Financial inclusion is a measure of the ability of a population to make use of financial services. High rates of financial inclusion in a country are empirically correlated with high levels of economic development in that country; low rates of financial inclusion are correlated with low levels of development. Thus, policy makers are generally agreed that one method to increase economic development is to increase the level of financial inclusion. Not all attempts to increase financial inclusion are successful. Initiatives to improve financial inclusion can fail when policy makers or financial service providers have incorrect perceptions about financial inclusion. They may have incorrect perceptions about the purposes and beneficiaries of financial inclusion, or incorrect perceptions about how technology can encourage financial inclusion. This thesis investigates the perceptions of Pakistani bankers about financial inclusion in Pakistan. A survey of 125 Pakistani bankers was conducted. The results of the survey show that while bankers want to improve financial inclusion, they have perceptions that limit their effectiveness in reaching this goal. First, bankers’ perceptions of the actual financial inclusion levels in the country are higher than generally accepted empirical measures. Second, their perceptions about the reasons for financial exclusion are limited to socio-economic factors like low income and education of people. Finally, they have limited appreciation of the role that technology can play in elevating the level of financial inclusion. Bankers show more interest in customer-facing technology than in back-end technical infrastructure, thus limiting the scalability and interoperability of their systems. Our guidance to policy makers is to address these perceptual problems through education and through government-backed technical infrastructure programs, thus better enabling the banking industry to improve financial inclusion in Pakistan.

Šiais laikais daugelis bankinių atsiskaitymų vyksta elektroninėje erdvėje. Operatyvumas bei patogumas per kelis dešimtmečius bankines sistemas integravo į viso pasaulio verslą. Vis populiarėjant e. komercijai elektroninės bankininkystės sistemos integravosi į WEB aplikacijas, kuriomis gali naudotis visi elektroninės erdvės vartotojai. Atsiskaitymai elektroninėje erdvėje sukuria didelę pridėtinę vertę visai ekonomikai tačiau dėl didelio panaudojimo masto išaugo ir opios saugumo grėsmės. Dėl piktavališkų veiksmų el.erdvėje per metus padaroma žala siekia 1 trilijoną dolerių, dėl šių patiriamų didelių nuostolių mažėja investicijos į naujų technologijų diegimą ko pasėkoje dar labiau sumažėja saugos lygis. Bankinių apmokėjimų programinė įranga, kuri apdoroja bankinius atsiskaitymus yra laikoma atskira sistemos dalimi, į kurią ji yra integruota. Ši posistemė lanksčiai ir paprastai integruojasi į bendrą sistemą ir efektyviai atlieka svarbias funkcijas susijusias su apmokėjimų apdorojimu. Bankinių apmokėjimų sistema skirta, operatyviai bei lanksčiai apdoroti mokėjimus bei apie įvykusius apmokėjimus informuoti tiek siuntėją, tiek ir gavėją. / Nowadays, many banking payments takes place in cyberspace. Timeliness and convenience through several decades integrated banking systems in the business world. However e.commerce popularity integrated electronic banking systems into Web applications that are available to all users of electronic space. Payments in cyberspace creates significant added value to the economy as a whole but on a large spread banking systems increase sensitive security threat. The hostile actions in e.space damage per year increase to 1 trillion dollars, for the losses incurred by major reduction in investment in new technologies it resulting in further decrease in the level of safety. All IT professionals can help create a safer online space, because the future of electronic payments become more closely associated with our business and life. The purpose of this work is to analyze banking systems safety and threats. In this work I designed and tested several banking systems and choose the best security solutions, to reduce security threats of electronic payments.

Financial inclusion is a measure of the ability of a population to make use of financial services. High rates of financial inclusion in a country are empirically correlated with high levels of economic development in that country; low rates of financial inclusion are correlated with low levels of development. Thus, policy makers are generally agreed that one method to increase economic development is to increase the level of financial inclusion. Not all attempts to increase financial inclusion are successful. Initiatives to improve financial inclusion can fail when policy makers or financial service providers have incorrect perceptions about financial inclusion. They may have incorrect perceptions about the purposes and beneficiaries of financial inclusion, or incorrect perceptions about how technology can encourage financial inclusion. This thesis investigates the perceptions of Pakistani bankers about financial inclusion in Pakistan. A survey of 125 Pakistani bankers was conducted. The results of the survey show that while bankers want to improve financial inclusion, they have perceptions that limit their effectiveness in reaching this goal. First, bankers’ perceptions of the actual financial inclusion levels in the country are higher than generally accepted empirical measures. Second, their perceptions about the reasons for financial exclusion are limited to socio-economic factors like low income and education of people. Finally, they have limited appreciation of the role that technology can play in elevating the level of financial inclusion. Bankers show more interest in customer-facing technology than in back-end technical infrastructure, thus limiting the scalability and interoperability of their systems. Our guidance to policy makers is to address these perceptual problems through education and through government-backed technical infrastructure programs, thus better enabling the banking industry to improve financial inclusion in Pakistan.