhalten und die darauf aufbauende Parameterbestimmung untersucht und somit die Einsatzgrenzen des verwendeten Stoffmodells aufgezeigt. Anhand des Dresdner Modells wird erläutert, wie Stoffmodelle, die ursprünglich unter Voraussetzung homogener Spannungszustände entwickelt wurden, für inhomogene Spannungszustände angepasst werden können. Da Gesteinskorngemische nur über eine sehr begrenzte Fähigkeit verfügen, Zugspannungen aufnehmen zu können und das Dresdner Modell nur für Beanspruchungen im Druck- und nicht im Zugbereich definiert ist, werden zwei von der Autorin erarbeitete Möglichkeiten vorgestellt, um auftretende Zugbeanspruchungen zu reduzieren. Die verschiedenen Modellvarianten werden ausführlich beschrieben und anhand von dimensionierungsrelevanten Kenngrößen und weiteren ausgewählten Beanspruchungszuständen sowie berechneten Nutzungsdauern bzw. Ausfallzeitpunkten bewertet. Zudem wird erklärt, was jeweils bei der Einbindung in Finite Elemente Berechnungsprogramme zu berücksichtigen ist. Die korrekte Einbindung des Dresdner Modells wird anhand der Simulation von Ergebnissen aus Triaxialversuchen nachgewiesen. Aus den verschiedenen Modellvarianten wird eine zu bevorzugende Variante ausgewählt. Für diese Variante werden anschließend die Ergebnisse einer umfassenden Parameterstudie vorgestellt. Variiert werden sowohl Modellbedingungen, wie Geometrie- und Randbedingungen, als auch belastungsspezifische Annahmen und Materialeigenschaften. Das Dresdner Modell (d. h. ein nichtlineares Stoffmodell) wird hierbei erstmalig für eine rechnerische Dimensionierung nach den RDO Asphalt eingesetzt. Anhand umfänglicher Dimensionierungsberechnungen werden die Grenzen der derzeit geforderten Nachweise hinsichtlich deren Anwendbarkeit für Straßenbefestigungen mit dünnen Asphaltschichten auf Tragschichten ohne Bindemittel aufgezeigt und die Notwendigkeit der Berücksichtigung des i. d. R. nichtlinearen Verhaltens von Gesteinskorngemischen analysiert. Als Voraussetzung hierfür wird eine Möglichkeit vorgestellt, nichtlinear elastisches Materialverhalten durch lineares Materialverhalten zu repräsentieren. Die Berechnung von Beanspruchungszuständen erfolgt mit den eigens hierfür in Comsol erarbeiteten Finite Elemente Modellen. Anschließende Dimensionierungberechnungen wurden mittels von der Autorin bereitgestellten Excel-Makros realisiert. Ein Vergleich berechneter Beanspruchungszustände in verschiedenen Befestigungsvarianten mit im Triaxialversuch aufgebrachten Belastungen (zur Bereitstellung von Prüfdaten zur Bestimmung von Modellparametern) bietet Richtwerte zur Ableitung notwendiger Prüfbedingungen. / To demonstrate the capabilities of the construction method „thin asphalt layer on unbound granular base course“ in areas of low traffic load in Germany, the applicability of the current national regulations to the construction method mentioned is examined and information is provided on necessary adaptations and extensions. In particular, the « RDO asphalt » regulations are applied, taking into account the requirements of the RStO regulations, and the need for further research is derived. Based on comprehensive calculations on stress and strain conditions and design life calculations, which are characterised by a large variance in the input data required for this, the possibilities and limits of the use of flexible road constructions with only thin asphalt layers (of approx. 4 cm) are shown. The non-linear material behaviour of the granular aggregate mixtures is taken into account by applying a non-linear material model, the Dresden model. The Dresden model consists of two initial functions, which provide both a stressdependent formulation of the elastic modulus and the Poisson’s ratio. In order to enable a reasonable and practicable application of the Dresden model, two variants of parameter determination are presented and discussed in detail on the basis of a comprehensive example. The influence of the grain geometry (i.e. anisotropic material behaviour) and the state of compaction on the material behaviour - determined by testing - and the parameter determination based on it are also examined. Based on this the limits of the applied material model are presented. Using the Dresden model, it is explained how material models, which were originally developed under the assumption of homogeneous stress conditions, can be adapted for inhomogeneous stress conditions. Since aggregate mixtures have only a very limited ability to absorb tensile stresses, and the Dresden model is only defined for stresses in compression and not in tension, two possibilities, developed by the author, are presented to reduce occurring tensile stresses. The different model variants are described in detail and evaluated on the basis of dimensioning-relevant parameters and other selected stress conditions as well as calculated service lives or failure times. In addition, it is explained what has to be taken into account when integrating the model variants into finite element calculation programs. The correct integration of the Dresden model is demonstrated and verified by simulating results from triaxial tests. From the different model variants a preferred variant is selected. The results of a comprehensive parameter study are then presented for this variant. Model conditions, such as geometry and boundary conditions, as well as load-specific assumptions and material properties are varied. The Dresden model (i.e. a nonlinear material model) is used for the first time for a computational design of flexible pavements following the RDO Asphalt standards. On the basis of extensive design life calculations, the limits of the currently required verifications are shown with regard to their applicability for road pavements with thin asphalt layers on unbound granular base courses and the necessity of taking into account the generally non-linear behaviour of aggregate mixtures is analysed. As a prerequisite for this, an approach is presented to represent non-linear elastic material behaviour by linear material behaviour. The calculation of stress conditions is carried out with the finite element models specially developed for this purpose in Comsol. Subsequent design life calculations were realised using Excel macros created by the author. A comparison of calculated stress conditions in different pavement variants, with measured stresses obtained from triaxial tests provides orientation values for deriving necessary test conditions for future investigations. / Afin de pousser l’utilisation de la méthode de construction „couche d’asphalte mince sur la couche de base sans liant“ dans les zones à faible trafic en Allemagne, l’applicabilité de l’ensemble des règlements actuellement en vigueur à la méthode de construction mentionnée est examinée et des informations sur les adaptations ou extensions nécessaires sont fournies. En particulier, le règlement « RDO Asphalt » est appliqué, en tenant compte des exigences de règlement RStO, et le besoin de recherches supplémentaires en est déduit. Les possibilités et les limites de l’utilisation de constructions routières flexibles avec des couches d’asphalte minces (d’environ 4 cm) sont présentées sur la base de calculs complets des états de contrainte, de déformation et de calculs de dimensionnement (qui sont caractérisés par une grande variance des données d’entrée nécessaires). Le comportement non linéaire des mélanges de granulats est pris en compte en appliquant un modèle de matériau non linéaire : le modèle de Dresde. Le modèle de Dresde se compose de deux fonctions initiales, qui fournissent à la fois une formulation du module d’élasticité et de coefficient de Poisson en fonction de la contrainte. Afin de permettre une application judicieuse et pratique du modèle de Dresde, deux variantes de détermination des paramètres sont présentées et discutées en détail sur la base d’un exemple complet. L’influence de la géométrie des grains (c’est-à-dire le comportement anisotrope du matériau) et de l’état de compactage sur le comportement du matériau déterminé par les essais et la détermination des paramètres qui en découle est également examinée, ce qui permet de montrer les limites d’application du modèle de matériau utilisé. À l’aide du modèle de Dresde, on explique comment les modèles de matériaux, qui ont été développés à l’origine dans l’hypothèse de conditions de contraintes homogènes, peuvent être adaptés à des conditions de contraintes inhomogènes. Comme les mélanges de granulats n’ont qu’une capacité très limitée à absorber les contraintes de traction et que le modèle de Dresde n’est défini que pour les contraintes en compression et non en traction, deux possibilités développées par l’auteur sont présentées pour réduire les contraintes de traction qui se produisent. Les différentes variantes du modèle sont décrites en détail et évaluées sur la base des paramètres de dimensionnement et d’autres conditions de contrainte sélectionnées, ainsi que des durées de vie et des temps de défaillance calculés. En outre, il est expliqué ce qui doit être pris en compte lors de l’intégration du modèle dans les programmes de calcul par éléments finis. L’intégration correcte du modèle de Dresde est vérifiée en simulant les résultats d’essais triaxiaux. Parmi les différentes variantes du modèle, une variante préférée est sélectionnée. Les résultats d’une étude exhaustive des paramètres sont ensuite présentés pour cette variante. Les conditions du modèle, telles que la géométrie et les conditions aux limites, ainsi que les hypothèses spécifiques à la charge et les propriétés des matériaux, sont variées. Le modèle de Dresde (c’est-à-dire un modèle de matériau non linéaire) est utilisé pour la première fois pour des calculs de dimensionnement selon le règlement « RDO Asphalt ». Sur la base de calculs de dimensionnement approfondis, les limites des vérifications actuellement requises sont montrées en ce qui concerne leur applicabilité pour les construction routières avec des couches minces d’asphalte sur des couches de base sans liant et la nécessité de prendre en compte le comportement généralement non linéaire des mélanges de granulats est analysée. Comme condition préalable à cela, une possibilité est présentée de représenter le comportement élastique non linéaire des matériaux par un comportement linéaire des matériaux. Le calcul des conditions de contrainte est effectué avec les modèles d’éléments finis spécialement développés à cet effet dans Comsol. Les calculs de dimensionnement ultérieurs ont été réalisés à l’aide de macros Excel fournies par l’auteur. Une comparaison des conditions de contrainte calculées dans différentes variantes de fixation avec les charges appliquées dans l’essai triaxial (pour fournir des données d’essai permettant de déterminer les paramètres du modèle) fournit des valeurs guides pour dériver les conditions d’essai nécessaires.

This diploma thesis deals with the proposal of an alternative solution to the intersection of Mohelnice North crossroads. It compares the current junction design, which is considered inappropriate, with two new proposals for circular intersections. The aim of the thesis is to propose the resultant junction cheaper, smaller and simpler for users.