Traditional asphalt, in general, meet the expectations of functionality for which they were produced in most road applications, reaching necessary for the proper performance of asphalt mixtures under traffic patterns durability and resistance and adverse weather conditions with sudden changes in temperature and heavy rainfall. The high power consumption for the machining of such mixtures cause the emission of gaseous pollutants, which add to the discomfort to workers due to the high heat and excessive smoke emanating from the asphalt mix in their application and compaction on the highways. From the foregoing, it is increasingly necessary to use additives or modifiers of the physical and rheological properties of asphalts, if aiming at promoting a reduction in machining temperature and compaction of asphalt mixtures, without, however, losing their intrinsic characteristics necessary occur. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rheological behavior of asphalt binder CAP 50/70 and its behavior in asphalt mixtures with and without the additive CCBit- 113AD. For this rheological tests were performed using a Brookfield rotational viscometer and dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) with the ligand with and without the additive, asphalt mixtures were measured using three different concentrations of the additive: 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 %, and evaluated the mechanical behavior of the blends by means of tests of tensile strength and resilient modulus. From the results, it was found that the asphalt mixture type CAUQ measured using the modified CAP with CCBit-113AD under lower temperatures compatible with conventional presented with the results of pure mixtures, leading to the conclusion that the warm mixtures can be used undergoing less traffic which traditionally are used asphalt hot mix. / Os asfaltos tradicionais, em geral, atendem às expectativas de funcionalidade para as quais foram produzidos na maioria das aplicações rodoviárias, atingindo os padrões de durabilidade e resistência necessários para o desempenho adequado das misturas asfálticas sob o tráfego e as condições climáticas adversas com mudanças bruscas de temperatura e fortes chuvas. O consumo elevado de energia para a usinagem de tais misturas ocasionam a emissão de gases poluentes, que se somam aodesconforto aos trabalhadores, devido ao elevado calor e excessiva fumaça emanada da massa asfáltica quando da sua aplicação e compactação nas rodovias. Pelo exposto, é cada vez mais necessário o uso de aditivos ou modificadores das propriedades físicas e reológicas dos asfaltos, visando-se promover a diminuição nas temperaturas de usinagem e compactação das misturas asfálticas, sem, contudo, ocorrer aperda de suas características intrínsecas necessárias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento reológico do ligante asfáltico CAP 50/70 e o seu comportamento em misturas asfálticas sem e com o aditivo CCBit-113AD. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios reológicos usandose o viscosímetro rotacional Brookfield e o reômetro de cisalhamento dinâmico (DSR) com o ligante sem e com o aditivo, foram dosadas misturas asfálticas com três diferentes concentrações do aditivo: 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5%, e avaliado o comportamento mecânico das misturas por meio dos ensaios de resistência à tração e módulo de resiliência. Dos resultados, constatou-se que a mistura asfáltica tipo CAUQ dosada com o uso do CAP modificado com o CCBit-113AD sob temperatura inferior às convencionais apresentou resultados compatíveiscom os das misturas puras, levando-se a concluir que as misturas mornas podem ser utilizadas em vias de tráfego menos intenso onde tradicionalmente se utilizam misturas asfálticas a quente.

The rapid growth of population and climate change has subjected our civil infrastructures to high load demands and fast aging or degradation over time. Temperature plays a key role in the performance of the aging infrastructure in form of thermal stress and cracking, temperature-induced material aging and degradation, temperature-dependent deformation, and softening. Thus, the importance of predicting the consequent behavior of the infrastructures under environmental conditions becomes imperative. This research characterizes three infrastructure surface materials, namely asphalt pavement, solar panels, and phase change materials (PCM), models the efficacy of modifiers and novel methods to improve their performance and uses these materials in the design and testing of thermal management systems for different applications. The connection between these materials is the thermal management in pavement overlays, which can be extended to other infrastructure surfaces. Asphalt pavement modified with recycled crumb rubber (CR) is a sustainable way to reuse the millions of tires that used to end in landfills. However, the ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun have been shown to adversely affect the asphalt’s performance in the long run. The severe photo-oxidation can cause changes in the volatile components of the asphalt and result in hardening, aging, and thermal cracks in it. The effect of UV rays on the rubber-modified asphalt may be even more complex due to the presence of crumb rubber particles and their chemical/physical incompatibility and changes in the glass transition. In order to examine these effects, a PG 64-22 is modified with two percentages of 16.6 wt.% and 20.0 wt.% crumb rubber. Results show the specific heat capacities increase with UV aging with 16.6% having the highest value. The addition of the rubber particles does not change the chemical composition of the binder as confirmed by the elemental analysis. However, after UV exposure, peaks associated with carbonyl and sulfoxide are observed, proving that the rubber-modified binder is subject to photo-oxidation as well. The 16.6. wt.% shows the best performance against aging with the lowest sulfoxide index and the highest aliphatic index. Another advantage of adding crumb rubber particles is the formation of a matrix due to the crosslinking of the rubber particles with the binder after being heated, as approved by microscopic images. The carbon nanotubes (CNT) are used to modify the asphalt binder to improve its rheological characteristics while also enhancing the thermal conductivity of the mixture to facilitate the transfer of heat to the surface. In this study, two samples of 3% and 6% multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are prepared using a foaming technology. Foaming the asphalt via water lowers its viscosity and temperature resulting in the saving of the base material and consumed energy while increasing the coating of the aggregates. The results show the CNTs can improve the thermal conductivity of the foamed binder by almost 2X while not negatively affect its rheology. For the other end of the thermal management system, a new hydronic system is introduced for the building integrated photovoltaics and thermal (BIPVT) silicon module that acts for the dual objectives of collecting heat to be used for the thermal management of the pavement and controlling the surface temperature of the solar module itself for the optimal efficiency under different operating conditions. The BIPVT panel with different flow rates of 100 to 600 ml/min were tested for the effectiveness of the cooling design. The results from experiments and simulations show that at 200 ml/min, an optimal balance for the performance of the panel is achieved to not only reduce the temperature of the panel from 88°C to 65°C, but also generate a partially heated water outlet of 37°C (compared with the 23°C inlet) that can be used for the hot water system of the building, or as the inlet feed to the hydronic cooling/heating pavement system. In addition, the BIPVT design proves to restore the power of the solar module by 24.6% at a 200 ml/min flow rate, as confirmed from the I-V curves. Finally, the feasibility study of converting the waste animal fat to a phase change material (PCM) is explored. In PCMs, the high latent heat characteristics are used to store or release energy during the phase change. The use of PCMs can significantly lower the temperature variation of buildings and the consequent energy use. While most common PCMs are paraffin-based and too expensive for large scale applications, a bio-based and more economic alternative could be the key to its vast use in infrastructure systems. However, more research is needed to achieve an animal fat PCM with high latent heat values. In this study, characterizing the raw fat shows a ~20% saturated content. After hydrolysis, the saturated portion has been increased to 65%, but the improvement in the latent is not significant. However, after separation of the fatty acids by use of crystallization, the resulting fully saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) show a 3.5X increase in the value of the latent heat, increasing it from ~55 J/g for free fatty acids to ~195 J/g for saturated fatty acids. The promising results of the high latent heat values make the current bio-based PCM a good alternative that needs to be further explored in the future to be used for applications in buildings and BIPVT panels. Overall, the results of this PhD study provide a comprehensive understanding of materials and systems for thermal management of asphalt pavements and enable the design and development of durable self-heated pavements, which can be immediately extended to other infrastructure applications such as wall panels, net-zero buildings, and solar panels.

M. Tech. Civil Engineering. / Evaluates various laboratory test methods to assess rutting potential in the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) and the effects of compaction methods. To achieve this objective, rutting potential of HMA samples prepared and compacted in the laboratory, and in the field was evaluated using different laboratory test methods under a range of temperatures and loads.

The main goal of this study consists of the development of new asphalt mixes, based on industrial waste materials as replacement of natural aggregates. To achieve this purpose, a new characterisation of these pavements was proposed so to verify that the new mix has good mechanical performance without any detrimental impact to the environment.<p>This characterisation was divided in three distinct steps:<p>• a physical and chemical characterisation of the different constituents of asphalt concrete, as well the natural materials as the industrial waste considered as potentially secondary aggregates,<p>• a study of the bitumen-aggregate interface by means of two techniques: a qualitative method (scanning electron microscope) and a quantitative one (nanoindentation)<p>• an evaluation of the mechanical performance of mixes containing industrial waste, before and after recycling, by means of four standard road-engineering tests.<p>The numerous results allowed to put in evidence the possibility to reuse some industrial waste materials in asphalt concrete. In addition, this characterisation containing both chemical and mechanical aspects, at the microscopic and macroscopic scales, would permit the transposition of this study to the whole of asphalt concrete./<p>Le principal objectif de ce travail consiste en le développement de nouveaux mélanges bitumineux utilisant des déchets industriels en tant que remplacement des matériaux naturels. Pour ce faire, une nouvelle caractérisation de ces revêtements a été proposée afin de vérifier que le nouveau revêtement obtenu présente de bonnes performances mécaniques tout en évitant un impact environnemental néfaste.<p>Cette caractérisation a été scindée en trois étapes distinctes :<p>•\ / Doctorat en sciences appliquées / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished